蒙大英語國家-英國概況課件06-2 British Family Life and Welfare(II)

1、Lecture Six (II)British WelfareThe Welfare StateUKContentsWarm-Up 1Language Study2Detailed Study 3Extension4Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWhy is Britain called the welfare state?How is the National Health Service Financed?Warm-Up Discuss the Following QuestionsWhat does “meals on wheels” me

2、an?How does the National Health ServiceFunction in Britain? national insurance: 國民保險 welfare: 福利 Language Study allowance: 津貼 radical: 激進的 workhouse: 貧民院 reform:改革Hospitalisation：住院 benefit: 補貼；保險賠償費 Pension:養(yǎng)老金 detached house: 獨門獨戶的院落Language StudyCouncil house: 公寓Crisis : 危機 Semi-detached house: 兩

3、房相連的房舍Detailed StudyDefinitionOperationsHistoryPresentWhat is a welfare state?A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, e

4、quitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social organization The operations of the welfare state are in four main partsNational insuranceNat

5、ional Health ServiceSupplementary benefits are provided for people whose incomes are too lowServices for the benefit of childrenHistory of Welfare StateBrief History of Welfare State in BritainHelp serviced by parishes ,early 17th cent.Poor Law of 1834 discouraged people from applying for relief, th

6、e unemployed made stay in “workhouses” “Oliver Twist”, 1837Major Reform in 1908 - National insurance schemes founded, enabling some people to cover medical & retirement cost.Foundations of what came to be known as “the Welfare State” WorkhousesWorkhouse, WinchesterWorkhouse, AndoverThe Poor Law in 1

7、834OLIVER TWIST Charles DickensDickens Centre, Rochester Summer HousePortsmouth MuseumHouse he bought at his home townLibraryAims of the post-World War welfare legislationThe most radical and widespread reforms occurred after the Second World War in 1945. The measures introduced then were based upon

8、 a famous document, the Beveridge Report of 1942. The main aims of the legislation which followed the Report wereLord William Henry Beveridge, 1879-1963 Main Aims of Legislation after the Beveridge Report to create a system where housing, health services and social security (payments for unemploymen

9、t, old age, sickness, disability, children) would be provided for all, as an egalitarian safety-net below which nobody would be able to fallto establish a National Health Service (1947) for all to receive free diagnosis, treatment and hospitalisation when necessary.WELFARE IN BRITAIN THE PRESENTThe

10、three main areas of welfare provision in Britain are health, housing and social security The post-war welfare structure has always been a combination of public and private provision From the 1980s those who could afford to have been encouraged to provide for their own health and retirement by paying

11、 into private insurance schemes. Welfare at PresentDespite these changes, there are still a wide range of state benefits available to those in need. (a) Social SecurityFor those who become unemployed, sick, or who are working on a low wage with a family to support, they may claim either job seekers

12、allowance, income support or working families tax credit. DSS processes these claims Welfare, PresentOther benefits available include the Social Fund which is used to make one-off payments in emergencies or for special necessary purchases sickness benefitwidows pension and widowed mothers allowanced

13、isablement allowance if you are badly disabled Health(b) HealthThe National Health ServiceAlthough since the 1980s some changes have been made in management, the principle of comprehensive and free medical treatment for all, based upon need rather than the ability to pay, is still the central philos

14、ophy of the service. Housing(c) Housing82% of households in Britain live in houses rather than flats. This compares with 60% in France and 35% in Italy. Housing in Britain is either privately owned or provided by funds from the government as the public sector. The government controls the proportion

15、of private and public housing provision in a number of ways through its housing policy HousingPublic Sector Housing Past & PresentPart of the philosophy behind the Beveridge Report was that the State should be responsible for the provision of adequate housingnobody need be housed in squalor minimal

16、standards of housing should be set Local government authorities were to be given responsibility in ensuring that an adequate housing stock was available in their authority and in maintaining the standards set by government Housing1950s and 1960s Post War slum clearanceThe 1980s: Sale of Council Hous

17、esMany people disagreed with this policyLocal Council Responsibilitieshe local council still has a number of responsibilities to provide adequate housing and meet special housing needs in its area, usually through the local Social Services Department HousingPrivate Sector HousingHousing BenefitsHelp

18、 with housing costs has always been part of the provision of the Welfare State, either for people on low incomes or for people unexpectedly or temporarily out of work through illness or unemployment. This benefit is administered by local governmentHousingThe 1961 three-bedroom semi-detached house de

19、picted above is typical of those now standing on the Clober estate. It has white-painted roughcast walls and a tiled roof. Semi-detached HouseSemi-detached Houses Detach House Detached HouseCouncil HousesCouncil HousesFlatsLondon Flat1930sLawn Road Flats1933-1934Housing Crisis in Britain*England fac

20、es a housing crisis within the next 20 years, with a potential shortage of more than one million homes leading to overcrowding and rising levels of homelessness, a leading social research charity claimed today60,000 homeless households in temporary accommodation & over I,000 people sleeping rough pr

21、oblems to be solved by Social Exclusion Unit. Housing shortages are set to become one of the most significant social issues of the next 20 years. Simon Parker , March 19, 2002 Monday 29 September, 2003 Speech by Deputy Prime Minister John PrescottUnder the Tories, half a million homes were repossess

22、ed. They drove millions of people into negative equity - with high interest rates and falling house prices.With Labour we have one million new homeowners and the lowest mortgage rates for half a century.The Tory shame was homeless people on the streets. Labour cut rough sleeping by two-thirds and reduced the number of families in bed and breakfast accommodation. And by next April we shall meet our pledge to end B&B for all homeless families with children. Extension Cultural NotesAssignmentCultural Notes1.national insurance fund: 國民保險基金。國民保險是一個由多種津貼和補助金組成的綜合性保險制度。分為繳費型和非繳費型。領(lǐng)取