2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題含解析解密14閱讀理解之推理判斷題序號題型真題Part 1解密高考考點綜述 備考建議Part 2對點解密考點精準(zhǔn)說1。. 真題對點析1。 對點模擬練1.。.Part 3強化集訓(xùn)真題模測、典題模測Part 1解密高考【考點綜述】推理判斷題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理.推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出

2、一定判斷和推論,從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義.推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話,也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理,也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以,推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫（paraphrase)或綜合。常見的題干有：1。 It can be inferred from the text that2. We can conclude that3. When the writer talks about.。, what he really means i

3、s that4。 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?【備考建議】從歷年的高考閱讀理解題分析來看，推理判斷題所占的比例大概在7-10,根據(jù)高考對閱讀理解之推理判斷題的考察，在復(fù)習(xí)備考中,考生應(yīng)該從以下五大題型注意復(fù)習(xí):細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、因果推斷題、人物性格、預(yù)測想象推理題和寫作意圖推測題。Part 2對點解密【考點精準(zhǔn)說】1-細(xì)節(jié)推斷題常見的設(shè)問方式：It can be inferred from the passage/text that_。The author mainly suggests that _。It can

4、be concluded from the passage that_.The writer implies but not directly states _.What does the author imply about newspapers?細(xì)節(jié)判斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。干擾項特點：1. 文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息2. 文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論3. 與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論4。 不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。 解題技

5、巧1。 要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考,得出片面結(jié)論。2. 要忠實原文,切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。3。 注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。 【真題對點析】1(2020全國卷1，B）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the rel

6、ationship。 But books dont change, people do。 And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative。The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register。 Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings。 But with reading,

7、 its all about the present。 Its about the now and what one contributes to the now， because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable F

8、east。 Published in 1964， its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris。 The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time。 Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (隨筆) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortaz

9、ars Save Twilight： Selected Poems， because poetry. And because Cortazar。While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that， while money is indeed wonderful and necessary， rereading an authors work is the highe

10、st currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writer-reader relationship。BIts a window to a

11、whole new world.CIts a substitute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the understanding of oneself。25What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?AIts a brief account of a trip。BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.26

12、What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to？ADebtBReward.CAllowance.DFace value.27What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry。BHes an editor。CHes very ambitious.DHe teaches reading?！敬鸢浮?4D25B26B27A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了重新閱讀的意義和益處并向讀者介紹了作者每年重讀的三本書。作者鼓勵讀者去重新閱讀書籍。24

13、推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“But books dont change， people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是書沒變，人變了。那就是使重新閱讀行為如此豐富和富于變化之處)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get， the more I feel tim

14、e has wings。(重新閱讀的美妙之處在于我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們現(xiàn)在的心理狀態(tài).真的，我年紀(jì)越大，就越覺得時光飛逝。)”可推知，作者喜歡重新閱讀是因為重新閱讀可以擴展對自己的理解.故選D項.25推理判斷題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time可知,這本書出版于1964年,這是他關(guān)于20世紀(jì)20年代在巴黎的經(jīng)典回憶錄，是他老年時對那些野心勃勃卻更簡單的日子的回顧.由此

15、可判斷出A Movable Feast是關(guān)于海明威年輕時的生活。故選B項.26詞義猜測題.根據(jù)最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(雖然金錢確實是美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文的語境可推知，“rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them。”意為“但是但重新閱讀作品是讀者能支付給他們的最高回報”，由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是“回報”。故選B項。27推理判斷題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The third book is Jul

16、io Cortzars Save Twilight： selected poems， because poetry.（第三本書是胡里奧科塔扎的拯救暮光之城: 詩歌精選，因為詩歌)”可知，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。【對點模擬練】1The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel。 Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me。 They asked typical travelers questions-where was I going

17、 and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend， I explained， but when I called her that morning, she didnt pick up and I had no other way to reach her。 My stomach was in knots， but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius,

18、 where we had planned to go together。“Why dont you travel with us？” one of the backpackers offered。 They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months， save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while worki

19、ng in London。It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes。 For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations。 When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into

20、the King David Hotels swimming pool, I led the way。 The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone。 I joined complete strangers， who become close friends。 Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special e

21、xperience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, Ive backpacked alone across South Africa， skydived from 12，000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U。S. with no job lined up.On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supp

22、osed to meet。 Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadnt picked up the phone。1。 By “My stomach was in knots （in paragraph 1）, the author most likely means that she was _.A。 sick of riding on a bumpy busB。 nervous of meeting strangersC。 upset about the sudden changeD. sorry about

23、the impractical plan2。 Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?A。 Courageous but disrespectful.B。 Jobless and poorly educated.C。 Warmhearted and trustworthy.D. Homeless but lighthearted.3。 The authors sixth sense told her that _.A。 she would get along with the backpacker

24、sB。 it might cause trouble to have a swimC。 she ought to stay away from the backpackersD。 it could add excitement to get a free ride4. What can be inferred from the passage？A. Most of the backpackers became the authors lifelong friends。B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack tra

25、veler.C。 The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者原本與朋友約好去旅游，卻被放了鴿子,她決定一個人去.途中她遇見了五個背包客，這些背包客邀請她一起去旅游,她和這些人一起經(jīng)歷了美好的幾天，并和他們成了好朋友。1。C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文“My plan was to travel with a fr

26、iend of a friend， I explained， but when I called her that morning, she didnt pick up and I had no other way to reach her?？芍髡弑慌笥逊砒澴恿?，被放鴿子肯定是失望的，C項（因為突然的變化而感到沮喪的）最符合作者此時的心情，所以選C。2。C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Why dont you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered可知這些背包客邀請作者一起旅游，說明他們很熱心；根據(jù)“ They were experien

27、ced adventurers who would work for a few months, save， then travel for as long as they could”可知這些背包客旅游經(jīng)驗很豐富，所以是值得信任的，綜合選C。3.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It seemed risky to travel with strangers， but my instinct said yes?！笨芍@些背包客邀請作者一起旅游時，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感說了“好”,也就是說她的第六感讓她相信她能和這些背包客相處的很好，才會答應(yīng)他們的邀請，故選A。4.D 【解析】推

28、理判斷題。根據(jù)“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone。”可知作者覺得自己選擇一個人旅游讓自己看到了更大的世界,再結(jié)合最后一句“Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadnt picked up the phone.”可知作者慶幸她的朋友沒有接她的電話。由此可以判斷作者認(rèn)為自己選擇一個人去旅行是一個很好的決定，故選D.【考點精準(zhǔn)說】2-預(yù)測推斷題常見的設(shè)問方式:What do you think will happen when/if？At

29、the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _。The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_.Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明,這就要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，對事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測、推斷.作這類題時考生應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確把握作者的寫作思路，從而作

30、出比較準(zhǔn)確的、合情合理的猜測。 解題技巧做這類題時應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測。【真題對點析】2(2018新課標(biāo)全國卷，B）Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nu

31、tritional protection.Of the common berries， strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although， because of their seeds， raspberries contain a little more protein （蛋白質(zhì)）， iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants （抗氧化物質(zhì)）. The yellow and orange st

32、one fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants。 As for cherries （櫻桃）, they are so delicious who cares？ However, they are rich in vitamin C。When combined with berries of slices of other fruits， frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,

33、cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”。 For this purpose， select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen banan

34、as will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer。zx。x。kIf you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit。 Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens pa

35、rty; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24。 What does the author seem to like about cherries？ A. They contain protein。 B. They are high in vitamin A。 C. They have a pleasant taste。 D. They are rich in antioxidants.25。

36、Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？ A。 To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour。 C。 To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？ A。 A dessert. B。 A drink。 C. A container. D。 A machine.27. From which is the text proba

37、bly taken？ A。 A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C。 A research paper. D。 A travel brochure?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講述了人們熱愛水果豐盛的7月，這時候各種水果營養(yǎng)豐富且含有對人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜歡的甜點或冰淇淋。24。 C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問的是，作者喜歡櫻桃什么.根據(jù)第二段中As for cherries (櫻桃）, they are so delicious who cares？（至于櫻桃，因為它們很好吃誰在乎呢？）可知

38、，作者在乎的是它的美味。故選C。26. D 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below可知,孩子們喜歡把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺機器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從下面出來。故可以推出a juicer就是一臺機器.故選D.27. B 【解析】文章出處題.文章首先指出七月是水果盛產(chǎn)的季節(jié)，并指出各種水果富含的營養(yǎng)，最后一段指出我們可以用a juicer為孩子們做一些甜點和冰激凌

39、,故最可能是從健康雜志上摘取的文章。A項意為：生物教科書;B項意為：一本健康雜志；C項意為：一篇研究論文；D項意為：一本旅游手冊.故選B?！緦c模擬練】2In 1971 we were living in Wichita， Kansas Lincoln was about seven， Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby。 Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my t

40、houghts， alternating between joy and sorrow， and I got to think about my paper route(送報)， that tree， what my mother had said to me and how dad had tried to make things better。I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldnt sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a c

41、up of hot tea which made her feel better. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there。 She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading。 When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.When the kettle began to whistle， she went and

42、 made her tea。 She came back。 I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much. She went very quiet for a moment and then she said,”Do you remember that t

43、ime on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?”Yes，”I said,Ive just been thinking about it you know.”She hesitated for a long moment, as though something was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take courage to get it out。 Finally, great tears rolled dow

44、n her face and she cried,Oh, son， please forgive me。 That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twentyfive years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said。”What is likely to be described in the next paragraph?A。 How they would celebrate the Ch

45、ristmas.B。 How the authors father supported the family.C. What happened to the authors parents in the past。D。 The reason for the authors parents divorce.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。我和三個孩子以及我的母親居住在一起。圣誕前夜，我熬夜未睡,意外發(fā)現(xiàn)母親也未入睡，當(dāng)我們回憶往事時,她失聲痛哭?！敬鸢浮緾 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段母親所說的話” That time and that Christmas have been a burden

46、 on my heart for twenty-five years。 I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said可推知,母親想起了以前圣誕節(jié)的事，對自己所做的事感到難過;據(jù)此可以判斷，下文將敘述發(fā)生在作者父母身上的故事，故C項正確.【考點精準(zhǔn)說】3-文章來源或讀者對象題常見的設(shè)問方式：This passage would most likely be found in _。The passage is probably taken out of _。Where is the pass

47、age most likely from?文章來源或讀者對象推斷題要求考生具備一定的常識。因此考生本身要對報紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普知識、小說、童話、廣告、教材、說明書、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能在做題時根據(jù)文章的特點選出答案。【真題對點析】3（2019全國卷I ，C）As data and identity theft becomes more and more common， the market is growing for biometric(生物測量）technologies-like fingerprint scansto keep others out of priv

48、ate espaces。 At present， these technologies are still expensive, though。Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a lowcost device(裝置)that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏)with which one types and the pressure finge

49、rs apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person。 Thus， the keyboard can determine peoples identities， and by extension, whether they should be giv

50、en access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had

51、 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard。 Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and i

52、s mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary。B. A guidebookC。 A novel。D. A magazine?！菊Z篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。數(shù)據(jù)和身份盜竊變得越來越普遍,目前,向指紋掃描等這些技術(shù)仍然是昂貴的。本文介紹了一種新的科技智能鍵盤，它能給espace用戶帶來安全，而且這項技術(shù)也不貴。31.D 【解析】推理判斷題

53、。本文介紹了一種新的科技智能鍵盤，它能給espace用戶帶來安全，由此可知,本文是關(guān)于科技，結(jié)合所給選項可知，本文可能來自于一本雜志.故選D。【對點模擬練】3When 6-year-old Tarryn Henkelman walked through a giant blue box filled with toys, she knew exactly what she wanted. When she and her parents walked out of the Goodwill on Pavilion Lane， she held a foldup blue minibike ti

54、ghtly to her chest。 Her old minibike recently broke， and she wanted to move around her neighborhood on two wheels once again. She hadnt walked into the store expecting a present， but as she and her family walked past the counter they got a holiday surprise when Todd Wakefield, Goodwills Senior Direc

55、tor of Retail, delivered some good news。 ”All kids today, all day long, you can get one free toy, or free kids book， he said， announcing a special treat made possible by an anonymous（匿名的） donor. Nearly a decade ago， one Fort Collins man cut a check covering the cost of every toy in the store and rep

56、eated it every year, so that any child who walks through the front door can pick out something to take home for free. He said he did not need recognition for his act of kindness， but said that this day had become an important part of his familys Christmas tradition。 As kids crowded around plastic bo

57、xes overflowing with toys， he and his wife quietly took in the scene before slipping out the front door, unnoticed。 Store staff members set aside extra toys in the day leading up to the surprise giveaway to make sure that no child left emptyhanded on Saturday. Wakefield was the store manager at the

58、Fort Collins Goodwill the first year the anonymous donor walked through the front door and asked to buy up the toy section. Even though Wakefield has since taken a job at Goodwills corporate office， he made a point of coming to this yearly event. Weve got some amazing people throughout our community

59、， he said. ”This is what our business runs on, people willing to give and help their community。” 1Why did Tarryn Henkelman want a minibike?A。To learn to ride it.B。To surprise her neighbors。C.To show it off before her family。D.To bike around her community.2What was a holiday surprise for Tarryn Henke

60、lman？A。A donor gave money to her.B。A stranger treated her to a present。C。The store donated a toy to her。D。Her parents bought a minibike for her.3Which words can describe the Fort Collins man？A。Considerate and smart.B。Helpful and optimistic.C。Generous and kindhearted。D。Sympathetic and easygoing.【語篇解讀