2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧13主線確定文章的標(biāo)題含解析

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧13主線確定文章的標(biāo)題含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧13主線確定文章的標(biāo)題含解析2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧13主線確定文章的標(biāo)題含解析典型技巧13 主線確定文章的標(biāo)題【考情角度】考情分析社會與文化類說明文，結(jié)構(gòu)層次較為分明，常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是總分或總分總結(jié)構(gòu).中間段會利用事例進一步說明?？疾榻嵌瘸？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解題、主旨大意題、詞義理解題和標(biāo)題歸納題等?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(2019全國卷B）主題語境：社會與文化For Western designers, China an

2、d its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western eq avs4al(creative）?！癐ts no secret that China has always been a source （來源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill， chief creative officer at AE Networks， a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion （時尚) shows.E

3、arlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics （美學(xué)） on Western fashion and how China has eq avs4al（fueled） the fashiona

4、ble imagination for centuries。 The exhibition had record eq avs4al(attendance)， showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences?！癈hina is impossible to eq avs4al（overlook)，” says Hill。 “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the worl

5、d, which means Chinese_women_are_not_just_consumers_of_fashionthey are central to its movement。” Of course， not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of eq avs4al(contemporary） fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu ar

6、e taking_on Galliano Albaz， Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models， and so are the consumers，” she says。 “China

7、is no longer just another market； in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction， its eq avs4al(breathtaking） clothes, and how young designers and models are finally eq avs4al（acknowledging） that in many ways.1.What

8、 can we learn about the eq avs4al(exhibition in New York）？A。 It promoted the sales of artworks。B。 It attracted a large number of visitors。C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes。D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.2.What does Hill say about eq avs4al（Chinese women）？A。 They are setting the fashion.B

9、。 They start many fashion campaigns。C. They admire super models。D。 They do business all over the world.3。What do the underlined words “taking on in paragraph 4 mean?A. Learning from。B. Looking down on.C。 Working with.D. Competing against。4。What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Se

10、lling Dreams to the WorldB。 A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences between Eastern and Western AestheticsD。 Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends答案與解析：1。B2.A3。D4.D1。由題干關(guān)鍵詞exhibition in New York定位文章第三段，尋讀并定位關(guān)鍵信息record attendance可確定答案。2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Chinese women導(dǎo)讀原文,Hill對Chi

11、nese women的評價，定位第4段中破折號后內(nèi)容“central to its movement”,由此可判斷出答案。3.根據(jù)下文的beating them hands down可準(zhǔn)確猜出詞義。4。文章第一段就是主旨句，下文圍繞其展開說明,舉例也是為了說明此點?！炯记舍屃x】循文章主線定最佳標(biāo)題循主線定標(biāo)題，首次肯定中國文化是西方設(shè)計師的創(chuàng)意素材(第12段）舉例說明（第34段） 鏡花水月展覽參觀人數(shù)創(chuàng)歷史新高(可解第1題)Hill列舉王薇薇(Vera Wang）、王大仁（Alexander Wang)和吳秀剛（Jason Wu)在設(shè)計和銷售額方面擊敗西方頂級設(shè)計師(可解第3題）再次肯定中國文

12、化在國際時尚領(lǐng)域的影響：引領(lǐng)潮流(第5段）【詞匯積累】overlook vt.忽略；俯瞰contemporary adj.當(dāng)代的breathtaking adj。引人入勝的acknowledge vt.認(rèn)可attendance n。出勤率creative n。創(chuàng)意fuel 【技巧演練】（建議用時：45分鐘）1One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true。 In fact， the te

13、nsion between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds， for example。 The halfdozen finches （雀） resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what theyll find there: black sunflower se

14、ed， and lots of it. Meanwhile， the warblers (鶯) exploring the woods nearby dont depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters， they enjoy less exposure to predators and， as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This exploreexploit” trade-off

15、(權(quán)衡） has prompted scores of lab studies， computer simulations and algorithms （算法） trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isnt muc

16、h of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo (原狀) When the going gets tough， however， explorers are the winners。The new study, led by Shay OFarrell and James Sanchirico， both of the University of California, Davis， along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University， examined

17、the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on ”bottom longline” fishing， a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. OFarrell explained the pr

18、ocedure this way： Go to a location and put the line down。 Stay for a few hours。 The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮標(biāo)） at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch， and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot。Over two years of collecting data under variou

19、s climate conditions， the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly consistent。 The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what they know,” Dr。 OFarrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; theyd sample new places。In the long run，

20、there wasnt a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups， perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr。 OFarrell. But in challenging times, the studys message was clear: You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”1.The author takes the songbird as an example t

21、o indicate that _.A.like birds， humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB。some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC。there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD。birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather2。According to the third para

22、graph， people who mastered ”exploreexploit” tradeoff _.A。will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB.are ready to risk in time of difficultyC。will be tough in good times and bad timesD。will grow to be experts in lab studies3.Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay OFarr

23、ell and James Sanchirico?A.The two groups react to the unexpected differently。B。The ”explore-exploit” tradeoff helps scientific research a lot.C。The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience。D。The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run。4。Which of the

24、 following can be the best title for passage？A.How the Exploiter differs from the ExplorerB.How to Become a Productive FishermanC.What is ”Explore-Exploit” TradeoffD。When to take risks matters【答案】1。C 2。B 3。A 4.D【分析】這是一篇說明文.短文介紹了上個月發(fā)表在自然通訊雜志上的一項關(guān)于人類在現(xiàn)實世界中行為的新研究表明，在穩(wěn)定時期，追求新奇與堅持現(xiàn)狀沒有太大區(qū)別，但在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時期，面對不確定

25、性，人們更應(yīng)該嘗試新事物,冒險者才是贏家.1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In fact， the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.”可知,事實上,在確定的事情上下注和冒險一些意想不到的美妙事情可能發(fā)生之間的緊張關(guān)系困擾著人類和非人類動物.根據(jù)第二段“Take songbirds, for example。”以以鳴禽為例。由

26、此判斷出，作者以鳴禽為例,說明像人類一樣保守和冒險在動物間也是存在的。故選C項。2。推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段“This ”explore-exploit” trade-off (權(quán)衡） has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms （算法） trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward。 When the going gets tough， however， explorers are the winners.”可知

27、， 這種“探索利用的權(quán)衡促使了大量的實驗室研究、計算機模擬和算法，試圖確定哪種策略能帶來最大的回報.在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時期,冒險者才是贏家。由此判斷出，掌握了“探索利用”權(quán)衡的人,在困難時期隨時準(zhǔn)備冒險.故選B項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over， and go with what they know，” Dr。 OFarrell said。 The explorers would constantly try a wider range； theyd sample ne

28、w places. 可知，奧法雷爾博士說：“這些開發(fā)者會一次又一次地去一個較小的地點,并按照他們所知道的去做。探險家們會不斷地嘗試更廣闊的范圍；他們不斷嘗試新的地點。由此判斷出，兩組人對未預(yù)料的事情的反應(yīng)不同。故選A項。4。主旨大意題。短文介紹了上個月發(fā)表在自然通訊雜志上的一項關(guān)于人類在現(xiàn)實世界中行為的新研究表明,在穩(wěn)定時期，追求新奇與堅持現(xiàn)狀沒有太大區(qū)別,但在充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時期，面對不確定性,人們更應(yīng)該嘗試新事物,冒險者才是贏家。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“何時冒險很重要”。故選D項.2 Faster, cheaper， bettertechnology is one field many peopl

29、e rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future。 But as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making things worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together， but they are better known for leaking privacy. Ecommerce， r

30、ide-hailing (網(wǎng)約車） and the gig economy （零工經(jīng)濟） may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles。Todays pessimistic mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that particular t

31、echnologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. The 1920s witnessed a criticism against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused by horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and animal waste and caused accidents. And industrialization wa

32、s criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers， the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.However， that pessimism can be overdone。 Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for gra

33、nted。 Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of convenient communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible。 A further danger is that Luddite （反對技術(shù)進步者) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated

34、 with a new technology will end up denying access to its longterm benefits-something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic， calls a ”technology trap”。 Fears that robots will steal peoples jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as

35、their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots， not fewer.Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world。 Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself， but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold t

36、his debate， and come up with good answers。 So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment。 To be alive in the techobsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.5。What phenomenon is described in Paragraph 1?A.The seriousness of social inequality.B.The rapid devel

37、opment of technology。C。Problems brought by personal privacy leaks.D.Worries about the influence of new technologies.6。Which word can best describe Romantics concern over industrialization?A。Negative.B。Uncertain。C。Sympathetic。D。Enthusiastic。7。What might be a result of a technology trap?A。A lack of go

38、od jobs in the job market.B.An increase in the number of Luddites.C.A decrease in the number of skilled workers。D。An interruption to the advancement of a new technology.8.What is the best title for the text？A.Pessimism vs ProgressB。Technology vs CivilizationC.2020s: The Age of TechnologyD.Robots: Ou

39、r Future Caretakers【答案】5。D6。A7。D8.A【分析】這是一篇說明文。作者從近些年火熱起來的電子商務(wù)，網(wǎng)約車,零點經(jīng)濟等入手，介紹了科技給人們帶來巨大便利的同時也使很多人感到擔(dān)憂，從而提出人們?nèi)绾芜x擇和使用科技才是使社會進步的關(guān)鍵?！驹斀狻?。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段后三句“Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy。 E-commerce， ridehailing （網(wǎng)約車) and the gig economy (

40、零工經(jīng)濟) may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers， worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles.”(社交媒體本應(yīng)將人們團結(jié)在一起，但它們更出名的是泄露隱私。電子商務(wù)、網(wǎng)約車和零工經(jīng)濟或許很方便,但它們都被指控給工人支付了較低的工資，加劇了不平等，還用車輛堵塞了街道.)可知，第一段中提到了新媒體泄露隱私信息,網(wǎng)約車阻塞街道,電子商務(wù)缺乏公平，工人報酬低等問題，從而對新技術(shù)所產(chǎn)生的影響表示擔(dān)憂。故選D。6.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段最后

41、一句“And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers， the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.”（在19世紀(jì),浪漫主義者批評工業(yè)化，他們擔(dān)心技術(shù)工人的替代,農(nóng)村的掠奪和工廠工人的痛苦.)可知浪漫主義者對工業(yè)化的態(tài)度是消極的。故選A.7。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“A further danger is that

42、 Luddite （反對技術(shù)進步者） efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits-something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a ”technology trap。 Fears that robots will steal peoples jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the lo

43、ng run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.”（更嚴(yán)重的危險是，路德派試圖避免與新技術(shù)相關(guān)的短期成本，最終會阻礙其長期利益的獲得-牛津大學(xué)學(xué)者卡爾貝內(nèi)迪克特弗雷稱之為“技術(shù)陷阱”。對機器人會搶走人類工作的擔(dān)心可能會阻礙機器人的使用。然而，從長遠來看,那些希望隨著勞動力老齡化和勞動力縮減而維持其生活水平的國家將需要更多的機器人，而不是更少。）可知,人們雖然擔(dān)憂機器人會使很多人失

44、業(yè)，但是從長期來看，機器人有助于改善人們的生活水平，社會需要更多的機器人，而“技術(shù)陷阱”反對機器人的應(yīng)用，進而會阻礙機器人技術(shù)的進步，由此可知,“技術(shù)陷阱”可能會導(dǎo)致一項新技術(shù)進展的中斷，故選D項。8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill。 It is the choices people make about it that shape the world。 ”（任何強大的技術(shù)都可能被用于好的地方或壞的地方.人們做出的選擇塑造了這個世界.）可知，作者從近些年火熱起來的電子商務(wù)，網(wǎng)約車，零點經(jīng)濟等入手，

45、介紹了科技給人們帶來巨大便利的同時也使很多人感到擔(dān)憂,從而提出人們?nèi)绾芜x擇和使用科技才是使社會進步的關(guān)鍵。故選A。3Be black or white, the exact color of a persons skin is determined by a combination of his parentage and random chance and it affects how every single person treats you。 You cant take your skin off, even if youre terrified or ashamed to wear

46、it, even if youre sick and tired of wearing it.Freddie Gray， who was arrested in 2016 for possessing a legal knife and died in police custody（拘留）， was born Black。 Tamir Rice , who barely lived more than one being Black, was shot at the age of 12 for playing with a toy gun in 2014。 Breonna Taylor, wh

47、o was shot and killed in March when two plainclothes police officers entered her apartment unannounced， didnt choose to be Black. But the police officers who shot her chose their careers。 They chose to shoot her， too. Police across America also chose to shoot 336 other unarmed Black people from 2013

48、-2019.Each of these victims did not possess a weapon at the time of their murder, and in all but few of the cases they lost their lives because someone thought they were reaching for a gun that turned out to be a wallet, cell phone or nothing at all. This is absolutely unacceptable. Were not saying

49、they shouldnt have been captured with all necessary force and imprisoned accordingly。 A criminal is a criminal and should be handled as such。 But even a criminal， as long as he lives in this great country, is an American worthy of justified handling and a fair trial.Black people dont get to sign up

50、for lives of discrimination and terror. They often found themselves moving through wave upon wave of white faces that usually mirrored the same emotionsshock， disbelief and anger。 It is the fear of black skin that plays a part in each of these murders。 African Americans can no longer tolerate the un

51、justified killings of their loved ones. As a country, its time to start effective dialogues to end this pitiless trend. It has to be a long struggle and pain before Black people overcome prejudice to win the chance of being understood by white ones.9。What is the authors purpose of mentioning the mur

52、ders in Paragraph 2?A.To provide examples of unjustified killings of Black people。B.To give an explanation why police officers choose to shoot black people。C.To offer a description of Police officers hatred towards black people.D.To make an analysis of how hard lives black people were living.10。What

53、 is the authors attitude towards the killings mentioned in the text？A.Forgiving。B.Cautious.C.Disapproving。D.Indifferent。11。What can we infer from the text？A.The process of overcoming prejudice towards the black is on its way。B.Black people are ashamed to wear their skin color which leads to injustic

54、e.C.Black people will turn to violence to stop the unjustified killings among them。D.The police should have chosen a proper way to treat black “criminals”。12。What is the best title of the text？A。Prejudice from WhitesB.Blacks Call for JusticeC.Policemens Fair TrialD。Fight for Mutual Trust【答案】9。A10.C1

55、1。D12.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了美國黑人的生活狀況,遭到白人無端的歧視和白人警察無理的槍殺,美國的黑人不愿接受歧視和恐怖的生活,呼吁社會的公正。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Freddie Gray, who was arrested in 2016 for possessing a legal knife and died in police custody（拘留）, was born Black。 Tamir Rice ， who barely lived more than one being Black， was shot at the age of 12 for pla

56、ying with a toy gun in 2014。 Breonna Taylor， who was shot and killed in March when two plainclothes police officers entered her apartment unannounced， didnt choose to be Black。 But the police officers who shot her chose their careers. They chose to shoot her， too. Police across America also chose to

57、 shoot 336 other unarmed Black people from 2013-2019.可知，弗雷迪格雷于2016年因持有合法刀具被捕，并在警方拘留期間死亡.他是黑人.2014年，12歲的塔米爾賴斯因為玩玩具槍而被槍擊。布若娜泰勒今年3月在兩名便衣警察未經(jīng)通知進入她的公寓時被槍殺，她并沒有選擇要成為黑人。但射殺她的警察忠于職守。他們也選擇了射殺她。20132019年，全美各地的警察還射殺了另外336名手無寸鐵的黑人.由此判斷出,第二段中提到謀殺案的目的是提供無理殺害黑人的例子。故選A項。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Each of these victims did not

58、possess a weapon at the time of their murder， and in all but few of the cases they lost their lives because someone ”thought” they were reaching for a gun that turned out to be a wallet， cell phone or nothing at all。 This is absolutely unacceptable.”可知，這些受害者在遇害時都沒有武器,除了極少數(shù)案件外，他們都是因為有人“以為”他們伸手去拿槍，結(jié)果卻

59、是錢包、手機或什么都沒拿,所以才喪命的。這是絕對不能接受的。由此判斷出，作者對文中提到的殺戮持反對的態(tài)度。故選C項。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Were not saying they shouldnt have been captured with all necessary force and imprisoned accordingly。 A criminal is a criminal and should be handled as such.”可知,我們并不是說不應(yīng)該采取一切必要的手段逮捕他們，并相應(yīng)地關(guān)押他們.罪犯就是罪犯，應(yīng)該按罪犯處理。由此判斷出,警察應(yīng)該選擇一種正確的方式

60、來對待黑人“罪犯”。故選D項。12。主旨大意題。短文介紹了美國黑人的生活狀況,遭到白人無端的歧視和白人警察毫無理的槍殺，美國的黑人不接受歧視和恐怖的生活,呼吁社會的公正.所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“黑人呼吁公正。故選B.4If you learned about Thanksgiving in an American elementary school, chances are that the holiday is in honor of how the Pilgrim（清教徒）of Plymouth， Mass， celebrated the harvest by enjoying a dinn