2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境2地球與宇宙奧秘探索教案

1、2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境2地球與宇宙奧秘探索教師用書教案2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境2地球與宇宙奧秘探索教師用書教案PAGE 2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境2地球與宇宙奧秘探索教師用書教案主題語境(二)地球與宇宙奧秘探索閱讀理解A(2018北京卷B）Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation（航空） CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure， the Space and Aviati

2、on Center (SAC) is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands.on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering， aviation, education， medicine and a wide variety of other professions。 They come

3、 to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with realworld applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（榮譽(yù)徽章)At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge

4、 as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated(模擬） flying to space with the crew from all over the world。The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge。They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the

5、cockpit(駕駛艙) of a variety of flight simulators。Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water。and land.survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot。With all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance

6、of leadership and being part of a bigger task。All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together， too， with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week - there is something here for everyone!For more details， please vis

7、it us online at ?！菊Z篇解讀】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了宇航中心培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的情況，命題時(shí)從讀者的真實(shí)需求出發(fā)，著重考查培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)。激發(fā)考生的航天夢想，探險(xiǎn)精神和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神。1Why do people come to SAC?ATo experience adventures。BTo look for jobs in aviation.CTo get a degree in engineering.DTo learn more about medicine.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“If youre looking for a unique adven

8、ture， the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.可知，人們來SAC是為了尋找與眾不同的冒險(xiǎn)體驗(yàn)，故選A.2To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to _.Afly to spaceBget an Aviation badge firstCstudy the principles of flightDbuild and fire model rocketsD細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第三段“At Space Camp, trainees can earn their

9、 Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated（模擬) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.”可知，要想獲得太空探險(xiǎn)徽章需要建造和發(fā)射火箭模型、學(xué)習(xí)太空任務(wù)、嘗試與其他飛行員模擬太空飛行等,故選D.3What is the most important for trainees？ALeadership。BTeam spirit。CTask planning。DSu

10、rvival skills.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“With all the programs， teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task?！笨芍瑢τ谑苡?xùn)者來說，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是關(guān)鍵，故團(tuán)隊(duì)精神是最重要的，故選B。B(2018北京卷C）Plastic。Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year。Almost half of that win

11、ds up in landfills（垃圾填埋場）, and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans。 So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms。Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break

12、 down polyethylene， which accounts for 40% of plastics。The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams， or almost 3 of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene bre

13、akdown, the researchers made some worms into paste（糊狀物） and applied it to plastic films。14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶） from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017。Federica Bertocchini, coauthor of the stu

14、dy, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food - beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene， the carbon。carbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains, “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond?！盝ennifer

15、DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step， DeBruyn says， will be to id

16、entify the cause of the breakdown。Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物）？Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process n

17、ot simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic。”【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一種吃塑料的蟲子大蠟螟，它胃中的酶能夠降解塑料，這為解決塑料污染提供了新的途徑。4What can we learn about the worms in the study？AThey take plastics as their everyday food。BThey are newly evolved creatures。CThey can consume plastics。DThey wind up in landfills。C推理判

18、斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Federica Bertocchini, co。author of the study， says the worms ability to break down their everyday food - beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.”可知，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，大蠟螟蠕蟲分解日常食物的能力讓它們可以分解塑料,也就是說它們可以吃塑料。故選C.5According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to _。Aidentify other mea

19、ns of the breakdownBfind out the source of the enzymeCconfirm the research findingsDincrease the breakdown speedB細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第四段“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物）？可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明這種酶來

20、源于哪里，是蟲子自己產(chǎn)生的還是它腸道里的微生物產(chǎn)生的.故選B。6It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might _.Ahelp to raise wormsBhelp make plastic bagsCbe used to clean the oceansDbe produced in factories in futureD推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not sim

21、ply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic?！笨梢酝茢喑?，Bertocchini希望這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)將來能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中使用，而不是僅僅依靠大蠟螟蠕蟲來分解塑料。故選D.7What is the main purpose of the passage？ATo explain a study method on worms.BTo introduce the diet of a special worm。CTo present a way to break down plastics.DTo propose new means to keep

22、eco。balance.C寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms?！笨芍?，有一種新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown o

23、n top of the plastic?？芍?Bertocchini希望將這種方法推廣到工業(yè)中。由此可以推知寫作意圖為介紹一種分解塑料的方法。故選C。C（2017全國卷D）When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesnt sit quietly。Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbor

24、ing plants can get。These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm。What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a

25、 plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently。Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty。They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they a

26、rrive,the tables are turned。The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch。In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and kne

27、w what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself。Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry。So information was exchanged，but i

28、t wasnt a true，intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin,over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier,noisier and more intimate（親密的）than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak。Theres a whole lot going on.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了植物受到襲擊時(shí)會(huì)釋放出某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)來保護(hù)自己并“告知”附近的植物.8What does a plant do when i

29、t is under attack?AIt makes noises。BIt gets help from other plants。CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段中的“。reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of t

30、he plant and seem to be an alarm。”可知，植物受到傷害時(shí)會(huì)散發(fā)出一種特殊的氣味，而這種特殊的氣味就是某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，故選D項(xiàng).9What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3？AThe attackers get attacked。BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.A句意猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“

31、They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.（它們散發(fā)出氣味意在吸引不同的昆蟲,這些昆蟲是襲擊者的天敵），以及畫線部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch。（正在吃午餐的襲擊者現(xiàn)在就變成了午餐）”可知，畫線部分的意思是襲擊者受到了它的天敵的襲擊，故選A項(xiàng)。10Scientists find from their studies that plants can _.Apred

32、ict natural disastersBprotect themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when necessaryB推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away。”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attac

33、kers.”可知,植物能保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲的傷害，故選B項(xiàng)。11What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems。DPeople in Darwins time were more imaginative.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，達(dá)爾文設(shè)想了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)比現(xiàn)實(shí)世界更繁忙、更喧囂和更親密的世界，而我們的感官卻非常弱，我們還

34、有很長的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的樣子更復(fù)雜,故選C項(xiàng)。D(2017江蘇卷B)Before birth， babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger。But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost。As recently reported in The Auk

35、：Ornithological Advances， some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch（孵化)New.born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world。This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer， a biologist at Flinders University in

36、South Australia，and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers-a sound that served as their regular “feed me!call.To find out if the

37、 special quality was more widespread in birds， the researchers sought the red。backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and num

38、ber of notes。A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms。And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies begging calls

39、。In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的） strengths of children to parents.An evolutiona

40、ry inference can then be drawn?！癆s a parent， do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”【語篇解讀】這是一篇科普類的說明文。文章講述了澳大利亞的一位生物學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，鳥兒在孵化時(shí)會(huì)進(jìn)行胎教，幼鳥會(huì)用胎教時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)的鳥叫聲來引起鳥媽媽的關(guān)注.鳥兒在胎教方面比人類更出色。12The u

41、nderlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_”Abe the worstBbe the bestCbe just as badDbe just as goodB詞義猜測題。畫線部分前面的語境說，嬰兒在出生之前就能分辨很大的聲響與人的嗓音(tell the difference between loud sounds and voices）；畫線部分后面的語境說,有些鳥媽媽在鳥兒被孵化出來之前,就可能教它們啼叫(teach their young to sing）。通過對比畫線部分的前后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里說的是與人類相比,鳥媽媽在胎教方面表現(xiàn)得最好（be the

42、best)，因此選B。13What are Kleindorfers findings based on？ASimilarities between the calls of moms and chicks。BThe observation of fairy wrens across Australia.CThe data collected from Queenslands locals.DControlled experiments on wrens and other birds。A細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)題干的Kleindorfers findings based on，我們知道本題詢問的是這

43、項(xiàng)研究成果建立的基礎(chǔ)，由此把答案定位在第三段和第四段首句（It turns out that。.）.顯示:鷦鷯幼鳥的叫聲與鳥媽媽的聲音也很相似。由此判斷,他的發(fā)現(xiàn)基于A項(xiàng)(鳥媽媽與幼鳥叫聲的相似之處).14Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _.Acan receive quality signalsBare in need of trainingCfit the environment betterDmake the loudest callC推理判斷題。文章最后兩段說，研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),叫

44、聲與鳥媽媽的聲音很接近的幼鳥得到的食物最多（the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food），這表明，有效的胎教能夠把孩子神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)發(fā)信號給母親(signal neurological strengths of children to parents）。從這些信息判斷,胎教能幫助鳥媽媽識(shí)別出更能適應(yīng)環(huán)境的幼鳥,因此選C項(xiàng)。寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1adventure n冒險(xiǎn)2astronaut n宇航員3badge n徽章4principle n原則5dow

45、ned adj。被擊落的6apparently adv.明顯地7previous adj.以前的8chemical adj。化學(xué)的9compound n復(fù)合物10exchange v交換11intentional adj.故意的12hatch v孵化13observe v注意14emerge v出現(xiàn)；暴露。根據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1graduate v畢業(yè)2double adj.兩倍的3enemy n敵人4serious adj.嚴(yán)重的5quality n質(zhì)量。根據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1hunger n饑餓hungry adj.饑餓的2responsible adj。有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的 resp

46、onsibility n責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)3employ vt。雇用；利用（時(shí)間、精力等) employment n雇用；利用4industry n工業(yè)industrial adj。工業(yè)的；產(chǎn)業(yè)的5smell n味道smelly adj. 有臭味的6similar adj.同樣的;類似的similarity n相似；類似7serve v端上（飯菜等）service n服務(wù)；兵役。根據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1wind_up_結(jié)束2so_far直到目前3for_short作為簡稱4in_effect事實(shí)上5back_and_forth來回；往返 即時(shí)演練單句語法填空1The government aims

47、to improve pubic services(service），especially education。2He is an explorer（explore)3My income has_doubled_(double） in the past two years because of my hard work.4Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations_have_been_employed （employ） only since the mid1980s。5Therefore，lets take the responsibil

48、ity (responsible） to build up a low.carbon city by riding bicycles.6It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously （previous） feared.7Each product was of good quality and won the praise and trust of customers.8The injured in the earthquake have received timely tre

49、atment in the hospital.9Not until the river was seriously polluted did the local government realize the problem.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思）1At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets， learn about space tasks and try simulated(模擬) flying to space with t

50、he crew from all over the world。發(fā)射2Almost half of that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋場)， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.結(jié)束3What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds， VOCs for short。噴出，釋放.似易實(shí)難（將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語）1If youre looking for a uniq

51、ue adventure， the Space and Aviation Center(SAC） is the place to be。譯文如果你在尋找一次與眾不同的探險(xiǎn)之旅，太空航天中心正是你該去的地方/是個(gè)不可不去的地方。2The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands.on tasks and lots of fun。譯文該中心提供的計(jì)劃旨在利用實(shí)踐任務(wù)和大量的樂趣進(jìn)行自我挑戰(zhàn)和啟發(fā)。復(fù)雜晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1They come to camp, wanting to know wh

52、at it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real。world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom。分析本句是由and連接的并列句，即they come to camp和they leave with.。第一個(gè)分句中wanting to know是狀語,what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot是know的賓語從句,其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是to be an astronaut o

53、r a pilot。第二個(gè)分句中,with短語是狀語，其中賓語從句what theyre studying in the classroom是介詞for的賓語。譯文他們來到露營地，想知道當(dāng)宇航員或飛行員是什么感覺，然后帶著這些實(shí)際應(yīng)用知識(shí)回到他們的知識(shí)課堂.2Jennifer DeBruyn， a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee， who was not involved in the study， says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylen

54、e。分析本句是復(fù)合句。主句是Jennifer DeBruyn says，it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene是賓語從句，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語.a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee是Jennifer DeBruyn的同位語，who則引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句.譯文Jennifer_DeBruyn是田納西大學(xué)的微生物學(xué)家，她沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究，但她說那種蟲子能分解聚乙烯其實(shí)并不奇怪。3The damage is usually more

55、serious on the first plant， but the neighbors, relatively speaking， stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.分析本句是由but連接的并列句，第一個(gè)分句是簡單句，第二個(gè)分句是復(fù)合句，其中relatively speaking是插入語，because 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，what to do是what they should do的省略形式.譯文通常最早遭受蟲害的植物損失最嚴(yán)重，而周圍的植物，相對來說安全的多，因?yàn)樗麄兟牭搅司瘓?bào)而且知道該怎么做。4In ad

56、dition， the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.分析本句是復(fù)合句。the team set up a separate experiment是主句;that suggested.。是定語從句修飾先行詞experiment；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)suggested的賓語從句,從句中主語是the baby birds，謂語是were re

57、warded.。.，第三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the baby birds，that在從句中做主語，謂語部分是imitated their moms voice。譯文此外，研究小組還做了另外一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果表明，模仿媽媽聲音最像的雛鳥獲得的食物最多。1rescue v& n營救，拯救，救援(1）rescue sb。/sth.from 。.。從中救出某人/某物（2)come to sb.s rescuego/come to the rescue of sb.進(jìn)行援救，營救某人make a rescue 實(shí)施救援rescue me from an embarrassing situatio

58、n 給我解了圍dive from the bridge and rescue the drowning child 從橋上跳入水中去救那個(gè)溺水的孩子come to our rescue with a generous donation 慷慨解囊來解救我們基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)-單句語法填空The three children were rescued from the burning house by the brave firefighters yesterday。It was you who made a rescue in time, which gave us a second life。能力提升一

59、句多譯二十分鐘后,救援隊(duì)員到達(dá)現(xiàn)場來營救被困的礦工.Rescue workers arrived at the scene twenty minutes later to rescue_the_trapped _miners。（rescue v)Rescue workers arrived at the scene twenty minutes later to come_to_the_ rescue_of_the_trapped_miners.（rescue n）2react vi。(化學(xué)）反應(yīng)；發(fā)生作用(1）react to 對作出反應(yīng)react with 與起（化學(xué))反應(yīng)react ag

60、ainst 反對；反抗；反叛react on/upon 對有影響(2)reaction n反應(yīng)in reaction to 對的反應(yīng)react angrily to the news of more job losses 對更多裁員的消息感到氣憤react on living expenses 對生活花費(fèi)造成影響react against the political system 反抗政治制度a natural reaction to such bad news 對這種壞消息的自然反應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(2019浙江卷)They were not sure how the Americans