定語(yǔ)從句-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、Attributive clauseAttributive clause慨念與構(gòu)成（含關(guān)系詞附錄）限制性與非限制性（含易錯(cuò)易考點(diǎn)）定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法詳講慨念與構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句又叫形容詞性從句，關(guān)系從句。是一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其語(yǔ)法功能多作定語(yǔ)。概念：構(gòu)成：The book that I bought yesterday was written by my teacher.我昨天買的那本書(shū)是我老師寫(xiě)的。 Book：先行詞 That：關(guān)系詞 I bought yesterday was written by my teacher：關(guān)系從句先行詞+關(guān)系詞+關(guān)系從句可以改成兩句話：I bough

2、t the book yesterday.The book was written by my teacher.注：關(guān)系詞附錄，點(diǎn)擊查看慨念與構(gòu)成附：范圍限定關(guān)系代詞成分人Who，that主語(yǔ)Who；whom；that賓語(yǔ)（可省略）物Whose定語(yǔ)Which；that賓語(yǔ)（可省略）Which；that主語(yǔ)范圍限定關(guān)系副詞成分方式The way that/in which/省略狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)Where（介詞+which）時(shí)間When（介詞+which）原因Why（for+which）限制性與非限制性一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句其先行詞是不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，若省略，所修飾的主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容就不完整或無(wú)意義。（主定間無(wú)逗號(hào)）1

3、、由引導(dǎo)詞直接引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句The man who youre talking to is my teacher. 跟你講話的人是我老師。He has two sons who work in the same company. 他的兩個(gè)兒子在同一家公司工作。不能省略掉關(guān)系詞“who，which”，若省略，原句不完整。Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 鐘是一種能告訴人們時(shí)間的儀器。2、由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)The man to whom youre talking is my teacher. 跟你講話的人是我老師

4、。I need a pen with which l can write a letter. 我需要一只能用來(lái)寫(xiě)信的筆。Where is the book which I bought this morning? 我早上買的書(shū)在哪？ 限制性與非限制性二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1、是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思和完整性。（主定間可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)）My mother,who is 50 this year,lives with me now. 我的母親50歲了，她現(xiàn)在和我住一起。The house, which I bought last month. 這是我上個(gè)月買的房子。如：2、先行詞由

5、專有名詞或名詞性物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)常用非限制性Tom Smith ,who was my former teacher,retired last month. 李老師上個(gè)月退休了，他曾是我的老師。The house, which I bought last month, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的房子帶有漂亮的院子。The novel, which I have read four times,is very touching. 這本我讀了四遍的小說(shuō)很感人。限制性與非限制性3、將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)He se

6、em not to have got what I meant,which upsets me. 他似乎沒(méi)明白我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@叫蒸發(fā)。注：不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性與非限制性先行詞指物，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用which/that引導(dǎo)。三、易考點(diǎn)只能用that的情況通常情況下，which與that可以互換，但以下情況只能用that1、先行詞是不定代詞all,must,little,something,everyone,an

7、ything,nothing,none,the one時(shí)You should hand in all that you have. 你應(yīng)該把所有東西上交。2、先行詞前被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等修飾時(shí)The only thing I can do is to give you some suggestions. 我唯一能做的就是給你點(diǎn)建議。3、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或其前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)This train is the first that will go to . 這是第一班去的火車。4、先行詞前是形容詞最高級(jí)或其前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This

8、is the most interesting movie that Ive ever seen. 這是我看過(guò)最好看的電影。5、主句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)which/who時(shí)Who is the student that missed the English examination？ 錯(cuò)過(guò)英語(yǔ)考試的哪個(gè)學(xué)生？6、先行詞既有物又有人時(shí)Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們討論的是什么事什么人嗎？7、先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞也作表語(yǔ)時(shí)Shenzhen is no longer the city that i

9、t used to be. 深圳不再是以前的深圳了。8、有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一個(gè)已用which，另外一個(gè)用thatThey built a factory which produced things that could cause pollution. 他們建造了一個(gè)造成污染的工廠。限制性與非限制性三、易考點(diǎn)指人時(shí)用one，不宜用which的情況1、先行詞是one/ones/anyoneThe comrade I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works hard.我要向努力學(xué)習(xí)努力工作的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。Anyone who break

10、s the law should be punished. 任何犯法的人都會(huì)受到懲罰。2、先行詞是theseThese who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.3、these be 句型These is a student who wants to see you. 有個(gè)學(xué)生想見(jiàn)你。限制性與非限制性4、句子帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)則用who。The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)

11、系代詞的用法一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法1、that，which先行詞指物，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，注意只能用that不能用which的情況。2、who，whom先行詞指人，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，用who/that，不能省略；先行詞指人，且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，用whom/that/who，可以省略He is the boy who lives next door. 他是住在隔壁的男孩。Thats the boy (whom/that) I meet. 我碰到的男孩是他。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法3、whose不管先行詞指人還是物，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)

12、時(shí)，用whose，不可省略。This is my teacher whose achievements are well known. 這個(gè)獲得了眾所周知的成就的人是我老師。This is the house whose door broken last month. 這個(gè)上個(gè)月門被破壞的房子。拓展：This is the house whose door broken last month.可改寫(xiě)為：This is the house of which the door broke last month.或是This is the house, the door of which broke

13、 last month. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法4、介詞+which/whom 1)當(dāng)介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom（前者指人，后者指物），不能省略。In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。注意：在某些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)中，介詞與動(dòng)詞不可分割，介詞不能在關(guān)系代詞前。如： this is the book(which/that) Im looking for. 這是我在找的書(shū)。不可說(shuō)成： this is the bo

14、ok for which Im looking2)當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句末尾時(shí)，可用that/which（物），that/whom/who（人）作為從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ) 作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可省略。This is the person(that/who/whom) we are proud for. 這是我們崇敬的人。This is the pen (that/which) I wrote letter with. 這是我寫(xiě)信的筆定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法5、asAs引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與such，so，the same，as連用。He will buy the same pen as you have.

15、他要買和你一樣的筆They have found such material as are used in my factory. 他們找到了我的工廠用的那種材料。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法1、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不可用that，指物時(shí)只能用which；which還可替代主句的內(nèi)容或行為。2、存在結(jié)構(gòu)“代詞/名詞+介詞（of）+which/whom”Last month I bought an ancient book,the price of which was very reasonable. 上個(gè)月我買了一本古書(shū)，價(jià)格很合理。 She was much k

16、inder to her older son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.她對(duì)她大兒子比其他兒子好，當(dāng)然，其他兒子很羨慕他。 3、介詞短語(yǔ)復(fù)合+關(guān)系代詞which/whom，從句內(nèi)語(yǔ)序倒裝。She lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree. 她所居住的大房子的前面有高大的樹(shù)。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法4、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1）as既可以在主句前，有可以在主句后，還可以插入主句；which一般在主句后。The w

17、eather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. 天氣變得出乎我們預(yù)料的好。As known to us, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 眾所周知，月球每月繞地球一周。相當(dāng)于：the moon travels round the earth once every month,as/which is known to us.還可以變成名詞性從句： It is known to us the that the moon travels round the earth once ever m