Chapter2商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、review翻譯基本方法音譯 Transliteration直譯 Literal Translation (word-for-word translation) 意譯 Free Translation (sense-for-sense translation) 藝術(shù)加工第1頁(yè)意譯Sure, Bob, everybody talks about empowerment, but when the rubber hits the road, the bosses demand to have the last word.譯文：當(dāng)然，Bob， 每個(gè)人都在談?wù)摲艡?quán)，但真正開(kāi)始執(zhí)行總要等老板最終決議。W

2、hat foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the drivers seat.譯文：令外商感到鼓舞是意識(shí)形態(tài)不再左右一切了。第2頁(yè)課堂練習(xí)Floating policy is actually a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended.floating policy 總保險(xiǎn)單; 指用以承包多批次貨運(yùn)一個(gè)連續(xù)性長(zhǎng)久保險(xiǎn)憑證，常譯為“統(tǒng)保單”。譯

3、：統(tǒng)保單是貨物保險(xiǎn)一個(gè)便利方法,適合分不一樣時(shí)間出口一批類(lèi)似貨物。第3頁(yè)2. Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.without prejudice to相當(dāng)于

4、without affecting，意為“在不損害標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下”，“在不影響情況下”等等。譯：在不影響按適使用方法律或分包協(xié)議享受任何權(quán)利情況下，承包商有權(quán)扣留或暫緩支付承包商應(yīng)付給分包商全部或部分到期金額。 第4頁(yè)Chapter 2商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧Translation Skills第5頁(yè)Translation skills2.1 英譯漢詞匯翻譯句子翻譯2.2 漢譯英詞匯翻譯句子翻譯第6頁(yè)2.1 英譯漢 accept maturityProvided you fulfill the terms of the credit, we will accept and pay at maturity da

5、te. accept:承兌，認(rèn)付（匯票等）maturity: 期滿(mǎn)在貴企業(yè)推行信用證條款條件下，我行將承兌并于期滿(mǎn)時(shí)支付信用證項(xiàng)下提醒匯票。一詞多義第7頁(yè) outstanding settlementRegarding our outstanding account US $6,000, we must request you to send us immediately your check in settlement. outstanding: 未完結(jié)，未清，未付settlement: 支付，結(jié)帳相關(guān)未付賬6，000美元，請(qǐng)馬上寄來(lái)支票，方便結(jié)帳。第8頁(yè)Starbucks annual t

6、urnover is 60 million yuan.That company has a fast turnover because of poor working conditions.turnover: 營(yíng)業(yè)額；人員更換率第9頁(yè)一詞多義現(xiàn)象翻譯 依據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定詞義We are sorry to say we had to lodge a claim against you to cover our loss and hope you will take action immediately. 十分遺憾地奉告，我方不得不向你方提出索賠以填補(bǔ)我方損失，并希望盡快落實(shí)。This is the b

7、alance to cover the check.這是準(zhǔn)備用來(lái)交付支票存款余額。第10頁(yè)Case Study Once the jewels were safely locked up in the bank he had no more anxieties about their security.He gave his house as a security.Treasury securities are revalued daily.security: 安全; 抵押品，擔(dān)保品; 證券，債券第11頁(yè)依據(jù)專(zhuān)業(yè)確定詞義They give 10% discount for cash payme

8、nt.The exporter may take the accepted bill to a discount bank before the maturity if he is in urgent need of the amount of money. 出口商假如急需用這筆錢(qián),他能夠把這個(gè)承兌了匯票拿去貼現(xiàn)銀行貼現(xiàn)。If the forward exchange rate is higher than the spot rate, we call it forward premium, and if it is lower, we call it forward discount. 假如

9、遠(yuǎn)期匯率比即期匯率高，我們稱(chēng)之為遠(yuǎn)期升水;假如遠(yuǎn)期比即期低，我們稱(chēng)之為遠(yuǎn)期貼水。 discount 貼現(xiàn)銀行貼現(xiàn)（銀行金融）貼水（金融外匯）第12頁(yè)依據(jù)搭配關(guān)系確定詞義The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets.上述報(bào)價(jià)商品均為暢銷(xiāo)貨物，它們已在世界各地市場(chǎng)上贏得很高聲譽(yù)。The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended without the agreemen

10、t by both parties.本協(xié)議中所列條款未經(jīng)雙方一致同意不得變動(dòng)和修改。article: 商品；條款第13頁(yè)Case Study The dollars remain strong against several important currencies. Canada is the biggest U.S. trading partner, accounting for more than 20% of both exports and imports, and the Canadian dollar is at all time low against the U.S. dol

11、lar.美元對(duì)幾個(gè)國(guó)家貨幣保持堅(jiān)挺。加拿大是美國(guó)最大貿(mào)易搭檔，占了美國(guó)進(jìn)出口總額20%。當(dāng)前加元對(duì)美元比價(jià)處于歷史最低點(diǎn)。第14頁(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)性 普通詞匯，特殊意義In order to market our new product, we have printed fine literature.literature普通英語(yǔ)中，文學(xué);商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中，printedmatters,including leaflets,instruction,productcatalogue, price list, etc. (文字宣傳資料，諸如產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)、產(chǎn)品目錄、價(jià)目表等)第15頁(yè)However, the tarif

12、f should not be greater in amount that the margin of price caused by dumping.譯文:不過(guò)，(反傾銷(xiāo))關(guān)稅稅額不應(yīng)比因傾銷(xiāo)而取得毛利潤(rùn)高。dumping，在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域被引申為“傾銷(xiāo)”。margin，在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中有“利潤(rùn)、毛額、押金、確保金”意義。第16頁(yè)When Peter Welch, president of Cussons Polska and Uroda SA, arrived at Cussons newly acquired factory in Poland in 1993, he discovered th

13、at the concept of teamwork didnt exist.acquire 在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中，“收購(gòu)”當(dāng)卡森波蘭企業(yè)和烏諾達(dá)股份有限企業(yè)總裁彼得維奇剛到在波蘭新并購(gòu)工廠時(shí)， 他發(fā)覺(jué)那兒根本不存在團(tuán)體合作概念。 注釋:Uroda SA: 烏諾達(dá)股份有限企業(yè)。SA 是法語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也寫(xiě)成 或S.A.。意思是“股份有限企業(yè)”。第17頁(yè)半專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯The bill of exchange shall be accepted first and then can be honored by the acceptor.honor ，“兌現(xiàn)、承付”意思。該匯票應(yīng)先承兌，然后由承兌方進(jìn)行支付。第18頁(yè)

14、If all the terms and conditions in the credit are not complied with, the exporter may run the risk of his draft being dishonored by the bank.商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中， dishonor 指銀行“退票、拒付”。假如信用證條款不一致，出口商匯票有可 能遭到銀行拒付。第19頁(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯lot Labels: labels attached to each piece of multiple lot shipment for identification purposes. L

15、ot Labels: 貨票標(biāo)簽貨票標(biāo)簽：給多批貨物每件貼上標(biāo)簽方便于識(shí)別。第20頁(yè)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)賠償房屋出租財(cái)產(chǎn)出租停業(yè)貨幣升值premiumindemnitytenancy lease of propertywind up/cease a businessappreciation of money 第21頁(yè)作業(yè)：The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller

16、 overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum, such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller. The articles of our immediate interest are your “CHON-HOI” brand Agricultural Washing Machines.（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率）被保險(xiǎn)貨物逾

17、期利息興趣第22頁(yè)2.1.2 句子翻譯（p18） 拆句法詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法必定否定轉(zhuǎn)換譯法語(yǔ)序重組法省譯法增譯法重復(fù)法第23頁(yè)1. 拆句法If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallin

18、demnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第24頁(yè)協(xié)議復(fù)合句分析方法首先，找出全句主干結(jié)構(gòu)；其次，要找出句子中全部謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句引導(dǎo)詞；然后再分析從句和短句功效；最終，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入語(yǔ)等其它成份。第25頁(yè)If

19、 a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages

20、, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第一步，拆分句子：If a Party breaches in Articles 18.1then in addition to Applicable lawsit shall indemnify and costs, expenses, liabilities and claimsthat such Party or as a result of such breach.第

21、26頁(yè)If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, da

22、mages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.第二步，句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)（It）（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形）（shall indemnify and keep indemnifiedagainst） 賓語(yǔ)（the other Party and the Company）；“if”引導(dǎo)是條件從句，條件句賓語(yǔ)部分跟隨即置定語(yǔ)（given by it in Articles 18. 1 ）；“in additi

23、on to”引導(dǎo)是增補(bǔ)成份，其關(guān)鍵詞remedies也跟了后置定語(yǔ)（available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws）；而“that”引導(dǎo)則是后置定語(yǔ)修飾緊鄰五個(gè)名詞；固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb. against ”使某人不受第27頁(yè)If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies

24、available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shallindemnifyand keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach. 假如一方違反任何其依據(jù)第18.1

25、條所做陳說(shuō)或擔(dān)保，則另一方除依據(jù)本協(xié)議或適使用方法律尋求任何可能救助之外，違約方應(yīng)該賠償另一方或合營(yíng)企業(yè)所以種違約行為而招致任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開(kāi)支、責(zé)任或索賠。第28頁(yè)practiceThe Buyer may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the Seller for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor

26、.分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單長(zhǎng)句，其主干為T(mén)he Buyers maylodge a claim。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)有三個(gè)：a.分別表示時(shí)間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和c.目標(biāo)for short-weight譯文：貨物抵達(dá)目標(biāo)港15天內(nèi)，買(mǎi)方能夠憑有信譽(yù)公共檢驗(yàn)員出示檢驗(yàn)證實(shí)向賣(mài)方提出短重索賠。第29頁(yè)作業(yè)（拆句）In order to facil

27、itate business in consideration of the present monetary stringency（銀根緊）, the corporation, on behalf of which I am studying this proposition, is willing to base transaction on trade by barter（易貨貿(mào)易） and would import any articles, which you would ship to the United States.直譯：為便于交易，考慮到最近銀根很緊，本人正在研究這筆交易所

28、代表企業(yè)希望以易貨貿(mào)易為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行交易，并進(jìn)口你方能運(yùn)到美國(guó)任何商品。拆句組合后：最近銀根很緊，為尋求達(dá)成交易，本人代表企業(yè)正在研究怎樣做成這筆交易。我們希望以易貨貿(mào)易為基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)口你方能運(yùn)到美國(guó)任何商品。第30頁(yè)2. He is a good observer. 3. Access to the Internet is very simple. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已經(jīng)用來(lái)探索宇宙。他善于觀察。 上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很簡(jiǎn)單。 Nylon is nearly twice as strong

29、as natural silk. 尼龍強(qiáng)度尼龍強(qiáng)度幾乎是天然絲兩倍。2. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法第31頁(yè) 將英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，譯文更符合漢語(yǔ)表示習(xí)慣。因?yàn)榕c英語(yǔ)相比，漢語(yǔ)句子中動(dòng)詞用得多，除了大量動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)外，還有很多連動(dòng)式、兼語(yǔ)式等兩個(gè)以上動(dòng)詞連用現(xiàn)象。所以，英語(yǔ)中不少詞類(lèi)，如名詞、動(dòng)名詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞等在英譯漢時(shí)往往需要進(jìn)行一定調(diào)整，轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)然，英語(yǔ)名詞化和漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞化并不排除在英譯漢時(shí)把英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語(yǔ)名詞，再如：美國(guó)與德國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商在歐洲市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)得異常激烈，迫使我們不得不改變投資計(jì)劃。（英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）Extremely keen competition between

30、 American and German vehicle manufacturers in the European market has compelled us to change our investment plan. 第32頁(yè)A government report targets earnings from industry at US $ 200 billion by . The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production. 政府一份匯報(bào)提出一個(gè)指標(biāo)：到，要使工業(yè)收入到達(dá) 2

31、 000 億美元。（英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)名詞） 經(jīng)過(guò)批量生產(chǎn)能夠大幅度降低生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品成本。（英語(yǔ)介詞轉(zhuǎn)化成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） Before World War II the most successful attempt to reduce tariffs by reciprocal bargaining was the trade agreements program of the United States, which was limited, however, by its bilateral nature. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，經(jīng)過(guò)相互談判降低關(guān)稅最成功努力是美國(guó)貿(mào)易協(xié)定計(jì)劃，不過(guò)這一計(jì)劃受其雙

32、邊性質(zhì)限制。（英語(yǔ)代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)名詞）第33頁(yè)Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life. The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will be able to guarantee our competitive edge in the international market. 廣告對(duì)當(dāng)代生活方方面面產(chǎn)生極大影響。（英語(yǔ)副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)形容詞）我方各種各樣產(chǎn)品價(jià)格公平，品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，能夠確保在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

33、（英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)形容詞）。 第34頁(yè)I have the honor to inform you that the new products of yours have entered the international markets. 我榮幸地告訴你，貴企業(yè)新產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)打入了國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。（名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞）Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. 林則徐認(rèn)為，要成功地禁止鴉片，就得首先把鴉片焚毀。（形

34、容詞+名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞 +動(dòng)詞，名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞） 1. Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance. （形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞；介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞） 繼承權(quán)男女平等。第35頁(yè)There must be less empty talk and more hard work. For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of

35、 manufactured goods.（名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞） 一定要少說(shuō)空話，多做工作。（形容詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞動(dòng)詞） 二十年來(lái)我們坐視原材料價(jià)格下跌與工業(yè)品價(jià)格暴漲（情況）。第36頁(yè)Amplification (增詞法) 3. 增減法（Amplification & Pruning ） By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language tra

36、nslated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semantic complet

37、ionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.第37頁(yè) 增詞法（Amplification）：增補(bǔ)同義詞增補(bǔ)范圍詞增補(bǔ)產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)第38頁(yè)晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂(lè)會(huì)、觀看乒乓球演出之后，他還得起草最終公報(bào)。2. Our product is indeed cheap and fine.我們產(chǎn)品物美價(jià)廉。 3. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact

38、 man.讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，寫(xiě)作使人準(zhǔn)確。 Warm upIn the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 第39頁(yè)增補(bǔ)同義詞 增詞法The innovation of products is one of the reform measures of the SOEs because it can decrease loss, cost and budget.

39、產(chǎn)品革新是國(guó)企改革辦法之一，因?yàn)樗軌蚪档蛽p失、降低成本并削減預(yù)算。假如直譯成：“產(chǎn)品革新是國(guó)企改革辦法之一，因?yàn)樗軌蚪档蛽p失、成本和預(yù)算?！蹦敲矗渲小敖档汀焙汀俺杀尽贝钆渚筒煌桩?dāng)，所以有必要增補(bǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)詞匯。第40頁(yè)practiceInvestor confidence is crucial to the success of our economic system.投資者信心對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)體系成功運(yùn)行至關(guān)主要。Both the buyer and the seller are busy at negotiations of business, contract and draft. 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方

40、正忙于交易磋商，合約談判和匯票議付。假如直譯為：“買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方正忙于交易，合約和匯票磋商?！蹦敲矗按枭獭焙汀昂霞s”及“匯票”搭配也不準(zhǔn)確，所以，需要譯者依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)搭配習(xí)慣做出增補(bǔ)。第41頁(yè)增補(bǔ)范圍詞 在英譯漢過(guò)程中考慮到漢語(yǔ)表示習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常增加范圍詞有：方法、辦法、情況、情緒、狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)象、方面、問(wèn)題、關(guān)系、工作等。The changes of requirements for the commodities in the market are affected by the internal and external factors.影響市場(chǎng)對(duì)商品需求改變情況有內(nèi)因和外因兩方面原因。 假如直譯就是：

41、影響市場(chǎng)對(duì)商品需求改變有內(nèi)因和外因兩方面。但若添加范圍詞“情況”、“方面”等來(lái)修飾對(duì)應(yīng)抽象名詞，changes和 factors 愈加詳細(xì)、明確，符合漢語(yǔ)修辭需要。第42頁(yè)practiceThe tension in the Middle East has attracted much attention. 中東擔(dān)心局勢(shì)已引發(fā)了全世界廣泛關(guān)注。The terms of the contract must be clear, definite, certain and complete. 協(xié)議條款必須書(shū)寫(xiě)清楚、意思明確、語(yǔ)氣必定、內(nèi)容完備。 Unless these issues are add

42、ressed as a matter of urgency, the consequent de-motivation of staff will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the performance of the company. 假如這些問(wèn)題得不到緊急處理，員工隊(duì)伍中隨之出現(xiàn)消極怠工情緒無(wú)疑將對(duì)企業(yè)整個(gè)運(yùn)行業(yè)績(jī)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。第43頁(yè) 混亂局面 飽和狀態(tài) 廢物回收利用 準(zhǔn)備工作 管理部門(mén) 冗員，多出信息 補(bǔ)救辦法 處理方案 修改方案 有利地位 落后狀態(tài) .confusion saturation recycling preparation

43、 management redundancy remedies solution modification advantage backwardness 第44頁(yè) 說(shuō)服工作 擔(dān)心局勢(shì) 自滿(mǎn)情緒 瘋狂行為 敵對(duì)態(tài)度褻瀆行為軍事,政治,經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面 .persuasion tension arrogance madnessantagonismprofanitymilitarily, politically and economically第45頁(yè)增補(bǔ)產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)詞義對(duì)于英文中缺失產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)，翻譯時(shí)有時(shí)要依據(jù)詳細(xì)情況增補(bǔ)出來(lái)。如：The price which society pays for the la

44、w of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great.社會(huì)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則付出代價(jià)，如同它為廉價(jià)舒適家用商品和高檔消費(fèi)品代價(jià)一樣巨大。 comfort 和 luxury 都是抽象名詞，但在組成復(fù)數(shù)后，詞義就詳細(xì)化了。不然該句就會(huì)產(chǎn)生這么誤譯：社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則付出代價(jià)如同它為廉價(jià)舒適和奢侈付出代價(jià)一樣巨大。第46頁(yè)The five Toyota, twenty Hitachi and thirty Fuji Xerox have long been ready for shipment

45、, but shipment cannot be effected because of the late arrival of your L/C. 5輛豐田牌汽車(chē)，20臺(tái)日立牌電視機(jī)和30臺(tái)富士施樂(lè)牌復(fù)印機(jī)早已備妥待運(yùn)，但因你方信用證延遲抵達(dá)，貨物不能按期裝運(yùn)。 原文中Toyota，Hitachi，Xerox都為世界著名品牌，在翻譯時(shí)要按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣使用方法把他們產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)補(bǔ)充完整，才能使譯文詳細(xì)明了。 第47頁(yè)4. 減詞法（Omission or pruning）to leave out some unnecessary words.One of the differences in synta

46、x between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block” in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition ar

47、e usually omitted in translation.See examples:第48頁(yè)A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence.鄰居之間為了籬笆高度惹起了一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論。鄰居為籬笆高低有過(guò)爭(zhēng)論。（思果，譯道探微，中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版企業(yè)，） P149。Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win.打得贏就打;打不贏就走。第49頁(yè)It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone t

48、he visit which I had intended to pay to China in May. I was delighted when, as a result of the effort of your company, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.原打算五月份訪華，后不得不推遲，深感失望。因?yàn)橘F企業(yè)努力，訪問(wèn)這么快得以重新安排，非常高興。 減詞是指將原文中需要、而譯文中又不需要詞語(yǔ)省去。減省詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)是那些在譯文中保留下來(lái)反而使行文累贅嚕嗦、且不合漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言表示習(xí)慣詞語(yǔ)。減詞普通用于以下兩種情況：一是從語(yǔ)

49、法角度進(jìn)行減省；二是從修飾角度進(jìn)行減省，但總體效果無(wú)非是在更透徹地了解原文基礎(chǔ)上更流暢地表示出來(lái)。第50頁(yè)A teacher should have patience in his work. The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?” （省略冠詞）當(dāng)老師應(yīng)該有耐心。（省略冠詞） 產(chǎn)品出廠前應(yīng)該進(jìn)行抽樣質(zhì)

50、檢。（省略介詞和名詞） 我心里在嘀咕：“對(duì)不起，我有什么舉止行為冒犯你了嗎？”With the weather so stuffy, ten to one itll rain presently. 天這么悶，很可能就要下雨了。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. （省略介詞） 報(bào)考大學(xué)人中，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)優(yōu)先錄用。第51頁(yè)Unless you propose something definite together with larger impro

51、vement on your price, we are not inclined to place a large order.Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.Deliverymust be effectedwithin the time stated on the purchase order.We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipm

52、ent of themerchandise.作業(yè)第52頁(yè)Unless you propose something definite together with larger improvement on your price, we are not inclined to place a large order. 除非你方提供詳細(xì)提議，并較大幅度地降低價(jià)格，不然，我們是不會(huì)大批訂貨。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 雙方均不得無(wú)故解除協(xié)議。Deliverymust be eff

53、ectedwithin the time stated on the purchase order.必須在購(gòu)貨單要求時(shí)間交貨。We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of themerchandise. 茲奉告，該商品可即期裝運(yùn)。作業(yè)第53頁(yè)重復(fù)法（repetition）We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)怎樣分析問(wèn)題和處理問(wèn)題。The big company has its disadvantages. 大企業(yè)有大企業(yè)難處。Managing multinationals