【翻譯講座】英漢翻譯技巧句子的翻譯課件

1、【翻譯講座】英漢翻譯技巧句子的翻譯【翻譯講座】英漢翻譯技巧句子的翻譯I.分句法1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. (adv.）他們根本沒有答復(fù)，這是不足為奇的。第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 在進行英漢翻譯時，有時我們可以把原文的整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)保存下來或稍加些許改動即可。但在多數(shù)情況下，需對原句子作較大的改動以符合目的語的表達習(xí)慣。分句法和合句法就是改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種重要的方法。所謂分句法就是把原文一個簡單的句子分譯成兩個或兩個以上的句子。所謂合句法就是把原文中兩個或兩個以上的簡單句或一個復(fù)合句在譯文中用一個句子表達起來。Divis

2、ion（拆譯法）I.分句法第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 2. She wished she were at Kangding. Ordinarily, she would have been here two hours ago. ( adv.) 她真愿意那時已在康定。要是在平常的日子里，她早已到康定三個小時了。3. Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 史密斯先生沒有表露自己的感情，只是察言觀色，心領(lǐng)神會，這是他的特點。第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 2. She wished

3、 she were at Kang II. 合句法A. 把原文中兩個或以上的簡單句（Simple Sentence）譯成一個句子1. There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from Sichuan.從全國各地來的人中有許多是四川人。2. He was very clean. His mind was open.他為人單純而坦率。第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 II. 合句法第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 3. If we do a thing, we should do it well.我們要干就干好。4. I

4、t was in mid-September, and the new students attended the military training under the blazing sun.九月中旬，新生在驕陽下軍訓(xùn)。5. Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.家，闊別了七年的家，這個詞對他是多么親切??！B. 把原文中的主從復(fù)合句（Complex Sentence）譯 成一句 如例3第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 3. If we do a thing, we shouldAmericans prid

5、e themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day t

6、o night and from summer to winter.Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 練習(xí) Americans pride themselves on The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow even greater with the beginning of a new century.Gro

7、wing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more than 8 million.Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the

8、 US.第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 練習(xí) The importance of strengthenin美國人有獨立的精神，有自主的權(quán)利，并為此感到自豪。電視普及，盜版問題嚴重，導(dǎo)致了電影業(yè)的衰落。由于受季風(fēng)影響，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，溫差很小。與大部分工業(yè)化國家相比，美國人休假時間短，休假次數(shù)少。隨著新世紀的開始，加強美中關(guān)系變得越來越重要。某些產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動力日益短缺，將使工人更有權(quán)利要求較高的工資。紐約已經(jīng)成為西方世界最具影響力的大城市之一，目前人口已達800萬。雖然美國是個富裕的國家，但全國仍然存在著貧窮和嚴重的收入差別問題。第五章：翻譯技巧（下）拆譯法 練習(xí)答案 美國人有

9、獨立的精神，有自主的權(quán)利，并為此感到自豪。第五章：翻定語從句的翻譯 狀語從句的翻譯名詞性從句的翻譯常見句型的翻譯: 第六章：常見句型的翻譯 定語從句的翻譯 常見句型的翻譯: 第六章：常見句型的翻譯 Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate transla

10、tion of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attributive and there cant be too man

11、y modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.定語從句的譯法第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 Attributive clauses are wiI、譯成前置定語 一般說來，限制性的定語從句可提前譯成定語。還有一些定語從句，雖然并不明顯地帶有限制性質(zhì)，但本身較短，和被修飾語的關(guān)系緊密，也可譯成前置定語。1. To be sure, a great rebuilding projec

12、t would give jobs to many of those people who need them.誠然，一個宏偉的重建計劃也許能為許多需要工作的人提供就業(yè)機會。2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. 這是剛從前線回來的戰(zhàn)士。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 I、譯成前置定語第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 3. 成都 一個你來了就不想離開的城市。 ChengduA city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival.4. In recent y

13、ears, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems.可是，近幾年來人們開始意識到城市也是問題成堆的地方。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 3. 成都第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 當然，有些起附加說明作用的非限制性定語從句，對先行詞也有不同程度的修飾限制作用，有時也可以譯為前置定語。5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all it

14、s splendor.那個整天躲在云層里的太陽,現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了。6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 當然，有些起附加說明作用的非限制性定語從句，對先II . 譯成后置定語 A、一些結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，或者意思上有較強的獨立性的限制性定語從句，通?？勺g為后置的并列句。采取這種譯法往往要重復(fù)關(guān)系代詞所代替的詞，比如：有時可在此詞之

15、前加指示詞“這”、“這些”或人稱代詞“他”、“他們”等等，來使譯文明確。7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本書旨在為寫作提供范例，可以說寫作是一個難題。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 II . 譯成后置定語第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.物質(zhì)是由分子組成的，而分子

16、又是由原子組成的。9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem.聽著， 我遇見一個人，這個人說你是有權(quán)解決這個問題的。10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光來自太陽，太陽是一團熾熱、發(fā)光的氣體。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 8. Matter is composed of moleB、 非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞加以說明，描述或解釋，或?qū)φ麄€句子所陳述的事實或現(xiàn)象加以

17、總結(jié)、補充說明，其前都有逗號分開。在漢譯時一般譯為后置并列分句。如：11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.他把一切錯誤都歸罪于我，我認為這很不公平。12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American. 這些書是我在美國買,它們在我的藏書中只占一小部分。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 B、 非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞13. She was very patien

18、t towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她對孩子們很耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief.他們對那些酬勞看來是很得意的，那些酬勞是他們歷經(jīng)千辛萬苦，通過取得令人難以置信的勝利得來的。 第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 13. She was very pa

19、tient towar15. I told the story to John, who(=and he) told it to his brother. 我把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。這種采取后置的辦法來處理非限制性定語從句，一般也使用指示代詞來重復(fù)英語關(guān)系代詞所代表的含義。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 15. I told the story to John, 16. There are many people who want to select this major. 許多人要選這個專業(yè)。17. There is a man downstairs who want

20、s to see you.樓下有人要見你。III、溶合譯法溶合法就是把原句子中的主語和定語從句溶合在一起譯成一個獨立句子的翻譯方法。另外，由于限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系密切，所以，限制性定語從句似乎更適合采用溶合法。英語中突出的 “there be” 句型就是這樣處理的。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 16. There are many people who 18.You are the only person who could do it.只有你才能做這件事。 19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college.他有個二十歲的兒

21、子現(xiàn)在正上大學(xué)。 20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. 這是我第一次和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)發(fā)生嚴重糾葛。第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 18.You are the only person whIV. 譯成狀語 有些定語從句從形式上看是定語，但在意義上與主句有邏輯狀語關(guān)系，對主句其原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步等狀語作用，翻譯時應(yīng)盡可能按照其語法功能，譯成與漢語相對應(yīng)的復(fù)句。21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is of

22、ten called an electronic brain.由于計算機起著類似人腦的作用，所以常常被稱作電腦。（譯成原因狀從）22. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of.第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 IV. 譯成狀語第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.羅斯服了中藥，結(jié)果緩解了癥狀。（譯成結(jié)果狀從）24. There is no bad habit

23、that may not be cured by a strong willpower.只要有堅強的意志，就沒有什么壞習(xí)慣改不掉。（譯成條件狀從） 25. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwreck.這位女記者想寫篇文章， 以便能夠引起公眾對那起沉船事件的注意。（譯成目的狀語從句）第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 23. Rose took Chinese medicineA rocket engine can work in space where the

24、re is no air.She has invited me to visit her family, which is very kind of her .He would be a short-sighted man who did not look beyond.There is something original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. Here is the man whom you have been looking for.Our two countries are ne

25、ighbors whose friendship is of long standing.第六章：常見句型的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 練習(xí) A rocket engine can work in sp I. 按照原文順序譯出狀語從句1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖氣關(guān)上了。2. As far as I know, there isnt such a word in English. 據(jù)我所知， 英語里并沒有這個單詞。狀語從句的翻譯第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 I. 按照原文順序譯出狀語從句狀語從句的

26、翻譯第六章3. Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers.哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在興建大批的水電站。4. Wherever you work, you must always serve the people whole-heartedly. 不論你在哪里工作，你一直都要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 3. Where water resources are p5. Though he was defeated

27、 in the election, he became famous for his fiery speeches against slavery.雖然他競選失敗了，卻以其反對蓄奴制度的激烈演說而出了名。II. 狀語從句譯在主句之前6. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business.除非她有急事，她一定回來的。第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 5. Though he was defeated in t7. Please turn off the light when you leave the dormitory. 離開宿

28、舍，請關(guān)上電燈。8. I will never give in, no matter what happens. 不管怎么樣，我永遠也不會屈服。9. You should not get off until the bus stops.車未停穩(wěn)之前，你不要下車。10. It was better in case they were captured.第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 7. Please turn off the light wIII. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯成其他類型的狀語從句11. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails.

29、在體力做不到的時候，技巧和耐心會幫助人成功。（地點狀從譯為時間狀從）12. Though not in substance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution.如果不就內(nèi)容而就形式而言，經(jīng)濟改革首先就是一場全國性的革命。（讓步狀從譯為條件狀從）13. Why did you give up when you could make it?既然你能成功，干嘛要放棄呢？（時間狀從譯為讓步狀從） 第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 III. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)譯成其他類型的狀語從句11. Skill14.

30、If you can come, Ill be only too glad.你要能來，我就太高興了。（條件狀從譯為原因狀從）15. She sang resonantly, if slightly nasally. 她唱歌聲音洪亮，盡管鼻音略顯重了些。（條件狀從譯為讓步狀從） IV. 狀語從句譯成非狀語從句16. The boy shouted as he ran.那個男孩一邊跑，一邊喊。（譯成并列句）第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 14. If you can come, Ill be o17. If you melt two or more metals together, you

31、can get a new metal.將兩種以上的金屬熔化在一起，就可以產(chǎn)生一種新金屬。（譯成復(fù)合句的主語）18. The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water.猴子正感到有點兒害怕，鱷魚突然向水下潛去。19. As he had lots of time, he decided to go to the embankment first.時間還早，他決定先到河岸大道去一下。（內(nèi)含因果關(guān)系的并列句）第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 17. If you melt

32、two or more me20. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang.我正要解釋，鈴聲響了。（譯成并列句）21. They asked her to stay where she was.他們讓她呆在原處。(譯成賓語）22. The greedy officials dared to accept any presents, whoever sent them.無論是誰送給他們的禮品,這些貪官都敢收下。（譯為定語）第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 20. I was just going to explaiYou may do

33、as you please.When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time.Where there is a will, there is a way.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 練習(xí) You may do as you plea

34、se.第六章：常1. 你愿意怎么做都行。（譯成謂語）2. 如果你背著空氣袋，你就能長時間地呆在深水中。（時間狀從譯成條件狀從）3. 有志者事竟成。（地點狀從譯成 條件狀從）4. 我們走得很匆忙，結(jié)果門都忘鎖了。5. 生活中既有悲劇，文學(xué)作品就可以寫悲劇。第六章：常見句型的翻譯狀語從句的翻譯 練習(xí)答案 1. 你愿意怎么做都行。（譯成謂語）第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的常見譯法賓語從句的常見譯法表語從句的常見譯法同位語從句的常見譯法 英語名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。在翻譯時，詞序一般不變，但有時也需采取一些其他處理方法。名詞性從句的翻譯第六章：常見句型的翻譯名詞性從句

35、的翻譯 主語從句的常見譯法 英語名詞性從句包括主語從句.“It+被動語態(tài)+that”句型這種句型通常要譯成漢語里的主動句，并增譯出“大家”“我們” “有人” “人們”等泛指性的主語。該譯法的特點保留了原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)的前后順序，即：先主句，后從句。有時也可譯為“據(jù)”的句型。如：It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December.據(jù)報道，這個峰會將在月舉行。I. 主語從句的譯法第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 .“It+被動語態(tài)+that”句型I. 主語從句的譯法第六2. It could be argued that

36、the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人會提出，無線電廣播同樣能夠做到這一點；但是在電視屏幕上，每個節(jié)目都顯得更加生動，更加真實。3. It is well known that alloy is a metal product containing two or more elements.眾所周知（大家都知道），合金是一種含有兩種或兩種以上元素的金屬產(chǎn)品。第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 2. It

37、 could be argued that theB. “It +謂語（表語）+that”句型 這樣的主語從句句型可處理為: (1) 先把主句的謂語或表語部分譯成獨立語，然后順譯出從句；(2) 顛倒原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先譯出從句，再譯出主句。如：4. It is strange that she have failed to see his advantages.真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出他的優(yōu)點。5. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine.毋庸置疑，沒有陽光，植物就不能生長。6. It is quite obvi

38、ous that the girl still loves you deeply.很明顯，這個女孩依然深愛著你。第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 B. “It +謂語（表語）+that”句型第六章：常見句型7. It is quite possible that someday John will come to see you again.總有一天約翰會來找你的，這是很有可能的哦!8. It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.他的車在路上拋錨，這是常有的事兒。9. It is a matter o

39、f common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.物體在水中比在空氣中輕，這是一種（大家共有的）常識。 第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 7. It is quite possible that s10.It follows that the Chinese comrades consider Koreas cause as their own.由此得出，中國同志把朝鮮的事情看成自己的事情。比較上述各句，聯(lián)系英漢民族思維差異：英語民族重直線思維，要點先給出，其他信息再一一增補；漢語民族重曲線思

40、維，先側(cè)面，外圍，后點處信息的重點。因而，英語（前重心）是頭短尾長，漢語是（后重心），頭大尾小。第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 10.It follows that the ChineseC. 有what, whatever, whoever, when, whether等引導(dǎo)出的主語從句通?？砂凑ＵZ序譯出。如：11. What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.難得的是一輩子做好事而不做壞事。12. What the students find most difficult in English

41、 is its idiomatic usage.學(xué)生感到， 英語最困難的地方是它的習(xí)慣用法。第六章：常見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 C. 有what, whatever, whoever, w13. Whatever was said her must be kept secret.這里說的每句話都應(yīng)當保密。14. Who will monitor the class is not decided yet.誰當班長還沒決定。15. When her parents will come hasnt been under consideration.她的父母什么時后到來還沒有（納入）考慮。第六章：常

42、見句型的翻譯主語從句的翻譯 13. Whatever was said her must普通句型以從屬連詞、連接代詞或介詞引起的賓語從句漢譯時，詞序一般不變。如：16. I have not made up my mind as to what elective course I am to take net term.我還有決定下學(xué)期上哪些選修課。17. This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.這表明可能出現(xiàn)了意外情況。II.賓語從句的譯法第六章：常見句型的翻譯賓語從句的翻譯 普通句型II.賓語從句的譯法第六章：常見句型

43、的翻譯賓語從18. Lei Feng always thought how she could do more for people.雷鋒總是想到怎樣為人民做更多的事。19. She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.她從不滿足于她取得的成就。20. Zhang San replied that he was very sorry.張三回答說，他感到很遺憾。第六章：常見句型的翻譯賓語從句的翻譯 18. Lei Feng always thought hoB. 用it 作形勢賓語的句子，漢譯時，賓語從句可按原文譯出，但it 可省譯。21

44、. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.我讓你自己判斷，這件事該不該做。22. I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m.我給學(xué)生講明，他們必須在上午11點前交作業(yè)。23. I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la.他又冒險去香格里拉了，我覺得這件事千真萬確。 第六章：常見句型的翻譯賓語從句的翻譯 B. 用it 作形

45、勢賓語的句子，漢譯時，賓語從句可按原文譯出C.英語中有時為了修辭強調(diào)， 把賓語從句置于主句前，漢譯時 也可遵從該修辭效果，順序譯出。如：24. Whether they like it or not, I dont care.他們喜不喜歡，我可不管。25. What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two.讓他們是天做的事，他們兩天就做完了。第六章：常見句型的翻譯賓語從句的翻譯 C.英語中有時為了修辭強調(diào)， 把賓語從句置于主句前，漢譯時 一般情況可以按原文譯出。26. Thats what we should do. 這正是

46、我們的本分27. The question which worries everyone today is: how long will these fuels last?今天人人都擔(dān)心的問題是：這些燃料能維持多久？28. “If have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants” (Newton)“要說我比別人望得遠了一點，那是因為我已經(jīng)站在了巨人的肩旁上?！保ㄅｎD）III. 表語從句的譯法第六章：常見句型的翻譯表語從句的翻譯 一般情況可以按原文譯出。III. 表語從句的譯法第六章：常見極少數(shù)的表語從句也可以按照漢語的表達習(xí)慣，把表語從句提前。29. That is why the “know-all” is ridiculous.“萬事通”之所以可笑，原因就在于這個地方。30. That is why she is so happy.她如此高興的原因就在這里。 表語從句譯法總結(jié)：1、在 “