定語從句課件教學(xué)

1、The Attributive Clause定語從句1定語從句的相關(guān)概念概念定語從句也稱為形容詞性從句。是指在復(fù)合句中對(duì)名詞或代詞起到限定說明的句子。先行詞在定語從句中被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）和關(guān)系副詞(when ,where ,why）。She is a girl. 她是一個(gè)女孩。She is beautiful。她很漂亮She is a beautiful girl.她是一個(gè)漂亮的女孩 She is a girl who is beautiful. 形容詞做定語 先行詞 關(guān)系詞定語

2、從句指人指物subject (主語)object (賓語)attribute（定語）whowhomwhichthatwhose只能用who,不能用that1. 先行詞是one，ones或anyone時(shí)；先行詞為those或被those修飾，指人時(shí) ：那些不僅從書本上而且從實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的人將會(huì)成功。Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 不努力工作的人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功。One who does not work hard will never succeed.任何觸犯法律的人都應(yīng)該受到懲罰。

3、Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2. 當(dāng)定語從句中又有定語從句，且先行項(xiàng)都為人時(shí)：獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)努力的班長(zhǎng)。The student that won the first prize is the monitor who studies hard. 注意：that or who?3. 在以there be的句子中，先行詞為人時(shí)：外面有個(gè)人要見你。There is a man outside who wants to see you.4. 當(dāng)指人的先行詞被一些指物的名詞修飾時(shí)：學(xué)校里我只想見一個(gè)學(xué)生。Theres only one

4、student in the school who I want to see.你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿藍(lán)衣服、背著一個(gè)孩子在地里干活的女人嗎？Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?that/whowhowho/whomwho/thatwhosewhose關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)撥(1)關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或定語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。譯昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。誤The film (that/which) we saw it last

5、 night is very frightening.正The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.(2)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)不能省略，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。Is that the girl(whom/who/that)you spoke of the other day?那就是你前幾天所提到的女孩嗎？who/whom/thatthat/whichthat/which在限制性定語從句中只用that不用which的情況5，當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)Which is the bike that you los

6、t?哪輛是你丟失的自行車？6，有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用which，另一個(gè)宜用that時(shí)They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.thatthatthat用which不用that的情況1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。Our class is a big family, which is made up of 50 students.You have made great progress, which makes our teacher very hap

7、py.2.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。The school in which he once studied is very famous.she is a girl _ is wearing red skirt.who /that I give an apple to her _everyone likes very much.which /thatHe lives in a house -windows face south.whoseTitanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/thatI. 用定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞完成下列句子。Th

8、e pen _ my uncle gave me is missing.Do not get close to the house _ is under repair.He is the man _ wants to see you.4. He is the man _I saw yesterday.5. He is the man _ name is Yao Ming.6. He is the man the name of _ is Yao Ming.7. Id like a room _ window looks out over the sea.8. Id like a room th

9、e window of _ looks out over the sea.(that/which)that / whichwho/thatwhom/ who/ that ( )whosewhomwhosewhich二. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句1. when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞，如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.昨晚我不在家的時(shí)候他來了。He came last night when I was out.我們將把野餐推遲到下周，那時(shí)天氣會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。We will put off the picnic until next we

10、ek, when the weather would be better.常用的關(guān)系副詞：when、why、 where2. where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.這是我出生的地方。This is the place where I was born.我住在他曾住過的房間里。I live in the room where/in which he used to live.【比較】This is the factory he worked last year. （作狀語） This is t

11、he park they visited last year. （作賓語）where /in whichwhich/that 3. why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代。他沒有參加會(huì)議的原因是他病了。The reason why/ for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.This is the place _ we visited last month.This is the place _ we will go next week.whichwhich or w

12、here?whereThis is the place to _ we will go next week.whichThis is the place _ we will go to next week.whichas和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別（1）which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句后 as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。路太滑了，以至于引起了很多事故。The road was so slippery, which caused lots of accidents.任何人都明白，計(jì)算機(jī)幾乎能做到人能做的一切事。As anybody can see, a

13、 computer can do almost everything people can.（2）當(dāng)非限制性定語從句為否定句或謂語帶的是一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。他公開批評(píng)瑪麗，對(duì)此她一點(diǎn)兒都不愿意。He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesnt like at all.（3）在從句中作主語時(shí)，as后常跟動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；若從句中的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，多用which作主語。他見到了那個(gè)女孩，這使他很高興。He saw the girl, which delighted him.注意：as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語

14、動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（4）as引導(dǎo)的從句主要起連接上下文的作用，翻譯成“正如，正像” which引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，可用and this代替，翻譯成“這一點(diǎn)，這件事?！北娝苤袊?guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家。As is known to all, China is a country with the largest population in the world.他把自行車賣了，這使我感到奇怪。He sold his bicycle, which surprised me.=He sold his bicycle, and this surprised me.選擇填空1._is k

15、nown to all, the Xisha Islands are the territories(領(lǐng)土)of China.A.As B. It C. Which D. That2.His family, _ all music lovers, dont want to miss MTV programmers.A. who is B. which is C. who are D. which areCA選擇填空3.Who is the person _ asked for me just now?A. who B. that C. whose D. whom4.He asked more

16、than one elder for advice, _ he hoped to make a wiser decision.A. which B.by which C.by which means D.by that means5.His technique has developed to the point _ he can repair many of the electrically powered farm machines.A. when B. that C. where D. which6.Those_have not got bikes may go by bus.A. th

17、at B. who C.不填 D. whichBBCC1.如何判斷關(guān)系詞2.關(guān)系代詞that 或which 的區(qū)別3.as 和which的區(qū)別4.whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞常見考點(diǎn) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞提醒: 介詞關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 關(guān)鍵是判斷介詞的選擇.The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live.方法一:根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配He came to a farm,on which he finally sett

18、led.The speed at which light travels is 3000,000km per second.方法二:根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配The colorless gas is called oxygen, in which fires burn much better.The colorless gas is called oxygen, without which we could not live.方法三:根據(jù)句子所需要的意思 注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot?4. Do you like the book she often