2021北京職稱英語(yǔ)考試模擬卷

1、第 頁(yè)2021北京職稱英語(yǔ)考試模擬卷本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時(shí)間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意） 1.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the pe

2、rmissiveness (寬容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are

3、encouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are ex

4、pected to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average A

5、merican is expected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not econo

6、mic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.AdependentB independentC sureDsecure 2.第三篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may e

7、nable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme

8、, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公頃) of agricultural land are lost

9、 because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨礙生長(zhǎng))plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (紅樹(shù)林) that create swamps (沼澤) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to dro

10、p, allowing sea water to seep (滲透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸發(fā)) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawin

11、g up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will t

12、ake about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will the

13、n be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.The attitude of the author towards the research project isApositiveBnegative.CsuspiciousDindifferent. 3.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先進(jìn)的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speed

14、s, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest use

15、s are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. 3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineer

16、s now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robo

17、ts. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equiva

18、lent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that t

19、hey increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. A Ongoing Research B Extension of Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23.Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 5

20、 _ 26. Paragraph 6 _ 27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _. 30. The use of robots increases _. A too much energy B based on American designs C they are too cost

21、ly D they are not reliable E quality control F free of charge 4.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded

22、 by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil

23、 and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (極地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, B

24、angladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are hom

25、e to more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over

26、 the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 5

27、.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (寬容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not hea

28、rd” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this

29、 freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or ear

30、ly twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The ch

31、ildren have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.A tooBa

32、lmostCnearlyD so 6.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先進(jìn)的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Eur

33、ope. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. 3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever s

34、ince. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100

35、times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T

36、.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedu

37、re of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. A Ongoing Research B Extension of

38、 Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23.Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 5 _ 26. Paragraph 6 _ 27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29. One disadvantage of using robots

39、 is that they consume _. 30. The use of robots increases _. A too much energy B based on American designs C they are too costly D they are not reliable E quality control F free of charge 7.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When t

40、he children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (寬容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their pare

41、nts. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality an

42、d independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of inde

43、pendence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do no

44、t have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.AgainBwelcomeCsuitDestimate 8.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先進(jìn)的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work a

45、t very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today th

46、eir commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. 3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly

47、 because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes

48、in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 ho

49、urs today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese co

50、mpanies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. A Ongoing Research B Extension of Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23.Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3

51、_ 25. Paragraph 5 _ 26. Paragraph 6 _ 27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _. 30. The use of robots increases _. A too much energy B based on American designs C

52、they are too costly D they are not reliable E quality control F free of charge 9.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness

53、(寬容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are encouraged to

54、 be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _ (

55、58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is ex

56、pected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They fee

57、l useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.Abreak upBbreak intoC break throughDbreak away from 10.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreig

58、ners are often surprised by the permissiveness (寬容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him

59、_ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of

60、 independence, young people are expected to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parent