高考英語語法精品教案：專題13特殊句式

1、特別句式在近幾年高考題中所占重量居中,各套試題中至少有一道 小題考查特別句式；主要考查倒裝句、省略替代、強調句以及感嘆 句和反意疑問句；一、倒裝 口訣速記：副詞開頭要倒裝,人稱代詞就如常；only 修飾副介狀,位于句首半倒裝；否定意義副連詞,“既不 也不”需倒裝；表語前置主語長,連接自然常倒裝；such 代詞作表語,引起主謂要倒裝；not only 開頭句,前一分句需倒裝；if 半倒裝；had,were ,should 虛擬句,省略倒裝分兩類：全部倒裝和部分倒裝；全部倒裝是將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前；實義動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be 動詞放在主語之前；部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動

2、詞倒裝至主語之前；假如句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,就需添加助動詞 do, does 或 did ,并將其置于主語之前；1全部倒裝的情形使用場合 例句 備注1 / 29 1there引導的There is a book in 常 見 動 詞 有be, the bag. There come, lie, 存在句came shouts for help happen, appear, from the river. seem, stand, exist, live, remain 等；2 在 here, Here comes the 謂語常是表示方there, away, in, bus.The

3、re goes the 位或位移的不及物out, down, up, train. In rushed the off, now, then children. Now 開頭的句子里 comes your turn. 動詞 lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, run, rise 等；3介詞短語或方 位詞組作地點狀語位于句首Between the 主語是人稱代詞buildings stands a tall tree. South of the 時,不倒裝；如：city lies a steel Here we are. factory. From the

4、There he comes. village came a frightening sound. 使用場合例句were the 備注4代詞 such 作Such 主謂一樣表語,意為 “這樣facts. was Albert Such 2 / 29 的 人 , 這 樣 的 Einstein. 物”,應置于句首5平穩(wěn)句子結構 或使上下文連接緊密They reached a 主謂一樣farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 2. 部分倒裝的情形使用場合nor例句like sports, 備注1so, neither, I 使用正確的助動開 頭 的

5、句 子 , 表 示and so does my 詞； 當 so 表示“也一樣、也不 ”brother. If you 對前句內容的確定He go, so will I. hasnt come, nor 和附和時,用自然have his sisters. 語序；如：Tom If you dont go, works hard. So neither shall I. he does and so do you. 他的確很用功,你也是； 2 含有否定意義的 副 詞 詞 組 , 如 ：Hardly can I little作形容詞,believe that. 修飾主語時,仍用Seldom does

6、he 正 常 語 序 ； 如 ：write to me. By never, seldom, 3 / 29 hardly, little, no means shall we Little Franz played the 備注only 修飾主語時 不 倒 裝 ；如 ： Only he nowhere, by no give up. Little often means, at no timedid I know who he piano. 等置于句首時was. 使用場合例句3only 修飾狀語 從句,Only when the rain 并置于句首時,主句中要stopped did the

7、部分倒裝match start again. can do it. 4not only but alsoNot only should we not only 引導連接兩個分句,not onlystudy science, but 的部分要部分置于句首also we should pay 倒裝,但 attention to but politics. also 部 分 不倒裝；如not only but also連接兩個主語,句子不倒裝；使用場合例句備注4 / 29 5Not until Hardly when No Not until 主 倒 從 不sooner than So that S

8、uch that倒,即主句did I 部分用倒裝realize what 語序,從句trouble he 部分用陳述was in. 語序；Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang. So angry was he that he couldnt speak. Such great progress did he make that 5 / 29 he was praised. 6省略 if的虛擬條件句,將were ,Were he 如條件句中had, should 移至主語前 If he 不含 were, were had, h

9、ere now, should就I could ask him. 不宜倒裝；Should he If he should come, tell him to ring me up. 使用場合例句備注7希望句May you succeed ！6 / 29 8as 或 though 引導讓步 狀語從句引起的倒裝；句型是：表語 / 狀語 / 動詞原形 as/though 主語Young as he is, he though 引導knows a lot. 讓步狀語從句Much as I like it, I will not buy it. 也可不倒裝；Try as he 表語前的冠might, h

10、e could 詞 要 省 略 ；not find a job. 如 ： Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. 二、省略 在英語中,有時為了防止結構上或內容上的重復,并使上下文 緊密連接；有時由于語法的客觀要求,句子中的一個或幾個成分不 需要表達出來,這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略；英語中的省略要求不破壞語法 結構,要保持句子意義的精確無誤；省略有詞法上的省略,也有句 法上的省略,仍有一種替代省略；省略部分的成分和含義可從上下 文或詳細語言環(huán)境中找到而且是有章可循的,英語的省略大致有以 下幾種情形：1介詞的省略 一些與動詞、名詞或形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略,而保留

11、其 后的動名詞；常見的句型有：spend some time in doing sth.；be busy in doing sth.；7 / 29 have difficulty in doing sth. ；stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.2連詞 that 的省略 I believe that he will come here. Its a pity that he will leave this city. 3定語從句與名詞性從句中的省略whom, which, 在限制性定語從句中,作賓語用的關系代詞1 that 可省略；如：The teacher who

12、/whom/that I talked with was Mr. Meng. 2 在與 suggest, request, order, advise等詞相關的名詞性從句中,應用虛擬語氣形式“should 動詞原形 ”,should可以省略；如：She suggests that we should go at once. 4動詞不定式省略,只保留to 的場合；expect, refuse, 不定式作某些動詞的賓語時,常見的動詞有mean, like, love, hope ,want 等；如：He went home that day though he didnt want to. 三、反

13、意疑問句1陳述部分含有 must 的反意疑問句neednt ；當含有當 must 作“必需 ”講時,其反意疑問部分用8 / 29 mustnt 不答應、禁止 時,其反意疑問部分用must ；當 must 表示估計,作 “肯定,準是 ”講時,反意疑問部分的動詞形式依據(jù) must 后 面的動詞形式確定；如：You must go now, neednt you. 你現(xiàn)在必需走,是不是？You mustnt smoke here, must you. 你不能在這里吸煙,是吧？You must have watched that football match last night, 你昨晚肯定是看足球

14、競賽了,是吧？didnt you. 2陳述部分含有 used to 的反意疑問句 陳述部分含有 used to 時,其反意疑問部分用 usednt 或 didnt 均可；如：You used to play football, usednt/didnt you. 你過去經(jīng)常踢足球,是嗎？3陳述部分含有 ought to的反意疑問句均可；如：其反意疑問部分用oughtnt或 shouldntHe ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he.他應當參與會議,是不是？4否定詞或半否定詞的反意疑問句 當陳述部分帶有 seldom, hardly,

15、scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定詞或半否定詞時,疑問部分的動詞用確定形 式；如：9 / 29 He could hardly get up, could he. 他幾乎起不來了,是不是？5陳述部分含有表示 “否定”意義的前綴構成的詞,其反意疑問部 分一般用否定式；如：Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she. 瑪麗不喜愛體育運動,不是嗎？6含有賓語從句的反意疑問句當陳述部分帶有賓語從句時,疑問部分的主語應和主句的主語保持一樣；但當主句是：I think,I believe, I suppose, I ex

16、pect, I imagine 等結構時,疑問部分的主語和謂語動詞均應和賓語從句的 主語和謂語保持一樣；如：He said that he would come here on time, didnt he.I dont think he will come here on time, will he. 7祈使句的反意疑問句 祈使句后加附加問句,不表示反意,而表示一種語氣；其結構 為：否定祈使句, will you. Let us確定祈使句,will/w ont you. Lets, shall we. , will you ？如：Open the door, will you. Lets g

17、o out for a walk, shall we. Let us go to school, will you. 留意：10 / 29 1 反意疑問句的回答不要看漢語如何翻譯,只看所提到的事情是否發(fā)生；假如發(fā)生了,用確定回答,否就用否定回答；如：當對方問你“You arent a teacher, are you？”或“You are a teacher, arent you？”時,假如你是老師,回答 “Yes, I am. 否就,回答 “No, I am not. ”2 反意疑問句的主語和陳述部分的主語在人稱、數(shù)上需要留意的幾種情形陳述部分主語反意疑疑 問 部例句問部分分 謂 語主語的數(shù)

18、This is a bike , isnt this, that it 單數(shù)it ？not your These are these, those they 復數(shù)books, are they？everything, anything, it 單數(shù)Nothing has happened, something, has it ？nothing 陳述部分主語反意疑疑問部例句問部分分謂語主語的數(shù)11 / 29 everyone, everybody, someone, he 或單數(shù)或Nobody likes to be somebody, no they 更復數(shù)laughed at, does h

19、e/do 常見 they ？one, anybody, anyone, anybody, none, neither 不定式、動名詞、it 單數(shù)Learning English well 主語從句、其他短takes a lot of time, 語單數(shù)或doesnt it？There is no doubt there there be句型about it, is there？There will be rain 復數(shù)tomorrow, wont there ？四、強調句一個句子中除謂語外的任何成分均可借助 It be that 予以強調,被強調部分置于 be 之后；無論被強調的是人物時間 地

20、點仍是方式一律用 that, 只有強調人時也可用 who；被強調的人稱代詞主格或賓格如 I /me ,其形式不行變動,即被強調的任何成分必須 原 封 不 動 地 放 到be 之 后 ； 一 個 句 子 , 如 果 將 其 中 的 It is/was that 去掉,在不加減任何詞語的情形下,語序稍作調整能12 / 29 構成一個完整正確的句子,便可以認定為強調句,否就就不是強調句；1【誤】 Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old. 【正】He began to learn English only when he

21、was 30 years old. 【解讀】當 only 和所修飾的狀語位于句首時引起部分倒裝,假如不在句首時,就不倒裝,此外,當only 用于修飾名詞或代詞時,也不倒裝,如： Only the grown-ups are allowed to see the film. 2 【誤】Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions.【正】Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions.【解讀】not only but also 的部分倒裝,其結構為： not

22、 only 倒裝語序,but also 語序不變；此外,當 not only but also 位于句首連接兩個并列的主語時,主謂也不倒裝,如：Not only I but also she will get married next year. 3【誤】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So do I. 13 / 29 【正】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So it is with me. 【解讀】如前面為兩個或兩個以上的分句,表示不同的主語與前面有關的

23、各種情形相同,往往用：so it is/was with 主語或者是 it is/was the same with 主語；4【誤】 A child as/though he is, he is very brave. 【正】 Child as/though he is, he is very brave. 【解讀】由 as/though 引導的表示 “雖然,盡管 ”的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序,把從句的表語或狀語等放在 as/though 的前面,但是假如從句中的表語是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞；5【誤】 Are you a sailor？No, but I used to. 【正】 Are y

24、ou a sailor. No, but I used to be. 【解讀】動詞不定式的省略：在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對話里,常把不定式符號 to 后內容相同的部分省略,只保留 to ,但如果省略的不定式內容有作助動詞用的 后要保留原形 have 或 be；have 或 be 的任何形式時, to6【誤】 Are you and Jane getting married？We hope. 【正】Are you and Jane getting married？We hope to. 【解讀】 動詞不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, expect, prefer,

25、 refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等動詞后作賓14 / 29 語時,為了防止重復,常承前省略不定式后的內容,但要保留不定 式符號 to ；7【誤】 I came not to scold but praise you. 【正】 I came not to scold but to praise you. 【解讀】 在并列結構中為了防止重復,后一個 to 常省略,但兩個不定式有對比或對比的意義時,就后一個to 不能省略；12022遼寧卷 _ is the power of TV that it can make a person sudden

26、ly famous. ASuch B This C That D So 【答案】 A 2Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away_. Afleeing the boy Cthe boy was fleeing 【答案】 D Bwas fleeing the boy Dfled the boy 3He is rather difficult to make friends with , but the friendship of his,_,is truer than any other.Aonce gained Cafter gained Bwhen to

27、gain Dwhile gaining 【解讀】 A 這是 once it is gained 的省略,句意為： 但是一旦獲得了和他的友情,要比其他人的要真誠得多；15 / 29 4Not until quite recently _ that language is closely related to culture.Ahe realized Chad he realized Bdid he realize Dhe did realize 【解讀】 B not until 引導的短語置于句首,后面要用部分倒裝結構,所以要排除 A 和 D；此外,句子中沒有明顯的“過去的過去”標志詞,所以不能

28、用過去完成時,故C 項也得排除；5Casey, _ to the classroom and see who it is there. AgoingBgoCto goDgone 【解讀】 B該題帶有囑咐口吻,且Casey 為呼語,因此題干應為祈使句,即以動詞原形開頭；6I dont suppose anyone will be willing to do the hard job, _？Bdont I 引導的賓語從句的反Ado I Cwill they Dwont they 【解讀】CI think/suppose/believe意疑問句,存在否定轉移的習慣,且反意疑問句的主語應與從句主語一樣

29、,選 C；72022重慶卷 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _ in China. ,one of the ten largest cities 16 / 29 Alies Chongqing BChongqing lies Cdoes lie Chongqing Ddoes Chongqing lie 【解讀】 A 考查倒裝句；為了表示強調,把作狀語的介詞短 語提到句首,此時句子采納完全倒裝的語序；8Go straight into the cave and find out whats in i

30、t, _？Acant you B dont you C are you D will you 【解讀】 D 考查反意疑問句；這是一個祈使句,對祈使句構 成反意疑問句用 will you. 92022四川卷 We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.Awe think Bthink we Cwe do think Ddo we think 【解讀】 D 考查倒裝用法； seldom ,hardly ,never ,no 等 具有否定意義的詞位于句首句子用部分倒裝語序；10Ive read three books this week. W

31、ell, maybe _ what you read that counts. is not how much you read but Athis B that C there D it 【解讀】 D考查強調句型的用法；把 “_ is和句中17 / 29 的 that 省略后,該句話照舊成立,由此可知該題是強調句型的結構,所以答案只能用 it ；11 In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva , _a collection of laboratory buildings. Alie B are lying C lies D lays 【答案】 C 12

32、 _in the root of his family that he decided to make a trip to Africa for further research. ASo interested Kunta was BSo interested was Kunta CHow interested Kunta was DKunta was such interested 【解讀】 B 考查倒裝句； so that這個固定句式中的 so 及 其修飾成分提到句首時,句子倒裝,因此 B 項正確；132022四川卷 If you have a job,_ yourself to it a

33、nd finally youll succeed. Ado devote Bdont devote 引導從句,所以此處應當Cdevoting Dnot devoting 【解讀】A考查祈使句用法； If填入可以構成主句的詞,這里是祈使句,do 表示強調；14 _for the worst in advance and you wont be disappointed. 18 / 29 APrepare CHaving prepared BWhen preparing DIf you prepare 【解讀】A 祈使句和 and 連用相當于條件狀語從句的用法；原句 If you prepare

34、for the worst in advance,you wont be disappointed.15He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab,_？Thats quite possible. Amustnt he Bwont he Cdoesnt he Disnt he 【解讀】 D 該題考查反意疑問句； must be 結構中的中心詞應為 be,且 He must be in the lab 相當于 I think he is in the lab,故應用 isnt he ；1 2022廈門市質量檢查It is

35、 the test system ,rather than the teachers , _is to blame for th e studentsheavy burden nowadays.Awho Bthis the test systemCthat Dwhom 解讀：考查強調句型；本句強調的是主語而不是 the teachers,因此不能用 who,只能用 that ；19 / 29 答案：C _she is not so 2 2022湖南十二校其次次聯(lián)考cheerful_she used to be.AHow is it that；as BWhy is it that；what CI

36、s it why；that DHow it is that；as 解讀：考查強調句和狀語從句；第一空是強調句的特別疑問句部分；其次空為 not soas .as 固定句式；依據(jù)其次空的搭配可排除 B、C 兩項；依據(jù)句意可知 前那樣興奮了？答案：A A 項正確；句意為：她怎么不像以3 2022重 慶 診 斷 I don know_makes her different from others.Honesty ,I think. Ahow is it that Cwhat is it that Bhow it is that Dwhat it is that 解讀：考查特別句式；上一句的意思是“我

37、不知道是什么讓她與眾不同 ”,what it is that makes her different from others 是know 的賓語從句,因此要用陳述語序；從句是一個強調句,被強調部分是主語 what ；答案：D 20 / 29 4 2022日照市調研考試I don know how many years ago_people began.began to stay at home and civilization Ait was when Bit was that Cwas it that Dwas it when 解讀：考查強調句型；語意是：我不知道是多少年前人們開始呆在家中,

38、文明由此開頭；此句中被強調部分是 how many years ago,去掉 it was.that 之后句子的正常語序是 I don know how many years ago people began to stay at home and civilization began；答案：B 52022 福建畢業(yè)班檢查 _made Daisy wild with joy. Her success in the A-level exam this year. AHow was it that CWhy was it that BWhen was it that DWhat was it th

39、at 解讀：考查特別疑問句的強調句型；特別疑問句的強調句結 構為：特別疑問詞 beit that ,依據(jù)語意,此處表示“什么東西 讓 Daisy 欣喜如狂？ ”強調 what ,應選 D 項；答案：D 21 / 29 62022 山東濰坊月考 Girls used to take fewer advanced match courses than boys but now they are taking just_.Aas much Btoo much Cas many Dtoo many 解讀：考查形容詞的比較等級和省略；本句補充完整為 Girls used to take fewer ad

40、vanced math courses than boys but now they are taking just as many advanced math courses as boys. 故C 項正確；答案：C 72022 煙臺二模 They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than_.Aexpected Bexpecting Cexpectation Dto expect 解讀：考查省略句的用法；可以將 than expected 看成是than it was expected

41、的省略； better than expected 為習慣用法,表示 “比預期的好 ”；答案：A 西 城5 月 Mary was only too ready to help 8 2022others ,seldom ,_,refusing them when they turned 22 / 29 to him.Aif never Bif not Cif any Dif ever 解讀：考查習語的用法；后半部分是對前半部分的進一步說明；句意為：瑪麗總是樂于助人,假如有人向他求助,他很少拒絕別人； if ever 很少,難得 ”,符合句意；答案：D 9 2022 蘇州一模 The number

42、 of children who have lost parents to AIDS_to rise to over 26 million in 2022.Aare expected Bis expecting Care expecting Dis expected 解讀：此題考查主謂一樣和動詞語態(tài)；定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一樣, the number of 意為“ 的數(shù)量 ”,作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,排除選項A 和 C；依據(jù)語境知,這個數(shù)量預計會上升,主語與expect 之間是被動關系,故D 項正確；,答案：D ！All his property102022南京第三次模擬 Wha

43、t a pitythe books ,the pictures by the big fire.and the house ,_consumed Awere Bwas 23 / 29 Chad been Dhave been 解讀：此題考查主謂一樣和時態(tài)；本句的主語是 All his property ,property表示財產(chǎn),是不行數(shù)名詞,因此謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式；句中的 the books ,the pictures and the house 是同位語,對 property 進行補充說明；事情發(fā)生在說話之前,故用一般過去時；答案：B instructions on the 112022煙

44、臺四校聯(lián)考 _the packet when you take the drug and the drug ,I think ,will work soon.AFollow BTo follow CFollowing DFollowed 解讀：考查祈使條件句；句意為：假如你服藥的時候依據(jù)包裝上的說明服用,我認為這種藥會很快起作用的；此處的祈使句中含有 when 引導的狀語從句； I think 為插入語；此句實際上是“祈使句 and/or 陳述句 ”結構；祈使句中要用動詞原形；答案：A 合肥第三次教學檢測_and the problem 122022could be settled.AA bi

45、t more effort BTo make more effort 24 / 29 CMaking more effort DIf you make more effort 解讀：考查句式；句中有并列連詞and,因此前面應當是一個完整的并列句,結合選項此處應為“祈使句 and陳述句 ”結構,前面的祈使句也可用名詞代替；句意為：再多一點努力,問題就會 得到解決；答案：A 錦州模擬 John as well as the other children 13 2022who_no parents_good care of in the center.Ahave；is being taken Cha

46、s；is taken Bhave ；has taken Dhas；have been taken 解讀：考查主謂一樣和動詞時態(tài),句意為：約翰同其他那些沒有父母的孩子一起在這個中心受到很好的照料；who 引導的定語從句修飾 other children 所以謂語動詞應是復數(shù)；名詞 1as well as/besides/with/together with ect. 名詞 2 時,謂語動詞要根據(jù)就遠原就由名詞 1 打算,所以其次空謂語動詞為單數(shù),約翰正在受到照料,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動形式；答案：A 14 2022東 城 檢 測 The number of people , who have access to their own cars,_sharply in the past decade.25 / 29 Arose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen 解讀：考查主謂一樣和時態(tài)；本句的主語是 the number ,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)； in the past decade 表示時間從過去連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,即 “十年來 ”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時