2022年初中中考英語知識點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初中中考英語知識點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)總結(jié)一 修飾比較級時常用的錯誤1. more不可修飾比較級，但much可以用來加強(qiáng)比較級，意為的多，更He looks more younger than I. ()He looks much younger than I. ( )2. 比較的對象或范疇浮現(xiàn)錯誤。1）The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ()（比較的對象應(yīng)當(dāng)是上海的天氣，而不是上海）The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ()2）China is larger than any

2、 country in Asia. ()（浮現(xiàn)了邏輯上的錯誤: 中國就是亞洲國家，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除在外。）China is larger than any country in Africa. () 中國比非洲的任何國家都大。China is larger than any other country in Asia. () 中國比亞洲的任何（其她的）國家都大。特別提示Than背面接代詞時，一般要用主格，但在口語中也可使用賓格。如果than后是一種句子，則不可使用賓格。He works harder than me.He works harder than I do.二 形容詞的比較級用于兩者比較，表

3、達(dá)比更：A+系動詞+形容詞比較級+than+ B，e.g. I am two years older than my little sister.A+謂語動詞+副詞比較級+than+ B：e.g. She gets to school earlier than the other students.比較級+and+比較級，這種構(gòu)造表達(dá)事物自身限度的逐漸增長，意為越來越。eg. In spring the days are getting longer and longer.the+比較級the+比較級，表達(dá)一方的限度隨著另一方的限度的增長而增長，表達(dá)越，越。eg. The mort you p

4、ractice using English，the better youll learn it 你英語練得越多，就會學(xué)得越好。A十動詞十the+比較級+of短語（比較范疇），這種構(gòu)造表達(dá)兩者中更的那一種。當(dāng)比較雙方只浮現(xiàn)一方（沒有than及其背面的部分），且句中具有of the two時，比較級前要加the.eg. Penny is the taller of the two girls.The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black.表達(dá)兩者限度不同的其她方式可用more than(多于)， not more than(不多于)， less

5、 than(少于)， not less than(不少于)， less+形容詞+ than(不如)等。We havent got more than one hour left right now.It is less cold today than it was yesterday.not+比較級 +than與no+比較級+than 這兩個構(gòu)造體現(xiàn)的意思完全不同：前者往往表達(dá)一方不比另一方，后者往往表達(dá)前者和后者同樣都不；修飾闡明數(shù)量時，前者表達(dá)最多，不比多，后者表達(dá)僅僅，帶有感情色彩。I am not taller than you. 我不比你高。I am no taller than y

6、ou. 我和你同樣高。My French is not better than yours.My French is no better than yours.She is not more than seven years old.She is no more than seven years old.三 形容詞的最高檔最高檔是表達(dá)在三者或更多者中限度最高的比較方式the+ 形容詞最高檔+名詞+表達(dá)范疇的短語或從句Jack is the tallest student in his class.He is the fastest runner of the three boys.This i

7、s the most boring book Ive ever read.one of the+形容詞最高檔+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+表達(dá)范疇的短語或從句China is one of the largest countries in the world.用法比較：介詞in和of引導(dǎo)的短語闡明比較的范疇如果在一定的地區(qū)空間內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較用in; 如果在同一類事物范疇內(nèi)進(jìn)行比較用of.China is the largest country in Asia.China is the largest one of all the Asian countries.運(yùn)用比較級體現(xiàn)最高檔的概念：比較級+than any

8、other+名詞單數(shù)，比較級+than the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)或比較級+than the rest of +the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.= Julia is taller than the other girls in her class. = Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.四 表達(dá)移動方向的介詞(1)to表達(dá)“向，往到”。如：He will drive to Nanjing. 她將開車去南京。(2) from表達(dá)“自，從

9、，來自”。如：Where are you from 你是哪兒人I am from Jiangsu (3)up表達(dá)“向上，往上”。如：Mr. Smith used a lift to go up and down. 史密斯先生乘電梯上下。( 4)down表達(dá)“向下，沿著往下”。如：Go down the street then youll find the shop. 沿著這條街走，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)那個商店。(5)round表達(dá)“環(huán)繞，環(huán)繞”如：The students are running round the playground. 學(xué)生們正繞著操場跑步。(6)across表達(dá)“橫過，穿過，跨過”

10、。如：A boy walked across the park just now. 一種男孩剛剛穿過公園。(7)through表達(dá)“通過，穿過（空間）”。如：The river ran through the city. 那條河從城中流過。(8)over表達(dá)“越過，從上邊過去”。如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座橋。五 相似介詞組辨析1）貌似相似的in front of與in the front ofin front of“在.的前面”，指從外部看來一物在另一物的前面。如：Theres a big tree in front of the buil

11、ding.in the front of“在.的前面”，指從內(nèi)部看來一物在另一物的前部。如：The driver sits in the front of the car.2）貌似相似的in time與on timein time意思是“及時”，指在時間上有提前、剛好的意思，表達(dá)正趕上時候或恰在需要的時候，作表語時常與for sth.或to do sth. 連用。如：Were just in time to catch the bus.on time意思是“準(zhǔn)時、準(zhǔn)時”，一般指有時間限制，以規(guī)定的時間為界，在規(guī)定期間內(nèi)即為準(zhǔn)時。如：We should get to school on time

12、.The train arrived on time.3）貌似相似的beside與besidesbeside表達(dá)位置，意思是“在.的旁邊”，與by，at批準(zhǔn)。如：There is a big tree beside the house.besides意思是“除了.以外，還.”與except，but同義。如：The girl is studying Japanese besides English.六 but：但是，可是，而He is old， but he looks very young.她老了，但她看起來很年輕。Li Li likes violin but doesnt like pian

13、o.李莉喜歡小提琴，（但是）不喜歡鋼琴。（but 背面省略了主語Li Li，由于與前面的主語成分相似）Mary likes violin， but Tom doesnt.瑪麗喜歡小提琴，而湯姆不喜歡。（doesnt背面省略了like violin，由于與前面的成分相似）He isnt a teacher but a doctor.她不是（一種）教師，而是醫(yī)生。They came here not for money but for the life.她們到這兒來，不是要錢，而是要命。注意：but所連接的句子，句中如果某些成分與前面相似，則可以省略。七 or：或，或者，否則Is Li Ming

14、from Beijing or from Shanghai.李明是北京人還是上海人呢？1.基本用法or表達(dá)“或”的意思，使用于兩者之中選擇一種的時候。Would you like coffee or tea？你喜歡咖啡還是茶？Tom or I am right.我或者湯姆是對的。Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.李明或者是她的同班同窗在打掃房間。注意：“A or B”作主語時，謂語動詞隨or背面的詞（B）而定，因此例子中的謂語動詞服從I，用am。2.特別用法句型：祈使句， or=If you dont， youll同and同樣，or

15、在祈使句中的用法，譯成“請，否則”，有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。Hurry up，or youll miss the bus.快點(diǎn)吧，否則你就會誤了公共汽車。=If you dont hurry up，youll miss the bus.如果你不快點(diǎn)，你就會誤了這班車。Study hard，or youll fail in the exam.好好學(xué)吧，否則你考試就會不及格。=If you dont study hard，youll fail in the exam.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你考試就會不及格。注意：or疑問句的讀法or前面的部分用升調(diào)，背面的部分用降調(diào)。八 副詞和動詞如果重要動詞前有兩個助動詞，修

16、飾整個句子的副詞（特別是頻度及肯定副詞）要放在兩個助動詞之間，而修飾重要動詞的副詞（特別是方式副詞）應(yīng)放在這個動詞的前面：a） Tigers have often been discovered in this areaYou can never have seen such a beautiful placeHe will probably be made President of the CompanyHe has surely been punished for his offenceHe may，unfortunately，be killed by robbersb） This dec

17、ision will be publicly announcedI would have carefully done it，if it had been usefulHe must have seriously considered this matter要使副詞（短語）盡量接近它修飾的動詞：We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital yesterday（不好）We went yesterday tocapital（較好）Yesterday a guest who had come from a dis

18、tant country called on me（不好）A guestme yesterday（較好）Immediately，he told me to leave his house（不好）He told me to leave his house immediately（較好）九 冠詞應(yīng)用考點(diǎn)在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同，請注意區(qū)別：1.有些個體名詞“school，college，prison， hospital，bed”等詞與動詞或介詞連用時，有無冠詞表達(dá)不同含義例：go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其她目的

19、)in hospital (生病)住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里at table進(jìn)餐at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea在海邊in front of 在前面in the front of 在范疇內(nèi)的前部2.兩個形容詞均有冠詞，表達(dá)兩個不同東西。例：He raises a black and a white cat.她養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。3.如后一種形容詞無冠詞，則指一物。例：He raises a black and white cat.她養(yǎng)了一只花貓。a teacher and writer一位教師兼作家(一種人)a teacher and

20、a writer一位教師和一位作家(兩個人)十 辨析基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞運(yùn)用對數(shù)詞的考察不在單純地停留在基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法上了，更多地將基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞同步用于一道題中，考察我們?nèi)绾螌Φ牡罔b定句子中什么地方用基數(shù)詞，什么地方用序數(shù)詞。這就規(guī)定我們純熟地掌握對基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成與用法。下面就的考題來闡明如何做好此類考題。【典型考例1】（四川涼山州）There are people in Dales family. They live on the floor.A. five; nineB. fifth; nineC. five; ninthD. fifth; ninth【析】對的答案：C。句意：

21、在戴爾家里有5口人，她們一家居住在九樓。第一句指的是名詞的數(shù)量，故用基數(shù)詞；而第二句“居住在九樓”，表達(dá)的是樓層的順序，故用序數(shù)詞。因此，本題的對的答案為C。【典型考例2】（湖北鄂州） Our country is nearlyyears old. Well celebrate itsbirthday on October 1, around the country.A. seventy, seventyB. seventy, seventiethC. seventieth, seventyD. seventieth, seventieth【析】對的答案：B。句意：我們的國家快70周歲了。我們

22、將在10月1日在全國慶祝她的生日。第一句表達(dá)數(shù)量，在結(jié)合被修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ears可知，故70使用基數(shù)詞seventy。第二句由于被修飾的名詞birthday為單數(shù)形式，因此這里的70表達(dá)順序，故用序數(shù)詞seventieth。因此，本題的對的答案為B.十一. There be 句型的用法與1）基本構(gòu)造：肯定句式：be +done (及物動詞的過去分詞)如果是不及物動詞 + 相應(yīng)的介詞或副詞否認(rèn)句式：be +not +done疑問句式：be動詞（情態(tài)動詞）放句首被動語態(tài)中的be為助動詞，無意義。be也許是am , is , are也也許是was ,were或原形be。注：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由

23、be的時態(tài)決定的，be是什么時態(tài)，全句就是什么時態(tài)，be背面的過去分詞不變。eg：1. The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)2. The song isnt liked by young people.（否認(rèn)句）3. Is the song liked by young people?（一般疑問句）4. Who is the song liked by? = By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑問句）十二.多種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成（動詞以do為例）：一般目前時動詞的被動形式：am/is /are done例句：He is asked t

24、o do this.一般過去時動詞的被動形式：was/were done例句：The story was told by her mother.一般將來時動詞的被動形式：will /shall be doneIs/are going to例句：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.過去將來時動詞的被動形式：should/would be doneWas/were are going to例句：He said the trees would be planted soon.目邁進(jìn)行時動詞的被動形式：am/is/are being done例句：The no

25、vel is being written.過去進(jìn)行時動詞的被動形式：was/were being done例句：At that time the desk was being made.目前完畢時動詞的被動形式：has/have been done例句：The house has been built.過去完畢時動詞的被動形式：had been done例句：They said that their work had been finished.具有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.其他幾種特殊句型：It

26、 is said that .It is well known that .It is reported that例：History is made by the people. (一般目前時)The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般過去時)The tree will be cut down next year.(一般將來時)The room must be kept clean.（具有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)）The door is being opened.（目邁進(jìn)行時）The film has been seen by me.（目前完畢時）注：不同步

27、態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的差別重要體目前助動詞be的變化上,同步助動詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。2）應(yīng)用狀況行為的執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說出來。eg: A stranger was killed last night.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.3）被動語態(tài)的用法1. 一般目前時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned everyday.2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞A new shop

28、 was built last year.3. 目前完畢時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞This book has been translated into many languages.4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 具有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞Young trees must be watered often.6. 目邁進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + bei

29、ng + 及物動詞的過去分詞Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tomnow.7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees tobe planted.十三. 狀語從句時間狀語從句最常考的是until，常常和非延續(xù)性動詞組合。另一方面是結(jié)合進(jìn)行時考察when/while/as，再次是結(jié)合主將從現(xiàn)考察as soon as/whenever.因素狀語從句，重要考察since作

30、為既然的意思。目的狀語從句，考察較少。成果狀語從句常?？疾靤o.that與such.that的辨析，so+many/few/much/little+名詞構(gòu)造用用的是so而不是such是一種重要考點(diǎn)。條件狀語從句最常考的是unless，相稱于ifnot,意為“除非,如果不”。另一方面結(jié)合主將從現(xiàn)考察if的用法讓步狀語從句，重要考察句子的讓步關(guān)系引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞重要有如下這些：though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問詞，疑問詞-ever，一般翻譯為“盡管”或“雖然”，“無論”。用法如

31、下：1、though, although表達(dá)“雖然，縱然”之意。這兩個連詞意思大體相似，在一般狀況下可以互換使用。在口語中，though較常使用，although比though正式，兩者都可與yet， still或never，the less連用，但不能與but連用。例如：Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 她雖然年齡大了，身體還很強(qiáng)健。值得注意的是，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的狀況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。2、as，though表達(dá)“雖然但是”，“縱使”之意

32、。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式浮現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形，though也可用于這樣的構(gòu)造中，但although不可以這樣用。例如：Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管她學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但幾乎沒獲得什么進(jìn)步。3、 even if, even though 表達(dá)“雖然”，“縱使”之意，具有一種假設(shè)。這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相似。它們?；Q使用，但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句具有強(qiáng)烈的

33、假定性，可用來表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，但不能用來描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事實(shí)。而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的，即說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)，表達(dá)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事。例如：Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 雖然天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。4、whether.or.表達(dá)“不管與否”，“不管是還是”之意。由這一種復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在闡明正反兩方面的也許性都不會影響主句的意向或成果。例如：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or b

34、usy. 不管你忙不忙，都要參與這個典禮 。5、“no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“都;不管都”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么，她都不會介意的。但“no matter+疑問詞”構(gòu)造只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever

35、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么，我都不會相信你。Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么，我就吃什么。十四. 基本句型構(gòu)造簡樸句：只存在一種主謂關(guān)系的句子，即一種主語部分和一種謂語部分構(gòu)成。并列句：當(dāng)我們需要把幾種意思連在一起時，可用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號或等立連詞或連接副詞把幾種簡樸句連接成一種并列句。它們之間的關(guān)系是同等的。復(fù)合句：當(dāng)一種句子由一種主句和一種從句構(gòu)成時，這就是復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句的主語往往可以獨(dú)立存在，從句則只作一種句子成分。句型構(gòu)造舉例S+V1）The student works very hard.2）She apologized to me again.3）The accident happened yesterday evening.SVP4）This is an English