系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法-投射小句市公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、 韓禮德（1970，1973，1985/1994/）把語(yǔ)言純理功效或元功效（metafunction）,分為三種概念功效（ideational function），人際功效（interpersonal function）和語(yǔ)篇功效（texual function）。邏輯功效“投射”符號(hào)與“投射”信息外國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)杜玉第1頁(yè)第1頁(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)功效experientionalfunction概念功效ideational function邏輯功效logicalfunction及物性系統(tǒng)transivity system語(yǔ)態(tài)voice互相依存interdependency邏輯語(yǔ)義關(guān)系logical-s

2、emantic relation并列parataxis擴(kuò)展expansion主從hypotaxis投射projection第2頁(yè)第2頁(yè)邏輯功效指是語(yǔ)言所具備反應(yīng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上語(yǔ)言單位之間邏輯語(yǔ)義關(guān)系功效，Halliday（1985/1994/）是從兩個(gè)不同角度來(lái)研究這種功效：相互依存（interdependency）和邏輯語(yǔ)義關(guān)系（logical-semantic relation）。第3頁(yè)第3頁(yè)并列兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上語(yǔ)言單位同等主要，這種關(guān)系即可出現(xiàn)在詞復(fù)合體（word complex），也可出現(xiàn)在小句復(fù)合體（clause complex）。詞復(fù)合體（word complex）：tea or c

3、offee小句復(fù)合體（clause complex）: She is an intelligent and diligent girl.互相依存interdependency并列parataxis第4頁(yè)第4頁(yè)互相依存interdependency主從hypotaxis主從兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上語(yǔ)言單位在邏輯和語(yǔ)義上地位不同，其中一個(gè)單位比其它單位主要，是其它單位依附對(duì)象。Halliday把這類語(yǔ)言單位叫做支配成份（dominant element）,把處于從屬地位語(yǔ)言單位叫做依附成份（depenent element）。詞復(fù)合體: There is a stone bridge on the rive

4、r. 依附 支配小句復(fù)合體: Nobady believed that he is a liar.第5頁(yè)第5頁(yè)邏輯語(yǔ)義logical-semantic relation擴(kuò)展expansion語(yǔ)言單位之間邏輯關(guān)系大體可分為：擴(kuò)展（expension）和投射（projection）。擴(kuò)展一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)小句在語(yǔ)義上對(duì)另一個(gè)詞或小句進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，擴(kuò)充方式有三種：詳述（elaboration）、延伸（extension）和增強(qiáng)（enhancement）第6頁(yè)第6頁(yè)詳述改換一個(gè)說(shuō)法來(lái)表示已經(jīng)表述語(yǔ)義，新舊說(shuō)法在內(nèi)容上是一致John ran away; he didnt wait.John ran away, w

5、hich means he didnt wait.延伸在原有語(yǔ)義上添加新內(nèi)容John ran away and Fred stayed behind.John ran away whereas Fred stayed behind.增強(qiáng)交代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、因果、條件等環(huán)境原因來(lái)對(duì)小句進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義闡明John was so scared so he ran away.John ran away because he was scared.第7頁(yè)第7頁(yè)投射通過(guò)一個(gè)小句引出另一個(gè)小句語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。被投射小句能夠是話語(yǔ)（locution），包括直接引語(yǔ)（direct speech）和間接引語(yǔ)（indirect s

6、peech）或某人想法（idea）。直引John said: “ Im running away. ”間引John said he was running away.想法John thought he would run away.邏輯語(yǔ)義logical-semantic relation投射projection第8頁(yè)第8頁(yè)功效語(yǔ)法在分析“投射”現(xiàn)象時(shí)，主要描寫了“投射”小句與被“投射”小句之間邏輯功效，著重分析了小句與小句之間關(guān)系。 Irene said: “ You are required to do it .” “投射”符號(hào)等于“投射”小句，而“投射”信息是一個(gè)“被投射”小句或一個(gè)嵌入

7、言語(yǔ)或觀點(diǎn)（embedded locution or idea），或事實(shí)(facts)?！?投射 ”小句“ 被投射 ”小句“投射”符號(hào) “投射”信息第9頁(yè)第9頁(yè)“投射”符號(hào)“投射”信息投射小句： 1, 2投射副詞或介詞：8,10,16,17投射名詞： 6, 7 外置結(jié)構(gòu)： 14引號(hào)： 17 引語(yǔ)： 1, 4小句復(fù)合體：6, 7, 9that 小句： 2, 3, 5wh 小句： 15動(dòng)詞不定式：12-ing 小句： 18介詞短語(yǔ)： 11, 13名詞詞組： 17第10頁(yè)第10頁(yè)(1) Dont forget, he had said, were responsible for your safet

8、y and for the safety of the kit.引語(yǔ)(2) The council spokesman also said there were not enough professional caterers in the area to meet demand.that小句(3) It is often said that there can be no confidence in iniquity.that小句(4) Ow was I supposed to know, he thought afterwards.引語(yǔ)(5) I thought you were anxi

9、ous to hear about your friend.that小句(6) But the answer is, each one secretly thinks hes the best.小句復(fù)合體(7) The message which Balfour sent was that, He is also of the opinion that will be a serious danger if the Socialist Party is allowed to assume office at the present time and he thinks every means

10、ought to be taken to avert the Parliamentary defeat which would bring them into office in your place.小句復(fù)合體第11頁(yè)第11頁(yè)(8) As for Paul, he thinks its fantastic.介詞(9) An opinion poll for the Globe and Mail and the Canadian Broasting Corporation produced surprising results from Quebec: while most people th

11、ere strongly demand change, only 10% want full independence and 52% wish their province to remain within Canada.小句復(fù)合體(10) According to Moscucci, this claim commanded the general assent, although practitioners interpreted it in vastly different ways.介詞(11) If all goes well, the company could add by r

12、oyal appointment to its other claims to fame.介詞短語(yǔ)(12) ECGD does not require these agents to have any sp ecial qualifications as claimed by the Director of Adjustment Claims Services Ltd.動(dòng)詞不定式第12頁(yè)第12頁(yè)(13) I didnt come to argue about what you meant to Maurice.介詞短語(yǔ)(14) It is very significant that nobody abstained.外置結(jié)構(gòu)(15) She asked what to do.wh小句(16) He also reportedly jotted down the license plate numbers of cars spouting black smoke from their exhaust pipes and sent the culprits numbers to the pol