王守仁版英語(yǔ)泛讀教程第一冊(cè)第一單元unit1講義

1、文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持- -文檔來(lái)源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.Introduction to Reading CourseTeachers role in your learningWhat role do you think teachers should play in your learning? Do you expect teachers to tell you everything you need? -impossible. We know it is absurd, but there

2、are always some students who expect their teachers are omniscients. So the first thing you should know is that you should learn how to learn on your own. Teachers should be assistants in your learning.What to learn in this course?What are the teaching goals of this course? What should you expect and

3、 get from this course? Why should we learn this course as we have had Integrated Course? to get some information, to learn how to get information, to learn how to think, how to persuade others to accept your opinion, to learn how to learn on your own.Most information we know about the world come fro

4、m extensive reading from books and society. Language triggers thought.How to learn this course and how to use this book?First concern: Reading comprehension f then exercisesPlease look at the table of contents.taking unit one as an example.This book touches many fields, such as:1: psychological enco

5、uragement and educationUnit 1:university studentlifeUnit 7:shynessUnit 13:psychology2:culture and literatureUnit 2: culture shockUnit 4: foodUnit 8: native peopleUnit 9: bible storiesUnit 10: festivals and holidaysUnit 18: fiction3: society and callingsUnit 5: businessUnit 6: sportsUnit 11: advertis

6、ingUnit 12: agriculture4:science and technologyUnit 13: psychologyUnit 3: movieUnit14:mysteriesUnit 15: computerUnit 16: physical fitnessUnit 17: pseudoscienceTeaching Plan: UNIT ONE University Student Life: IntroductionText one discusses the definition of Student”, and how to be an excellent studen

7、t .and points out the qualities that a good student should have, such as the 4As; attitude, academic skills, awareness, accomplishment, and some other factors, like self-discipline, initiative, breadth of interests, an open mind, a critical habit of mind, objectivity, humility.The literary style of

8、text one is argumentation.t己敘文narration, narrative composition 議論文 argumentation, argumentative essay 說(shuō)明文exposition: Language points in Text OneOn being a student關(guān)于如何定義“學(xué)生”的問(wèn)題A student means more than merely being a pupil.學(xué)生” 不僅僅意味著種身份。Suggest 1) to put forward an idea or a plan for other people to

9、think about 建議； 提議 sth (to sb)May I suggest a white wine with this dish, Sir? VNI suggest (that) we go out to eat. V (that) I suggested going in my car. V -ingto tell sb about a suitable person, thing, method, etc. for a particular job or purpose推薦； 舉薦 sb/sth (forsth) sb/sth (as sth)She suggested Pa

10、ris as a good place for the conference.Can you suggest how I might contact him? V wh-to put an idea into sbs mind; to make sb think that sth is true 使想到；使認(rèn)為；表明 sth (to sb)All the evidence suggests (that) he stole the money.所有證據(jù)都表明是他偷了錢(qián)。V (that)The symptoms suggest a minor heart attack.癥狀顯示這是輕微心臟病發(fā)作。

11、VNWhat do these results suggest to you?照你看，這些結(jié)果說(shuō)明什么呢？ to state sth indirectly, indicate 暗示； 言下之意是說(shuō)His pale face suggests bad health. 。What makes the student stand out (much better or much more important) from the rest of the class? outstandingAccomplishment: the action of accomplishing something同義詞：

12、 achievement;an ability that has been acquired by training 同義詞： skill, acquirement, acquisition , attainmentThe Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment.阿波羅計(jì)劃與其說(shuō)是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)成果，不如說(shuō)是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)成就。accomplishment test 成績(jī)測(cè)驗(yàn)accomplishment evaluation 學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定The four As certain

13、ly are a large part of it, and a student who has them will be very likely to earn As. straight-AsIntellectual 名詞 intellectual:a person who uses the mind creatively 同義詞：intellect形容詞 of or relating to the intellect; of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind 同義詞： rational, noetic appealing

14、 to or using the intellect; involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct 同義詞： cerebral Hes a kind of intellectual superman.他是智力超常的人.He likes to set himself up as an intellectual.他喜歡自命為知識(shí)分子 .We admired his intellectual providence to acquire vast stores of dry information. 我們欽佩他收集大量原始資料的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓

15、識(shí)。The argument was too intellectual for me; I couldnt follow a word of it.這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太深?yuàn)W了，我一點(diǎn)都搞不明白。Intelligent: having the capacity for thought and reason especially to a high degreepossessing sound knowledge 同義詞： well-informedexercising or showing good judgment 同義詞： healthy, levelheaded, level-headed,

16、 soundendowed with the capacity to reason 同義詞：reasoning, thinkingMan can be incredibly intelligent at the point of danger.When a professor ;s style isnt to your liking :If something is to your liking, it suits your interests, tastes, or wishes.Academic skillslogic邏輯（學(xué)，邏輯性,合理的推理：the branch of philoso

17、phy that analyzes inference ;reasoned and reasonable judgmentthe principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situationa system of reasoning 同義詞：logical system , system of logicthe system of operations performed by a computer that underlies the machines representation of logical operation

18、sHis thinking goes against all logic. 他的思維完全不合邏輯.Logical: capable of or reflecting the capability for correct and valid reasoningbased on known statements or events or conditions 同義詞：legitimatemarked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts 同義： coherent, consistent, ord

19、ered, orderly capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner 同義詞： coherent, lucidWhen taking a course in political science, you should relate what you are learning to what is happening around the world.前一個(gè)分句是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，故省略。relate- to -Accomplishment is demons

20、trated by the successful application of what you understand.Demonstrate: vt. 示范,演示,證明 vi. 示威show or demonstrate something to an interested audience 同義：show, demo, exhibit, presentestablish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment 同義： prove, establish, showprovide eviden

21、ce for; stand as proof of; show by ones behavior, attitude, or external attributes 同義： attest, certify, manifest, evidenceShe demonstrated that 2 and 2 are four. Please demonstrate how the machine works.application: a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; t

22、he work of applying something eg. I didnt receive an acknowledgement of my application.The goal of education is to achieve the ability to apply one s knowledge in new, creative, and correct ways. 表/補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Abilities are not entirely what you are born with; some are achievable through dedicated efforts.Eff

23、icient: being effective without wasting time or effort or expense;able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively同義詞： effective adj. 效率高的, 勝任的The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient.最近供暖設(shè)備已稍力口改動(dòng)以提高效率。The new secretary is a quick, efficient worker, and the boss i

24、s quite satisfied with her.Sufficient: of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant 足夠的，充分的Until wed built up sufficient forces to drive the invaders back, we pursued a policy of containment.我們對(duì)入侵之?dāng)巢扇恐频姆结?，以備組織好兵力將之擊退。Given sufficient goodwill on both sides, theres

25、 no reason why this dispute shouldnt be resolved.只要雙方都有充分的善意，這種糾紛是沒(méi)有理由解決不了的。Deficient: inadequate in amount or degree 同義詞：lacking, wantingof a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement同義詞：insufficientfalling short of some prescribed norm 同義詞：inferior, substandardeg. We are deficient in hand

26、s. 我們?nèi)耸植粔?。initiative: readiness to embark on bold new ventures 同義詞： enterprise, enterprisingness, go-ahead the first of a series of actions 同義詞：first step, opening move, opening形容詞 serving to set in motion 同義詞：inaugural, initiatory , first, maidenadj.創(chuàng)始的，初步的，自發(fā)的n.第一步，首創(chuàng)精神；主動(dòng)權(quán)I put it all down to her

27、 hard work and initiative. 歸因于The child displayed great initiative in going to fetch the police.Its only the initiative of the investigation.fad: an interest followed with exaggerated zeal 同義：craze, rage His interest in photography is only a passing fad.Comprehensive: including everything that is ne

28、eded or relevant. 綜合的,廣泛的, 理解的 eg. He was educated at the local comprehensive school.他曾在地區(qū)的綜合中學(xué)受教育。The reporter has made a comprehensive report.rationally: consistent with or based on or using reasonadj. 合理的， 理性的，能推理的of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind 同義詞：intellectual, noetic cap

29、able of being expressed as a quotient of integershaving its source in or being guided by the intellect (distinguished from experience or emotion) No rational person would go to work in his pyjamas.任何神智正常的人都不會(huì)穿著睡衣去上班。evaluate: place a value on; judge the worth of something 同義詞： measure valuate, asses

30、s appraise, value form a critical opinion of 同義詞： pass judgment, judgeThe school has only been open for six months, so its too early to evaluate its success開(kāi)辦還不過(guò)六個(gè)月 ,所以 要對(duì)它的成績(jī)作出評(píng)價(jià)為時(shí)尚早。Lets evaluate the evidence.讓我們?cè)u(píng)定一下此證據(jù)的價(jià)值。claim: an assertion of a right (as to money or property) ; an assertion tha

31、t something is true or factual;demand for something as rightful or due; the right to do something動(dòng)詞：assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing; assert ones right or title to 同義詞：lay claim , arrogate; demand as being ones due or property; ask for legally or make a legal claim to, as of d

32、ebts, for examplen.要求，要求權(quán)；主張，斷言，聲稱(chēng)；要求物vt.要求，請(qǐng)求；主張，聲稱(chēng)，斷言eg. The matter claimed our serious attention. 這件事需要我認(rèn)真注意。Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident? 出了車(chē)禍后，你向保險(xiǎn)公司要求賠償了嗎？ He set up a claim to the throne.他自稱(chēng)王位是屬于他的。Deception: 騙局，詭計(jì)，欺詐 a misleading falsehood 同義： misrepresentation, dec

33、eit: the act of deceiving 同義：deceit an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers 同義詞： magic trick , conjuring trick , trick, magiceg. His pretended friendship was part of the deception. 他所謂的友誼是種騙局.It was an innocent deception, meant as a joke. 那是個(gè)無(wú)傷大雅的騙術(shù)，開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑而已。Deceive: be false to; be di

34、shonest with; cause someone to believe an untrutheg. Its not honorable to deceive them. He deceived me into signing the papers.You are deceiving yourself if you still believe that she loves you.validity: the quality of being logically valid 同義詞：rigor, rigour有效性，正確性，正當(dāng)the quality of having legal forc

35、e or effectiveness 同義詞： validnesseg. Mental acceptance of and conviction in the truth, actuality, or validity of somethingf valid, invalidvalid: well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force; still legally acceptableSee through: perceive the true nature of; support financially through a peri

36、od of time; remain with until completion eg. Move out of the way, please: I cant see through you!請(qǐng)借光，你擋著我就看不見(jiàn)了。Poke two holes in the sack so you can see through it.在袋子上戳兩個(gè)洞就能透過(guò)它看了。humility: a disposition to be humble; a lack of false pride 同義：humbleness: a humble feeling 謙遜, 謙虛,謙卑 eg. Humility in th

37、e wake of all those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me.我謙卑是因?yàn)樵谖抑?，許多美國(guó)歷史上偉大的建設(shè)者們都曾經(jīng)在這里發(fā)過(guò)言。1944年12月，麥克阿瑟 Douglas Macarthur被授予五星級(jí)上將軍銜。1951年，他與家人回到美國(guó)。在這次對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)的演講中，他以一句古老歌詞-個(gè)老兵永不死亡，他只是淡出舞臺(tái)”來(lái)宣告自己軍旅生涯的結(jié)束。Address before Congress 在國(guó)會(huì) 的演講carrel: a small table with walls“ aro

38、und three sidescummulative: increasing by successive addition 累積的，附力口的 同義 accumulative It is a cumulative process.逐漸積累 Accumulate: get or gather together 同義：roll up , collect, pile up, amass compile ;collect or gather 同義：cumulate, pile up, gather, amass eg. By investing wisely she accumulated a fort

39、une.Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not clean regularly. 房屋不經(jīng)常打掃 ，塵土彳艮快就越積越多。prominent: noticeable; having a quality that thrusts itself into attention 同義詞： outstanding, spectacular, striking conspicuous（顯著的，顯而易見(jiàn)的，顯眼的）in position or importance 同義詞： big, large 杰出的，顯著的，突出的 eg. The house is

40、 in a prominent position on the village green. Einstein was a prominent scientist.Part three: Language points in Section Batomophere: a particular environment or surrounding influence ; the mass of air surrounding the Earth 同義詞： air eg. There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite

41、different from the atmosphere of a big city.The peoples are in a festal atmosphere.各族人民都沉浸在節(jié)日的氣氛之中。The plants drink in moisture from the atmosphere.booth電話亭，亭，小間，貨攤 Ill give him a call from the phone booth on the corner.lighting : having abundant light or illumination eg .The stage lighting give the

42、 effect of a moonlit scene the act of setting something on fireprefer A to B; prefer swimming to hikingthey spend many hours sitting.in other words: otherwise stated 同義：put differentlyHis wife is my daughter, in other words, I am his mother-in-law. In other words, none of us can go to the movie.oral

43、: N: an examination conducted by word of mouthAdj: using speech rather than writing; of or relating to or affecting or for use in the mouthThe Cambridge Business Exams are part written, part oral. The old man told us a story passed on by oral tradition.factor: anything that contributes causally to a

44、 result; anything that make something happenFactory: -ory is a suffix that indicate a placemanufact: to make something by handfact=makecontradict: vt. 反駁, 與.矛盾 The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. Dont contradict your father.deny the truth of; be resistant to 同義：oppose, controvert; prove

45、negative; show to be false 同義：negatehonor system: a system of conduct in which participants are trusted not to take unfair advantage of others榮譽(yù)制度cheat on the exam:turn in homework done by someone else is forbidden. Turn in : n. 向里彎曲（進(jìn)去,歸還,繳還,上床就寢） to surrender someone or something to another 同義：han

46、d over, fork over, fork out, fork up , get in, deliver, render make an entrance by turning from a roadViolation of the honor system can result in a student s failing a course.Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 這種藥使用過(guò)量會(huì)損害月干臟.Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of

47、 concentration.緊張和疲勞常使人精神不集中。suspicion:猜疑，懷疑an impression that something might be the case; doubt about someones honesty; the state of being suspected eg. We regard her behaviour with suspicion. His words had sowed the seeds of suspicion in their fessional: engaged in a profession or engaging in as

48、a profession or means of livelihood ;of or relating to a profession adj.職業(yè)（上）的，專(zhuān)業(yè)的 n.專(zhuān)業(yè)人員Dont wear those clothes to work; try to look more professional! She is a real professional.Amateur: engaged in as a pastime 同義：recreational, unpaidlacking professional skill or expertise同義：amateurish, inexpert,

49、unskilledAmateur actors often overact. The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. He is an amateur painter.You would be silly to feel fed up about this. Fed up: annoyed, unhappy, tired of sth 厭倦 Shes fed up with being her husbands stooge（附屬品）. I am just a bit fed up.Part four: Lang

50、uage points in Section C （ text two ）Are you satisfied with what you achieve in the hours spent studying ?Satisfaction: the contentment you feel when you have done something right 賠償， 滿意，妥善處理， 樂(lè)事， 確信Your satisfaction is guaranteed. 包你滿意。 The store owner received satisfaction for the damage.Here are

51、some hints to help you make the most of your study time.help somebody do/to do/with something/doing something.Hint: an indirect suggestion 同義：intimation (暗示,諷示，通知)，breath (呼吸,氣息，微風(fēng)，跡象，精神)； a slight indication 同義： clueHe has given us no intimation of his intentions/what he intends to do.Do I detect a

52、 touch of jaundice (ie a slight hint of jealousy, etc) in that remark?我聽(tīng)出那話里有點(diǎn)兒忌妒之意吧？Well, cant just not give her a hint.噢，我不能不給她一個(gè)暗示。lecture note: 講義 the note taken when listening to a lectureIt can be helpful to go over new work with other students to check that you have grasped all the points.Go

53、over: hold a review (of troops) 同義：review, survey; examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition 同義：check, check up on, look into , check out, check over, check intoShe went over the room with a duster.她用抹布把房間擦得乾乾凈凈。She went over her lines before the first night of the play.她在該居 U首演前又練習(xí)

54、 了次臺(tái)詞。revise and review regularly.Revise : make revisions in; revise or reorganize, especially for the purpose of updating and improving n.校訂，修正，再校稿v.校訂,修正,校正 eg. He revised the manuscript of his book before sending it to the publisher.Review : look at again; examine again 同義詞： reexamine; appraise c

55、ritically 同義詞： critiquea new appraisal or evaluation 同義詞：reappraisal, revaluation , reassessmentan essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play) 同義： critique, critical review , review articleeg. The government is reviewing the situation. The play was very well reviewed.All

56、 prices are subject to review. 一切商品的價(jià)格都有可能調(diào)整。Regulate: fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of; bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations 同義詞：regularize, regularise, order, governeg. Your watch is always slow; it needs to be regulated.Accidents sometimes

57、happen even in the best regulated families. 即便是在管理最好的家庭 ,事故有時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)生的。This way, you will consolidate the groundwork and avoid panic before exams.consolidate: unite into one; make firm or secure; strengthen; bring together into a single whole or system; form into a solid mass or whole v. 鞏固，聯(lián)合，統(tǒng)一eg. The

58、 two companies consolidated last year. He bribes his leader to consolidate his position.Groundwork: the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained 同義詞： basis, base, foundation , fundament, cornerstone;lowest support of a structure 同義詞：foundation , b

59、ase fundament, foot, substructure, understructure; preliminary preparation as a basis or foundationeg. Constant practice is the groundwork for success in play the piano. The groundwork or source of something.When you revise, space out the time devoted to any one topic.Space out :把.間隔開(kāi) divide somethi

60、ng in to some minor partI was supposed to meet her, but I spaced out and forgot.我本應(yīng)該和她見(jiàn)面的，但我昏昏沉沉地以致把事給忘了 Space out the type more.把鉛字的行間空大些。devoted: give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause 同義詞： give, dedicate, consecrate commit, devote dedicate 同義詞： give, pay, devote adj. 投入的，深?lèi)?ài)的 v.投入e