中考英語語法代詞(共52張)

1、中考英語語法代詞(共52張PPT)中考英語語法代詞(共52張PPT)1人稱代詞2物主代詞3指示代詞4反身代詞5不定代詞6疑問代詞7連接代詞8關(guān)系代詞1人稱代詞 考點(diǎn)一 人稱代詞 人稱代詞即指對(duì)人的稱呼的詞（你、我、他等），分為主格和賓格兩種形式。 分類用法主格賓格單數(shù)I, you, he, she, itme, you, him, her, it復(fù)數(shù)we, you, theyus, you, them 考點(diǎn)一 人稱代詞 分類用法主格賓 分類用法主格賓格功能作主語作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語，be動(dòng)詞的表語，省略句中表示相同的情況例句She is a singer. 她是一名歌手。I can play

2、 the guitar. 我會(huì)彈吉他。We dont know him. 我們不認(rèn)識(shí)他。Me, too. 我也是。 分類用法主格賓格功能作主語作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞【巧學(xué)妙記】人稱代詞的主格和賓格人稱代詞分兩格，分為主格和賓格。主格句中作主語，賓語用的是賓格。句首、動(dòng)前用主格，動(dòng)后介后用賓格?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】人稱代詞的主格和賓格【溫馨提示】人稱代詞語序單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí)用“二、三、一（you, he/she and I）”；復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí)用“一、二、三（we, you and they）”。例如：You, he and I are all good friends. 你、他和我都是好朋友

3、。We, you and they like the same sport. 我們、你們和他們都喜歡同一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。注意：在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤、擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任時(shí)，把說話人I放在首位?！緶剀疤崾尽俊厩蓪W(xué)妙記】人稱代詞的排列順序人稱代詞并列現(xiàn)，排列順序記心間。單數(shù)形式二、三、一，復(fù)數(shù)形式一、二、三。若把錯(cuò)誤責(zé)任擔(dān)，第一人稱最當(dāng)先?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】人稱代詞的排列順序 考點(diǎn)二 物主代詞 物主代詞即指事物的主人（我的，你的，他的），分為形容詞性物主代詞（名詞前）和名詞性物主代詞（后無名詞）。 數(shù)人 稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourthei

4、r名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的 考點(diǎn)二 物主代詞 數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)【溫馨提示】形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別：詞類區(qū)別例句形容詞性物主代詞位于名詞前，用作定語，限定該名詞的意義May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的鋼筆嗎？你的更好用。名詞性物主代詞在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，后面不能再跟名詞【溫馨提示】詞類區(qū)別例句形容詞性位于名詞前，用作定語，限定該【巧學(xué)妙記】形物代詞能力差，自己不能來當(dāng)家。句子當(dāng)中

5、作定語，后面要把名詞加。名物代詞能力強(qiáng)，自己獨(dú)來又獨(dú)往。句子成分主表賓，后面名詞不能跟?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】形物代詞能力差，自己不能來當(dāng)家?？键c(diǎn)三 反身代詞 1. 反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 反身代詞就是指某人自己，單數(shù)以-self結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)以 -selves 結(jié)尾。第一、二人稱反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves構(gòu)成，第三人稱反身代詞由賓格人稱代詞 + self/selves構(gòu)成。 人稱數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves考點(diǎn)三 反身代詞 人稱第一人稱第二人稱

6、Tom enjoyed himself in the Water Park. 湯姆在水上公園玩得很開心。 “Ill teach myself. Im sure I can do it by myself. ” Linda said to herself. 琳達(dá)心里想：“我要自學(xué)，我確定我能獨(dú)立做它?！?Tom enjoyed himself i 2. 反身代詞的語法功能 （1）作賓語 當(dāng)主語與賓語是同一人時(shí)，賓語要用反身代詞，人稱和數(shù)要與主語一致 We teach ourselves English. 我們自學(xué)英語。 （2）作同位語 用來加強(qiáng)語氣，作主語的同位語時(shí)，有時(shí)為了使句子平衡而把同位語

7、放在句子末尾 I can do it myself. 我自己能做它。 2. 反身代詞的語法功能 （3）作表語 常與系動(dòng)詞be，look， feel，seem連用，表示或描述一種感覺、情緒或狀態(tài) I dont feel myself today. 我今天感到不舒服。 （3）作表語【巧學(xué)妙記】反身代詞表自身，“賓、表、同位”三成分。動(dòng)、介詞后作賓語，表示動(dòng)作回自身。表示強(qiáng)調(diào)同位語，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作“親自”任。系動(dòng)詞后作表語，各種用法記心中。【巧學(xué)妙記】反身代詞表自身，“賓、表、同位”三成分?？键c(diǎn)四 不定代詞 不明確指代某個(gè)（些）人、某個(gè)（些）事物的代詞叫不定代詞。不定代詞功能在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語和

8、同位語等分類肯定性both, all, many, much, one, other, each, another, either, a few, a little, some (someone, somebody, something, somewhere), any(anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere), every (everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere)否定性no, neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little考點(diǎn)四 不定代詞 不功能在句中可以作主語、表語、賓

9、語 不定代詞的特殊用法 (1)當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾不定代詞時(shí)，不定代詞總是位于修飾詞的前面。例如： There is nothing new in his speech. 在他的演講中沒有新內(nèi)容。 Did she tell you anything else? 她告訴你別的事情了嗎？ 不定代詞的特殊用法 (2)當(dāng)句子的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，其反意疑問句的主語通常用代詞they 來代替；當(dāng)句子的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，其反意疑問句的主語通常用代詞it來代替。例如： Everyone is here, arent they? 大家都在這兒，難道不是嗎？ Everything begin

10、s to grow in spring, doesnt it? 春天萬物開始生長(zhǎng)，不是嗎？ (2)當(dāng)句子的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，其 常見不定代詞的用法 1. some/any的用法比較 Would you like coffee? 你要來點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？ You can ask me question. 你可以問我任何一個(gè)問題。some（1）一般用于肯定句中，表示“一些，某些；某個(gè)”（2）也可用于疑問句中，希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答或委婉提出建議與要求any（1）一般用于否定句、疑問句及條件句中，表示“任何一個(gè)/ 一些”（2）也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思 常見不定代詞的用法some（1）一

11、般用于肯定 2. few，a few和little，a little的用法比較 The problem is too difficult, few students can work it out. 這道題太難了，沒幾個(gè)學(xué)生能做出來。The problem is not too difficult, there is still a few students can work it out. She says little but does much. 她說得少，做得多。There is still a little sugar left in the box, thus we neednt

12、buy it right now.little很少few很少表否定a little少量，有一些a few有幾個(gè)，有一些表肯定修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)名詞 2. few，a few和little，a 3. each/either/both/all/neither/none意義謂語動(dòng)詞形式句中的作用相同點(diǎn)each每一個(gè)(2)單數(shù)形式主語、賓語、定語、同位語都能與of短語連用, 且能在句中作主語都能單獨(dú)作主語either兩者中的任何一個(gè)單數(shù)形式主語、賓語、同位語both（兩者）都復(fù)數(shù)形式主語、定語、賓語、同位語all都（3）復(fù)數(shù)形式主語、賓語、表語、定語、同位語neither（兩者）都不單數(shù)形式主語、

13、賓語、定語none（3）都不單/復(fù)數(shù)都可以主語、賓語 3. each/either/both/al of the boys in our class like Yao Ming. 我們班所有的男生都喜歡姚明。 can speak Japanese in our class. 我們班里無一人會(huì)說日語。 of the boys 4. other/others/the other/the others/another 代詞區(qū)別otherothersthe othertheothersanother意義泛指另外的泛指另一些特指兩部分中的另一個(gè)（些）特指其余的一些泛指三者或三者以上的另外的一個(gè)用法常作形

14、容詞，修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)只能單獨(dú)使用，常用“some. . . others. . . ” 結(jié)構(gòu)可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾名詞，常用“one. . . the other. . . ”結(jié)構(gòu)Some.the others可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或“數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 4. other/others/the ot There are many foreigners here. are Americans, _ are Australians. 這里有許多外國人，一些是美國人，其余的全是澳大利亞人。 I have two photos. _ is black and white, is colourf

15、ul. 我這里有兩張照片。一張是黑白的，另一張是彩色的。 I dont like this one. Have you got any ? 我不喜歡這個(gè)，你還有別的嗎？ I dont like the pen. Please show me one. 我不喜歡這支鋼筆。請(qǐng)給我看另一支。 There are many foreign 5. one/it的用法比較 Joe has a pet dog. Its very lovely. I want to have like , too. one代指上文中提到的同類事物中的一個(gè)（非原物）it代指上文中提到的同一事物（原物） 5. one/it的用法

16、比較one代指上文中【溫馨提示】 it的其他用法(1)代指嬰兒或不明身份的人Whos knocking at the door? 誰在敲門？It must be my brother. 它一定是我的弟弟。(2)表示天氣、時(shí)間或距離Its 8: 00 now and its raining hard. 現(xiàn)在是八點(diǎn)鐘，雨下得正大。(3)答語中代替this/thatWhats that? 那是什么？Its a snowball. 它是一個(gè)雪球?！緶剀疤崾尽?(1)代指嬰兒或不明身份的人Whos kn(4)形式主語常見句式A. Its +adj. + (for sb. ) to do sth. B.

17、Its time for sb. to do sth. C. It takes (took/will take)sb. +時(shí)間+to do sth. D. It seems +that從句E. Its +adj. +that從句(5)形式賓語Youll find it interesting to be with us. 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)和我們相處很有趣。(4)形式主語常見句式A. Its +adj. + (fono相當(dāng)于adj. not a(any)可修飾C.U.We have no lessons(not a lesson) in the afternoon.=we have not any le

18、ssons in the afternoon.I have no (not a) books.none1 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上（人/物）2 謂語動(dòng)詞可單可復(fù)None of us know(s) French.no one只可指人不可指物No one can do this job.nothing一般只能指物，不能指人Nothing can be done easily.no相當(dāng)于adj. We have no lessons(n7Each 可少于三個(gè)，可以是兩個(gè)：注意力在個(gè)體上Every 至少三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上：注意力在整體上7_teacher will give a speech in the mee

19、ting._ student can pass the exam._teacher will give a spee 考點(diǎn)五 指示代詞、疑問代詞 1. 指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法thisthese一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人。Toys! These are my toys! 玩具！這些是我的玩具！指下面將要講到的事物。What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English我想說的是：發(fā)音在英語學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。 考點(diǎn)五 指示代詞、疑問代詞 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法thist單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法thatthos

20、e指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。In those days the workers had a hard time在那些日子里工人們有著艱苦的時(shí)光。指前面講到過的事物。I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了。那是我沒來的原因。有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常用that或those代替。Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai北京制造的電視機(jī)和上海制造的一樣好。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法thatthose指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人?！緶剀疤崾尽?1)打電話時(shí)

21、用this介紹自己，用that詢問對(duì)方。例如： is Sally speaking. Is Linda? 我是薩莉。你是琳達(dá)嗎？(2)that 常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；若前面提到的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用those代替。例如：【溫馨提示】The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than in Beijing in winter. 冬天廣州的天氣比北京的暖和得多。The apples on this tree are bigger than on that one. 這棵樹上的蘋果比那棵樹上的大。The weather in Guan

22、gzhou is m 2. 疑問代詞 常見疑問代詞及其用法疑問代詞意義基本用法例句who誰主語、表語With did you go swimming? _are you waiting for? whom誰賓語（who的賓格） 2. 疑問代詞疑問代詞意義基本用法例句who 疑問代詞意義基本用法例句 pen is this? movie do you like best? do you know about it? whose誰的定語（who的所有格）what什么主語、表語、賓語which哪個(gè)主語、表語、賓語 疑問代詞意義基本用法例句whose誰的定語（. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Simon

23、 and Linda didnt tell us the news. They wanted to keep the secret to _ (they). 2. The story _ (it) is interesting, but its a little difficult for children. . 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空3. Our teachers encourage us to join the volunteer project to help _ (other). 4. Their teachers are as friendly to students as _ (w

24、e). 5. Dont worry about your son. He is old enough to be independent and live by _ (he). 3. Our teachers encourage us t. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. Is your father or mother a teacher? _. My father is a doctor and my mother is an office worker. A. Both B. EitherC. Neither D. None. 單項(xiàng)選擇3.Where is my pen? Oh, sorry, I hav

25、e taken _ by mistake. A. yours B. mineC. hers D. his3.Where is my pen? 4.Jack, who helped _ make the model ship? Nobody! I made it all by _. A. your; my B. your, mineC. you; myself D. you; mine4.Jack, who helped _ ma5.Where did you go for your winter vacation? My family went to Paris. _ had a great

26、time. A. He B. She C. We D. They5.Where did you go for your w6. Theres _ wrong with the camera. Look! It works well. A. something B. nothing C. everything6. Theres _ wrong with 7. Welcome to my new house, Ann and John! Help _ to some fruit. A. myself B. yourself C. yourselves 7. Welcome to my new house, An8. Is this your key, Jenny? No. _ is in my handbag. A. His B. HersC. Mine D. Yours8. Is this your key, Jenny? 9.The pet cat in your hand is very nice. Is it _? Yes, but Ill give it to my friend L