現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件

1、關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第一張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問(wèn)式及簡(jiǎn)單回答形式（以動(dòng)詞study為例）： 肯定式：I （You）havestudied. He(She, It) has studied. We(You,They) have studied. 否定式I(You) have not/havent studied. He(She,It)has not/hasnt studied.第二張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 We(You,They) have not/ haven

2、t studied.疑問(wèn)式：Have I( you ) studied? Yes, you (I) have./No,you (I) havent. Has he (she,it) studied?Yes,he(she,it) has.No,he(she,it) hasnt. Have we(you,they) studied? Yes, you (we,they) have. No,you (we,they) havent.(2)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則與不規(guī)則你還記得過(guò)去式嗎？ 第三張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 請(qǐng)用兩個(gè)單詞分別寫現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，否定句和疑問(wèn)句。I have

3、written my postcard.I havent written my postcard.Have you written your postcard? Yes, I have. / No,I havent.第四張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1The room is cold。Who（open）the window？2 He（go）to the cinema。3 you（put）away my dictionary?4.We_(not finish) the work yet.5.I_(see) the play. I _(see) it last month with m

4、y sister.6.I am not hungry.I _just_(have) my dinner.7.Dont worry. The train_yet. A.arrived B.wont arrive C.hasnt arrived第五張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(3) 用法表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如： I have opened the window.我已經(jīng)把窗戶打開(kāi)了。（窗戶是開(kāi)著的） The concert has started.音樂(lè)會(huì)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始（音樂(lè)會(huì)現(xiàn)在在進(jìn)行） They have gone to Shanghai.他們已去上海

5、了（他們不在這里）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如yesterday,last year,in 1980,three days ago第六張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 Just now,when I came in等連用。但可以和一些不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如already,yet Sometimes,often,before,lately,once,never, Just,ever 等連用；也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如this morning, today, this Week, this year等連用。例如 She has already come.她已經(jīng)來(lái)了。 I

6、havent read it yet.我還沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這個(gè) Have you ever seen each other before?你們見(jiàn)過(guò)面嗎？第七張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月B.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如:today, these days, since,for,this month,now等連用。例如:I have studied English for two years. 我學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)兩年了。 They have lived in Beijing since 1980. 他們自年就一直住在北京。 Weve kn

7、own each other since we were children.我們從小就認(rèn)識(shí)。第八張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，二是終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作意義不會(huì)一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動(dòng)詞。如：work,read,write,study等。這些動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)可以和段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。終止性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如：come, go, buy, die, join, begin等。這些動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能和段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。在用法中要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替終止性動(dòng)詞。 She has been back fo

8、r two years.(正） She has come back for two years（誤）終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)的否定式表示一種否定狀態(tài)是可以延續(xù)的，所以其否定式可以和段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I havent seen him for ages.我好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了。（現(xiàn)在仍沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他）第九張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(漢語(yǔ)中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過(guò)”、“了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have never

9、 heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my math book. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化與過(guò)去式相同，不規(guī)則變化則須單獨(dú)記憶。用法：第十張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表

10、示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 如for、since 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。（注意：句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）一段時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for: +一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three years 過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since nine since last week 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since you came since you got home.注意:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間.He has been away since last week.He ha

11、s been away for one week.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)都用How longSince第十一張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的區(qū)別： have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了”，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。 試比較： He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京

12、了。 （人已走，不在這兒）?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)有何區(qū)別呢？請(qǐng)看：第十二張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之比較1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。 2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning,

13、 tonight, this summer, before, already,等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。第十三張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月請(qǐng)大家認(rèn)真分析比較下列各例句： I saw this film yesterday. （只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） She returne

14、d yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。)注意：句子中如有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents

15、 last night. 第十四張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與瞬間動(dòng)詞 瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如可說(shuō)“He has left.”但不能說(shuō)“He has left for three years.” 如果要表達(dá)“他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：一、用ago,使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 He left here three years ago.二、用“It is +一段時(shí)間since 一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用“ 一段時(shí)間have/ has passed + since

16、 + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句”第十五張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Three years have passed since he left here.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動(dòng)詞。 另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動(dòng)詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞形容詞或副詞介詞短語(yǔ)等。1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe第十六張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞 join the army join t

17、he Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open第十七張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語(yǔ) go to school join the army.我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了.He has

18、had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句be in schoolbe in the army第十八張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月自從上星期以來(lái),我就借了這本書. I have kept the book since last week.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book last we

19、ek.I became a student two years ago. Mr Black死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.第十九張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月小明參軍半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我們上了8年學(xué)了。We have been students for eight years.下課10分鐘了 The cl

20、ass has been over for ten minutes.9.電影開(kāi)始了一小時(shí)了 The film has been on for an hour.第二十張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“三看三用”一看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如果句中沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確切時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，則只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有無(wú)疑問(wèn)詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問(wèn)人家做過(guò)某事了嗎（句首無(wú)疑問(wèn)詞），常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；但進(jìn)一步詢問(wèn)何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時(shí)（句首有疑問(wèn)詞）就要用一

21、般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：第二十一張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.三看句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意： 這種用法是以連貫性問(wèn)答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?第二十二張，PPT共二十五頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercises( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you( ) 2. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; wat