高中英語名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解

1、請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主從

2、)(同位語從句)(賓從)(表從)(同位語從句)(定從)(主從)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞： that（無意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 連接副詞：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連

3、接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分 不可省略的連詞： 1. 介詞后的連詞 2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that，whether; 代詞：who, what ,which;副詞：when ,where, how, why等.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous

4、 singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主語從句1.It + be + 形容詞 that從句It is necessary / important/ obvious that2.It + be + -ed分詞 that從句It is believed that 人們相信It is known to us all that . 眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定3.It + be + 名詞 that

5、從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是4.It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句It appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用 虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is s

6、uggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 主語從句中的“主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),主句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意isareis1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your

7、 e-mail account. .(2005上海) A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京) A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts d

8、esire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海) A .where B .what C .that D. how Exercises 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。1.She did not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 賓語從句 (作動(dòng)詞的賓語)(作介詞的賓語)(作

9、形容詞的賓語)1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如： We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)

10、詞原形”。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。 2. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d. 從句后有“or not”時(shí)；e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)

11、。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 賓語從句中的“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think,consi

12、der,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：He told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finished注意4. 注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如： I know (that) he studie

13、s English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us fo

14、r America 賓語從句中用it作形式賓語We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.Exercises: “it”作形式主語或形式賓語： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. t

15、hem 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them ABBC在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣表語從句1.問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系

16、.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個(gè)問題的.3.天看起來要下雨了.The problem is_This is_.It looks_.that we have lost touch with him.how Henry solved the problem.as if it is going to rain.需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之

17、同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。 在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that(不能省)；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (shou

18、ld) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位語從句同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略） Exercise

19、s1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧) A. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever

20、.(2002上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they(2) Can you make su

21、re _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it isBCI.語序問題考點(diǎn)歸納D歸納 在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其它部分應(yīng)用_的語序。陳述II.用if 或whether 填空1. I dont know _ Ill be free t

22、omorrow.2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.5. _ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面

23、的賓語從句只能用_，不能用if ；b.后面緊跟 or not 時(shí), 用_.歸納whetherwhetherIII. that 與whether / if 的選擇： (1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will com

24、e soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?DCwhether / ifthatthat 表示是否時(shí)用_,表示肯定時(shí)用_歸納whether /ifthat1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何

25、成分，沒有詞義_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語， 表示“所的”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納. that， what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. Whate

26、verWhatWhoWhoever _等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個(gè)定語從句，而_等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho, what 1. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.which B. thatC. whatever D

27、. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseBCCExercises. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) b

28、e held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示建議, 請(qǐng)求, 命令, 要求,堅(jiān)持等的名詞性從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣.歸納2.在主語從句中用來表示驚奇, 不相信,惋惜,理應(yīng)如此等, 謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣( should ) + do,常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,) that e.g.It is

29、strange that she (should) think so.試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：1. 如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語從句中的that只起連接作用。 2. 定語從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。(同從)(定從)拓展1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. wh

30、at C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; becauseCCDConsolidation:4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. wh