高中英語語法省略句課件

1、Ellipsis省略Ellipsis 在英語中，為了避免重復而省去某些重復的部分，這種現(xiàn)象叫省略。如：: Beg you pardon. : Sounds like a good idea.: （ I ）Beg you pardon. : ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.定義 在英語中，為了避免重復而省去某些重復的部分，這種現(xiàn)象一 簡單句中的省略1、 省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略 一 簡單句中的省略1、 省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略2、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分。如： : Why (do you) not say hello to him ?2、省略主謂或主謂語

2、的一部分。如： : Why (do 3、省略表語。 : Are you thirsty? Yes, I am .: His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister .(thirsty).(lazy).4、同時省略幾個成分 : Lets meet at the same place as yesterday.(we met)同時省略主、謂語3、省略表語。 : Are you thirsty? : Have you finished your work ? Not yet.I have not finished my homework yet.I have not

3、 finished my homework yet.I have not finished my homework yet.: Have you finished your wor1. My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.省略相同的謂語動詞在由and連接的一些句子中，為避免重復常省略一些重復的詞或詞組。When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.二 并列

4、句中的省略1. My brother is a doctor and 2. Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 3. Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.4. His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 5. I was born in winter in 1988 an

5、d Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989. 6. He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train. 省略共同的主語或賓語。省略后面的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞省略后面的主謂成分省略主要動詞及后續(xù)部分省略重復的介詞，連詞及后續(xù)部分2. Mr. Smith picked up a coin 1、主句中有一些成分被省略，省略多用于句首, 如： : Sorry to hear you are ill.: Pity that he missed such a good chance

6、.( Im ) ( Its a )三 復合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略，省略多用于句首, 如： : : Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? I think so.soIm leaving for Beijing this Sunday.: Tom must be free today. If so, he can help us.sohe is free.從句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not來代替: Are you leaving for Beijin: It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.

7、notit is not going to rain.Note: so常用于替代肯定形式的從句， 而not常用來替代否定形式的從句。常見的動詞有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、fear等。這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. Why not?等等。: It is going to rain, isnt: We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.(that)2.賓語從句中的省

8、略賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但當有兩個并列的賓語從句時，第二個that則不能省略。 : Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.(that)由which, when, where, how和why引導的賓語從句，可全部或部分省略。 He will come back, but he doesnt know when ( he will come back).( he will come back): We all know (that) the eart3.定語從句中的省略A:在定語從句中，tha

9、t, which, who在從句中作賓語時可省略。: I havent read the book (that/ which) youre reading.(that/ which): The man (that/ who) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith.(that/ who)B: 定語從句中的“主語+系動詞be”可以省略。 The goods (which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet.(which were)3.定語從句中的省略: I hav

10、ent read th4.狀語從句中的省略在以when, while, once引導的時間狀語從句及以if, unless引導的條件狀語從句中和though, although引導的讓步狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語指同一對象，且從句中含有be動詞時，從句中可省去“主語+be”部分。4.狀語從句中的省略: When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.: When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent. he: If he is free, Jack will

11、 go with us. he was : If free, Jack will go with us. he is : When asked what: Unless invited, he wont come.: Unless he is invited, he wont come. he: While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is: While doing house work, my father often listens to music. he is he: Unless invit

12、ed, h動詞不定式中為了避免重復，省去與前面出現(xiàn)的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式結構中含有be，have, have been時，要保留這些詞。 : Are you going there? Yes, Id like to .: He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to .: Are you an engineer? No, but I want to .: He hasnt finished the task yet. Well, he ought to .(go there).(give me the cha

13、nce).behave四 不定式中的省略動詞不定式中為了避免重復，省去與前面出現(xiàn)的相同部分，只保留tAttention !使役動詞及感官動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須將to復原。: I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.: A man was noticed to enter the classroom.to X 這類使役動詞及感官動詞主要有一“感”:二“聽”:三“讓”:四“看”:feelhearlisten tohavemakeletwatchnoticeobserveseeAttenti

14、on !使役動詞及感官動詞后面作賓語補足語的不在以if引導的非真實條件句中若含有were, had, should時，?？梢允÷詉f而將were, had, should置于句首。: Were I you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug. Were: Had I a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.Had: Should there be bird-flu, what would we do?Should虛擬條件句中的省略If I were you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug.If

15、 I had a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.在以if引導的非真實條件句中若含有were, had, sh: He suggest we should set out right away.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建議、許可”或“禁止”等意義的名詞性從句中使用“should + 動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣的，should?？梢允÷?。如：: His suggestion is that we should set out right away.(should): The order that we should stay where

16、we are is very serious and severe.(should): Its very important that students should study hard at school.(should): He suggest we should set 介詞的省略（考點） 1. 一些常和動名詞、形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的 動名詞，常見的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；

17、stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。 eg. The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.介詞的省略（考點）2. 表示行為方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等詞組中，經(jīng)常被省略。 He did it (in) this way.2. 表示行為方式的in在in this way, in t八、會話中的省略。 省略在會話中應用廣泛

18、，無論是回答別人問題，還是在接別人說話時都會發(fā)生，否則就覺得累贅。 -Do you like this shirt? -Yes, (I like it) very much. (Come) This way, please. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).八、會話中的省略。PracticeExercises about Ellipsis.PracticeExercises about EllipsDiscovering useful structures3.Rewri

19、te these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.(_)P37Discovering useful structures3 2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospita

20、l. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor .(_) (_)(_)5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?or not. 2. A boy was on the left sid6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital .7. When your nose is blee

21、ding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat.8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course .not down your throat.6. She could not decided whethThese sentences are co

22、rrect. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?1)The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. The cottage (which is) surrounded by awall belongs to the local government. P37 4.These sentences are correct. H 2)The first bo

23、ok I read this term was more interesting than the second. The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term). 2)The first book I read this3) To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected. To her teachers surprise, s

24、he didbetter in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).3) To her teachers surprise, 4) I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have. I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned from the hospital). 4) I dont think they have re

25、 5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt. He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim). 5) He wanted to help the a 6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to. You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my f

26、irst aid notes). 6) You can borrow my first I. Choose the best answers.1)-Tomorrow is a holiday. Why areyou doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. toI. Choose the best answers.1)-2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthdayparty tomorrow

27、 evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do3)- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A.dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want2)-Shall I invite Ann to my4)-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all_. A. Ive no time B.

28、Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be glad to5)- Wont you have another try? - _. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I wont have C. Yes, I wont D. Yes, I will 4)-Ill be away on a busines 7)-Do you think it will snow tomorrow? -_? A.I dont think B. No, I dont think C. I dont think so D. No, I dont so 8)-Have

29、you fed the cat? -No, but_. A. Im B. I am C. Im just going D. Im just going to 7)-Do you think it will snII.單項選擇1. -I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to2. Although _ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told3. -Will y

30、ou waste time and money on that? - -Certainly_. A. I not B. dont C. not D. noII.單項選擇4. -Mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? -Yes, she_. A. attended B. didnt attend C. didnt D. did5. -Whats John doing? - _ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading6. _ always succee

31、d. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever4. -Mary didnt attend the 7. -Can you climb that tree, my boy? -_? A. I B. MyselfC. MineD. Me8. Some people are against the plan but _ support it. A. any more B. many mor

32、e C. much moreD. no more9. -Ill be away for a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like to D. Id be happy to7. -Can you climb that tree,10. -Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant? -_. Its too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree

33、C. Im afraid notD. Im sure11. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again.IfB. UnlessC. HadD. When12. -What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her bicycle.As she lost B. LostC. Because of losingD. Losing10. -Why not go and have a dII. 下列各句均有一處錯誤，請指出并改正。1. Our hometown is no longer what it

34、 used to.2. When I in trouble, I always turn to her for help.3. Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman.be第一個I 后加am 或去掉第一個I itII. 下列各句均有一處錯誤，請指出并改正。be第一個I 后4. No one can bear being laughed in public.5. When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt s

35、eem big at all.6. The goods were ordered last month havent arrived yet.at compared goods后加that 或去掉were4. No one can bear being laugh語法應試I. 改寫句子 （使用省略手段避免下面各句重復與冗贅）1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I dont know who has used it.2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.3. I have lazy

36、 students and hardworking students in my class.4. - Has he ever been abroad? - No, he has never been abroad.語法應試5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time.6. You must not be late and you must not be absent.7. Give me your name and address, please.8. It is well done.9. Mother can take a r

37、est, Mother should take a rest but Mother wont take a rest after long hours of work.10. He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didnt answer the questions.5. If it is necessary, we will 【語法專項訓練】 【單項選擇【 1“I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.”“Oh!

38、I _.” A. do not hope to B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not2.“Is Professor Tate very sick?”“Im afraid _.”A. so B. this C. to D. that3.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _.A. itB. thoseC. themD. one4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _

39、.A. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not do 【語法專項訓練】5.“Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?”“_.”A. I dont believeB. I dont believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not6.“Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.”“_.” A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent7.“Ill be away

40、on business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?”“Not at all. _.”A. Ive no timeB. Id rather notC. Id like itD. Id be happy to5.“Do you think its going to 8.“Why dont we take a little break?”“Didnt we just have _?”A. itB. that C. one D. that9.“There will be a new film on show.”“Im afraid _.” A.

41、 soB. maybe C. not D. that10.“We all hate pollution.”“ _.”A. Yes, everyone hatesB. Yes, everyone doesC. No, I like notD. No, I dont8.“Why dont we take a little 高考真題1. Would you like some more tea? _, please.（NMET2005，全國卷II，12）A. No moreB. Just a littleC. Ive had enoughD. Yes, I would2. Itll take at

42、least 2 hours to do this! Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. (NMET2005，上海 39)A. come onB. pardon meC. your are rightD. dont mention it高考真題1. Would you like some 高考真題3. How about putting some pictures into the report? _ A picture is worth a thousand words. （NMET2005，江蘇，24）A. No way.B. Why not?C. All

43、 right?D. No matter.4. When _ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (NMET2005，福建，33)A. offeringB. to offerC. to be offeredD. offered高考真題3. How about putting so高考真題5. Why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for? I planed to, but I was 50 _. （NMET2005，福建，34）A. fewerB. lessC. chea

44、pD. short6. Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little sons curious about those roses you grow.” _. Youre welcome. (NMET2005，湖北，25)A. Yes, I do B. Never mindC. Yes, pleaseD. Not at all高考真題5. Why didnt you buy t高考真題7. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rocket

45、s this weekend. Im sure we will win. Mike: _! （NMET2005，廣東，21）A. CongratulationsB. CheersC. Best wishesD. Good luck8. Tara: This is Tara Patel from cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? Smith: _ (NMET2005，廣東，22）A. Hello! B. Im Mr. Smith.C. Who are you?D. Speaking高考真題7. Tom: Mike, our team wi高考真題9. My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year. _ （NMET2005，重慶，22）A.Lets go.B. Cheer up.C. Like what?D. Take care.10. Have you been t