新人教版必修第三冊Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod4課時(shí)素養(yǎng)檢測含解析

1、PAGE 10 -Unit 1 Science and Scientists課時(shí)素養(yǎng)檢測四Unit 1Period 4. 閱讀理解 Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842, Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance(煩擾) as possible. They already had two children then, and would go on to have e

2、ight more in the country. Darwin had very regular habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9: 30 am, his most productive time of the day, and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work. At midday he would go for another walk with h

3、is dog, stopping at his greenhouse to inspect(查看)his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his “thinking path”, Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems. After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends pr

4、ovided information from all corners of the world. The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently to a background of playful shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door. After dinner Darwin played backgammon(a game fo

5、r two people to play) with his wife. He once wrote, “Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this: she. . . has won only 2, 490 games, while I have won, hurrah(a cheer of joy or victory), hurrah, 2, 795 games! ”Although he had poor health, Darwin continued to publish a lot of creative

6、works until his final book in 1881 came out. He died the following year, aged 73. Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard, which he called “the sweetest place on Earth”, Darwin was given a state funeral(國葬) in Londons Westminster Abbey. 【語篇概述】本文描寫了英國著名科學(xué)家達(dá)爾文安寧的個(gè)人生活。1. Why did the Darwins m

7、ove to Kent? A. To do more experiments. B. To cut their cost of living. C. To enjoy more peacefulness. D. To be together with their children. 【解析】選C。推理判斷題。由第一段中的“moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance as possible”可知達(dá)爾文夫婦搬家是為了免受外界的打擾, 以享受更多的安寧。2. What did Darwin d

8、o every day? A. He studied in the woods. B. He started to work at 9: 30 am. C. He wrote letters in the morning. D. He examined his experiments. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to inspect his experiments”可知達(dá)爾文每天都會(huì)去查看實(shí)驗(yàn)的進(jìn)展情況。3. What d

9、id Darwins children probably think of him? A. Strict. B. Warm. C. Cold. D. Brave. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。由第四段中的“The Darwins were not very strict parents. . . Their father worked patiently to a background of playful shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door. ”可推知在孩子們眼里, 父親達(dá)爾文應(yīng)該很溫和。4. What is this

10、 text mainly about? A. Darwins scientific achievements. B. The unusual state funeral of Darwin. C. Darwins personal life. D. Darwin has a large family. 【解析】選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段第一句即文章主旨句“Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life”?？芍疚拿鑼懥擞茖W(xué)家達(dá)爾文安寧的個(gè)人生活。. 閱讀填句How to keep yourself safe from new virus? Af

11、ter a new-type coronavirus was detected in viral pneumonia cases in Central Chinas Wuhan city a month ago, more cases have been reported in recent days. 1: Wear masks outdoors Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected. Make sure to wear it properly by tigh

12、tening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin. 2, a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others. Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissues(紙巾)Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but

13、 avoid covering with your hands directly. 3Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds. Before eating and after using the toiletAfter returning homeAfter touching trash or garbageAfter contacting with animals or handling animal wastesStrengthen your immune system a

14、nd exercise regularly Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections. Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals, railway stations and airports. 4. Seek prompt(及時(shí)的)medical attention if y

15、ou have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection. Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms. 5. Avoid eating raw meat or contacting with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection. A. If your hands are not visibly dirtyB. Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggsC.

16、 Wash your hands frequently and properlyD. Protect yourself and others from getting sickE. Wear a mask if transport or movement is necessaryF. If youre not feeling well or have symptoms of feverG. To prevent catching the infection, heres what you can do【語篇概述】本文主要講述面對新型冠狀病毒的挑戰(zhàn), 我們應(yīng)如何保護(hù)自己和他人。1. 【解析】選G

17、。根據(jù)下文所提出的建議可知G項(xiàng)中的heres what you can do是承上啟下的句子。2. 【解析】選F。根據(jù)下文a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others. “戴口罩防止你把病毒傳染給其他人”可知此處是說“如果你感覺不舒服或有發(fā)燒癥狀”。所以答案選F。3. 【解析】選C。此處是第三條建議, 應(yīng)該用祈使句。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知此建議與洗手有關(guān), 所以答案選C。4. 【解析】選E。根據(jù)上文avoid going to crowded places“避免去擁擠的地方”, 可知下文承接的是如果必須去的話建

18、議戴口罩。5. 【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文Avoid eating raw meat or contacting with wild animals or farmed livestock 可知此處是在飲食方面提出的建議, 所以答案選B, 意思是“肉蛋要徹底煮熟”。. 完形填空Almost all scientists failed many times before they finally succeeded. In their scientific work, they were all strict with themselves. When they first 1 their idea

19、s, they were always rejected. 2, they did not give up. It was their perseverance that made them successful. A 3 theory is the result of the scientific method. Scientists look at the world and try to describe and explain what they see. First they carefully observe what they are 4 in. To explain what

20、they have seen, they build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effects. Then they were 5 in their work. Finally the scientists test the theory to see if it matches what they have seen and if it can In fact, every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already kn

21、ew. Great thinkers or scientists are aware of this and try to 7 new and old ideas in 8 many different ways as possible. Some of the greatest scientists forced themselves to develop new ideas even when they tired or did not feel 9. They all knew that for each new idea that works, there are 10 ten tha

22、t do not. If we want to develop our 11, we can try using some of the thinking strategies(策略) of the great and famous. We may not be interested in becoming 12, but we probably all want to find new ways to improve our 13. Who knows, perhaps your next thought will be a new idea that changes the world?

23、So we should be well prepared to meet 14 in new life now and try our best to make great 15【語篇概述】本文主要講述了科學(xué)家的每一個(gè)促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展的新思想和新理論都是經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證和無數(shù)次失敗形成的。1. A. put upB. put onC. put asideD. put forward【解析】選D。短語辨析題。句意: 當(dāng)科學(xué)家最初提出他們的思想時(shí), 總是受到排斥。put forward“提出”; put up“舉起, 張貼, 安排住宿”; put aside“忽視”; put on“穿上, 上演”

24、。根據(jù)句意選D。2. A. SoB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. But【解析】選 C。上下文語境題。根據(jù)語境可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 且有逗號隔開, 所以用however。3. A. scientificB. certain C. sureD. expert【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由下文scientific method可知此處是scientific theory, 意為“科學(xué)理論是科學(xué)方法研究的結(jié)果”。4. A. curiousB. interestedC. cautiousD. characteristic【解析】選B。詞語辨析題。be interested in“對感興趣”

25、; be curious about“對感到好奇”; be cautious of“小心謹(jǐn)慎”; be characteristic of“表現(xiàn)了特征”。根據(jù)后面的介詞in可知選B。5. A. absorbedB. devotedC. focusedD. centered【解析】選A。短語辨析題。句意: 然后他們專注于他們的工作。 be absorbed in“專心致志于, 集中精力于”。B項(xiàng)與to搭配; C和D項(xiàng)與on搭配。6. A. seeB. watchC. noticeD. foresee【解析】選D。上下文語境題。根據(jù)下文的future可知此處是預(yù)見未來事件。foresee“預(yù)見;

26、預(yù)測”。7. A. constructB. exposeC. analyseD. combine【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)上文every new thought or idea has to be linked to what we already knew可知“每一種新想法與我們所了解的有聯(lián)系”, 所以我們要把新舊思想結(jié)合起來。combine. . . and. . . “使結(jié)合(聯(lián)合)”。8. A. asB. thanC. soD. such【解析】選A。固定搭配題。as many as possible“盡可能多地”。9. A. puzzledB. inspired C. bored

27、D. confused 【解析】選 B。邏輯推理題。由上文when they tired以及or后面的did not feel可知空格處是一個(gè)與tired相反意義的詞。inspired “有靈感的”。10. A. at mostB. at lastC. at leastD. in the least【解析】選C。上下文語境題。句意: 科學(xué)家都知道, 伴隨著每一種正確的新思想, 至少有十種想法是不正確的。根據(jù)句意選C。11. A. creativityB. conclusionC. enquiryD. chart【解析】選A。詞義辨析題。creativity“創(chuàng)造力”; conclusion“結(jié)

28、論”; enquiry“詢問”; chart“圖表”。句意: 如果我們也想發(fā)展我們的創(chuàng)造力, 應(yīng)該嘗試使用一些偉人或名人的思想策略。根據(jù)句意選A。12. A. artistB. scientistC. professorD. teacher【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)上文講述的內(nèi)容可知此處是成為科學(xué)家。13. A. life B. levelC. universeD. sense【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。我們或許不想成為科學(xué)家, 但是我們可能會(huì)想辦法改善我們的生活。所以答案選A。14. A. conflictsB. challengesC. cluesD. announcements【解析】

29、選B。詞義辨析題。conflict“沖突”; challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”; clue“線索”; announcement“宣告, 宣布”。此處表示迎接新生活的挑戰(zhàn)。15. A. contributionsB. effortsC. arrangementsD. preparations【解析】選A。短語辨析題。make contributions to“對作出貢獻(xiàn)”; make efforts to do“努力做”; make arrangements for“為做安排”; make preparations for“為做準(zhǔn)備”。句意: 盡最大努力為未來社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn), 根據(jù)句意選A。 . 語法填空

30、Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who developed cures for many dangerous 1. (illness). He also successfully invented a way to kill bacteria in milk and make it safe to drink. Pasteur was born in 1822, in Dole, France. He was a courageous student who 2. (frequent) asked questions, searched for ans

31、wers and challenged incorrect ideas. He 3. (receive) a Doctor of Science degree in 1847. While 4. (work) at the University of Lille, Pasteur discovered fermentation, a chemical change used to make bread, cheese and other foods, involved germs. He showed that heat killed the germs that cause fermenta

32、tion. This 5. (discover) led to his invention of a process for destroying harmful germs in food, which became 6. (know) as pasteurization(巴氏滅菌法). In the 1870s, Louis Pasteur sought to find a cure for anthraxa disease 7. mainly affects cattle. Firstly, he found anthrax was much more likely if farmers

33、 buried dead sheep with the disease in fields. Pasteur advised farmers not 8. (bury) any dead animals in areas where cattle may eat growing grass in the future. In 1881 he conducted an experiment to try out his vaccine(疫苗) for anthrax, which was 9. success. Pasteur died in 1895, in Saint-Cloud, Fran

34、ce. On his last day he remarked: “I should like to be younger, so as to devote myself 10. the study of new diseases. ”【語篇概述】本文介紹了法國化學(xué)家 、細(xì)菌學(xué)家巴斯德在巴氏滅菌及炭疽疫苗研究方面取得的重大成就。 1. 【解析】illnesses?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)空處作賓語, 表示“疾病”, 由many可知, 此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù), 故填illnesses。2. 【解析】frequently?？疾楦痹~。設(shè)空處作狀語修飾謂語動(dòng)詞, 表示“常?！? 所以填副詞frequently。3.

35、 【解析】received?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由in 1847可知, 設(shè)空處表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, 應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。4. 【解析】working?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此處動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句子中作狀語。Pasteur與work之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, 且由While可知, work表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生, 故填working。5. 【解析】discovery?？疾槊~。根據(jù)空格前的限定詞This可知填名詞, 作主語, 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)” 。6. 【解析】known?？疾檫^去分詞。設(shè)空處作表語, which在此指代process, 因?yàn)閗now與process之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 故填known。7

36、. 【解析】that/which?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句, 修飾disease, 且在從句中作主語, 故填that/which。8. 【解析】to bury?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此處動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。advise sb. not to do sth. 意為“建議某人不做某事”。9. 【解析】a?？疾椴欢ü谠~。success在此是抽象名詞具體化的用法, 表示“一件成功的事” 。10. 【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。devote oneself to. . . 意為“致力于”。閱讀理解Childhood obesity rates are rising in many parts of

37、 the world, but in Amsterdam they are falling. The citys healthy weight programme has seen a 12 percent drop in overweight and obese children. “ Go! ”shouts the instructor. Tyrell throws himself forward to do sit-ups, then jumps up and runs to the end of the gym and back again. Though tired, the nin

38、e-year-old is smiling, working hard and having fun. He is also part of Amsterdams efforts to improve the health of its children. At the back of the gym, Tyrells mother, Janice, is sitting with other parents watching the fitness class. “Hes really happy, because he knows he is doing something. ” she

39、says. A year ago, Tyrells school told Janice her son was overweight. Children in Amsterdam are now regularly weighed and tested for agility(敏捷) and balance. Kristel is Tyrells health nurse. In a health centre in south-east Amsterdam, Kristel explains how she helps families such as Tyrells. The most

40、important thing is not to communicate in a standard way, because everybody already knows eating sugar and eating fast food are unhealthy. She says, “You really want to communicate the message on the level the parent and the child understand. So, when the child is overweight, it is more important for

41、 them to tell you what they think is going wrong. ” Janice thinks Tyrell was snacking on unhealthy food and playing computer games after school too much. Tyrell has been taken to the supermarket to find healthier food choices and also introduced to some after-school activities. He now plays tennis, goes to gym class and is