名詞性從句課件

1、名詞性從句Grammar and usageNoun ClausesJust have a go. Can you choose the best answer to each sentence from 07 NMET?1. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _ you read.2007上海春 A. that B. what C. which D. whether2. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Wa

2、rm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.2007天津 A. what B. which C. how D. where3. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.2007浙江 A. where B. what C. when D. why 4. You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.2007安

3、徽 A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that5. Wheres that report? I brought it to you _ you were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday.2007北京 A. if B. when C. because D. before6. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. 2007福建 A. how B. what C. whichD. when7. Hav

4、ing checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 2007湖南 A. why B. that C. when D. where Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to Chin

5、a again.在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞從句His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語表語 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does ever

6、y day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.賓語同位語 1. _ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what主語從句賓語從句Practice3. This is _ he was

7、often late for school.A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move表語從句同位語從句At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog

8、 is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity. Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them.Appositive Clause (同位語從句)Subject Clause (主語從句)Object Clause

9、(賓語從句)Predicative Clause (表語從句)1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project ha

10、s not been decided yet.Subject Clause主語從句為防止主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語。1. It is certain that he will succeed.2. It is not known whether he will go there.3. It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.“It is used as empty subject形式主語Its likely/possible/important/necessary/cle

11、ar that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/ reported that 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道It seems/appears/happens that顯然、明顯、 碰巧Its been announced/declared that已經(jīng)通知/宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪/無疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知)/ a common saying (俗話說) that在下列句型中常使用that引導(dǎo)主語從句賓語從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語成分(可以作謂語動詞、介詞、不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語)They know that

12、 the habit will kill them.It all depends on whether they will support us.He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job. I find it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the following clauses.that, whether, if

13、(that 常可省略)who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how賓語從句連詞 當(dāng)whether后緊跟or/or not時,不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not 介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 注意1. Whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 在主+謂+it (形式賓語) +賓補+that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略We must make it clear that we mean what

14、 we say. 由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語從句中,第二個that 不省略。He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.2. that在賓語從句中的省略與保留The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表語從句:在句中充當(dāng)表語成分，一般放

15、在連系動詞之后。 作用：對主語進行解釋說明。表語從句連接詞when / where / why / how / because that / whether /as if /as though (if 不引導(dǎo)表語從句)連接代詞who / whom / whose / which / what連接副詞同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news等)后面，對名詞作進一步解釋說明。同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where / why / how / whether 1) The id

16、ea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect (視察) them.3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位語從句1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./

17、 The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a th

18、ree-day visit in China.4. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5. Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3. Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the v

19、iew._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.Do the Exercis

20、e on page 9Useful Phrasesreduce paina scientific studybreath insniff pleasant smelltake the painbe related to be linked to減少疼痛一次科學(xué)研究吸進聞香味忍受疼痛與相關(guān)與相聯(lián)系 分析以下賓語從句中的連詞I dont doubt thatyou will succeed.I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.3個句子中的連詞that,

21、whether, if 是否在名詞性從句中只起連接作用，在句中不擔(dān)任成分,被稱為連接詞注意：A. that 本身無意義，在賓語從句中可以省略，但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意義，在賓語從句中二者通?？梢曰Q。但whether 可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句，而if 僅可以用于賓語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接詞一、名詞性從句的語序1 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種a. That + 陳述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all. This is what we are looking for.名詞

22、性從句考點歸納b. 疑問詞+句子的剩余成分(2) 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序，不能用一般疑問句語序。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )二、名詞性從句連接詞的選用(1) that 和what 的選用that 和 what 都可引

23、導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句。但是，what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分，可做從句的主語、賓語、或表語。而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用。that / what1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true ?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I h

24、ave no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata. 主語從句b. 表語從句c. 同位語從句e. 介詞后的賓語從句f. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用if to do.g. whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if.if 和whether 的選用不能使用if 的情況：1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open a

25、ir tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhet

26、herwhether / ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif / whether其它連接代詞和副詞的連用主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義，正確的選擇 who、which、when、where、why、 how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既具有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他長的什么樣子。I have no ide

27、a _ he looks like.這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat可省略的情況：that不可省略的情況：主語從句表語從句同位語從句用it做形式賓語的賓語從句并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that的省略單個賓語從句中的that可省略1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ o

28、ur team won the match inspired us.5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/ (that)1.同位語從句的格式：2.能接同位語從句的名詞有：3.連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用三、同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別n.+ 連接詞 + 從句fact, idea, news,

29、order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等whether, what, when, where 等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some dou

30、bt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/ whether / where/ how1.定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時可省略。2.同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明，說明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed t

31、he hope that they would come to China again.1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAPAPATAttributiveor Appositive He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm n

32、ow.名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣, 結(jié)構(gòu)為 should + do, should 可省略 a.他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的。 He believes _ . b.請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么。Please tell me _ .his dream will come true some dayat this time yesterday賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)1. 如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài)。what you were doing他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。He t

33、old me _ .他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。He told me _.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的。The teacher told us _.he was preparing for the examination he had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line2. 如果主句謂語是過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài),但從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規(guī)律等時,從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。1. The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he o

34、ften lied2. The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo), 不能用why引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why 或者that 引導(dǎo)。在名詞性從句中，我們還須特別注意以下問題：whythatthatthatPractice timePart A and Part B on page 11.have anything to do withoverall healthmake the most ofmisuse our sensesignore our sense of t

35、ouchrather thanwear a nightshirtbe pleasant to touchsleep deeplygive sb. chance to do sth.與有任何關(guān)系全身健康充分利用誤用我們的器官無視我們的觸覺而不是/勝過穿著睡衣手感好睡得深給某人時機做某事Language Pointsat the North Polemake ones way toget to my destinationwalk through the thick snowbecome worseIt is/becomes impossible to do sth.lose sight ofco

36、ntinue walking sweat with fear在北極朝某地走去到達我的目的地走過厚厚的積雪變得更糟做某事不可能看不見繼續(xù)走害怕得出汗1. They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3. I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when

37、 C. what D. thatChoose the best answer4. The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6. Word has come _ some American guests will come f

38、or a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. which7. The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 8. They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 9. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; wh

39、y B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 10. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because11. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if12. It is known to us _ where there

40、is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that13. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon14. I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he b

41、roke C. He broke D. His break15. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what16. Can I help you? Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes17. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if18. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to f