課標(biāo)版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)專題三《形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞（講解練）》教與學(xué)

1、專題三 形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞高考英語考點(diǎn)一形容詞、副詞的基本用法一、形容詞的基本用法1.形容詞的句法功能考點(diǎn)清單題組訓(xùn)練根據(jù)提示,完成下列句子Is there anything new in todays newspaper?No.Nothing new(沒有新內(nèi)容).We have no rooms available(可用的房間)for you.2.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成(1) 副詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如hard-working勤勞的(2) 名詞詞干+過去分詞,如man-made人造的(3) 名詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如time-consuming耗時(shí)的(4) 名詞詞干+形容詞,如world-famous世

2、界聞名的(5) 數(shù)詞詞干+名詞,如five-star五星級的(6) 數(shù)詞詞干+名詞-ed,如three-legged三條腿的(7) 數(shù)詞詞干+名詞+形容詞,如five-year-old 5歲的(8) 形容詞詞干+過去分詞,如ready-made現(xiàn)成的(9) 形容詞詞干+名詞-ed,如kind-hearted好心的(10) 形容詞詞干+現(xiàn)在分詞,如ordinary-looking相貌一般的(11) 形容詞詞干+形容詞,如red-hot熾熱的題組訓(xùn)練英譯漢bravely-fighting 英勇戰(zhàn)斗的well-known 聞名的deep-set深陷的fast-changing飛速變化著的snow-c

3、overed被雪覆蓋的energy-saving節(jié)省能源的grass-eating食草的snow-white雪白的ten-year-old十歲的four-storied四層的二、副詞的基本用法1.副詞的句法功能 2.副詞及enough作狀語的位置 3.常見的連接性副詞 4.有些副詞還可以作連詞,但作副詞時(shí),常放在句末。如though, (ever)since, in case等。 She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. = Though she promised to phone, I heard nothing. 她答應(yīng)要打電話來。可我

4、沒聽到回信兒。He came to this school in 1988. He has been working here ever since.= He has been working here since he came to this school in 1988. 1988年他來到了這個(gè)學(xué)校,自那時(shí)起,他一直在這里工作。I dont think it will rain, but I will take my umbrella, just in case.= I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain.我認(rèn)為不會(huì)下雨,但

5、我會(huì)把我的雨傘帶上,以防萬一。題組訓(xùn)練句型轉(zhuǎn)換It was a hard job. He took it though. =Though/Although it was a hard job, he took it.=It was a hard job. However, he took it. =Hard though/as the job was, he took it.He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him since.=We havent heard from him since he left home two

6、weeks ago.構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級一般加 -er, -eststrong強(qiáng)壯的stronger較強(qiáng)壯的 strongest最強(qiáng)壯的以字母e結(jié)尾只加 -r,-stlate晚的later較晚的latest最晚的以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫這一輔音字母后再加 -er,-esthot熱的thin瘦的hotter更熱的thinner較瘦的hottest最熱的thinnest最瘦的以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,將y變?yōu)閕,再加 -er,-estangry生氣的ugly丑的early早的angrier較生氣的uglier較丑的earlier較早的angriest最生氣的ugliest最丑的ea

7、rliest最早的考點(diǎn)二形容詞、副詞的比較等級一、形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在形容詞前加more或mostenthusiastic熱情的quickly迅速地more enthusiastic更熱情的more quickly更迅速地most enthusiastic最熱情的most quickly最迅速地注意:(1)詞尾為“元音字母+y”時(shí),y不變,直接加 -er或 -est。greygreyergreyest(2)有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)詞以及以 -er和 -le結(jié)尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級形式。commoncommoner/more commonc

8、ommonest/most commonclevercleverer/more clevercleverest/most cleversimplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple(3)有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,故沒有比較級和最高級。如right正確的,wrong錯(cuò)誤的,excellent 最好的,favorite最喜歡的,final最后的,last最后的,possible可能的,first第一的,east東方的,empty空的,wooden木制的,impossible不可能的。2.不規(guī)則變化 二、形容詞、副詞比較等級基本用法

9、1.形容詞、副詞平級基本用法 2.形容詞、副詞比較級基本用法用法例句比較級+than.(比更)He gets up earlier than anyone else in his class. 他比班里其他人都起得早。less+多音節(jié)形容詞、副詞原級+than.(不如)This book is less interesting than that one.這本書不如那本書有趣。the+比較級+of(兩者中更的)He is the taller of the 2 boys.他是兩個(gè)男孩中較高的。no+比較級+than.(兩者同樣不)He is no taller than his brother

10、.他和他弟弟一樣不高。the+比較級.,the+比較級.(越,就越)The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get. 你賣的票越多,掙的錢就會(huì)越多。比較級+and+比較級(越來越)The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 這個(gè)新城市變得越來越美麗了。注意: (1)比較級修飾語常見的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit,three times等。The students

11、study even harder than before. 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。(2)比較的對象不能相互包容,常見的句型是:比較級+than+The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. 密西西比河比美國其他任何一條河都長。China is larger than題組訓(xùn)練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空The more he talked, the angrier(angry)he became.This film is more interesting(interest) than any

12、other one that I have ever seen.He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less(little) beer.用法例句(the+)最高級+Li Ming is the most hard-working student in his class.李明是他班里最努力的學(xué)生。Of all the subjects,I like art best.在所有的課程中,我最喜歡美術(shù)。否定詞+比較級=最高級He has never spent a more worrying day. 他過了最擔(dān)心的一天。修飾最高級的

13、有:序數(shù)詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like等The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河最長的。3.形容詞、副詞最高級基本用法三、表示倍數(shù)的幾個(gè)句型句型例句倍數(shù)+as.as.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain.倍數(shù)+比較級+than.At a rough estima

14、te,Nigeria is three times bigger than Great Britain.倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain.倍數(shù)+what從句The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2017.倍數(shù)+that/those of.The output of this year is 3 times that of 2017.考點(diǎn)三形容詞、副詞構(gòu)詞法一、構(gòu)成形容詞的常見后綴 二、形容詞+-ly構(gòu)成副

15、詞的規(guī)則 溫馨提示注意以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞friendly友好的lovely 可愛的lively精力充沛的lonely孤獨(dú)的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的daily每日的weekly每周的題組訓(xùn)練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive(attract) to young people.The book provides valuable(value) information on recent trends.Im truly(true) sorry that things had t

16、o end like this.We are all entirely(entire) responsible for our actions.There have been some problems but basically(basic) its a good sys-tem. 考點(diǎn)四易混形容詞、副詞的用法1.表示不定數(shù)量的常用表達(dá)與名詞的搭配關(guān)系 形容詞(性短語)修飾例句(a)few;several;(a good)many;a(great/large/small)number of;dozens/scores/hundreds of復(fù)數(shù)名詞Since Ive read quite a

17、 few Eng-lish books, I know a good many words and phrases. 因?yàn)槲议喿x過不少英文書,所以我知道很多單詞和短語。a bit of;(a)little;less;a great deal of;a large amount of;(the)least;much不可數(shù)名詞Everyone needs a little bit of en-couragement.誰都需要一點(diǎn)鼓勵(lì)。all;a lot of;lots of;enough;plenty of;masses of;a large quantity of;large quantitie

18、s of復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞Make sure she gets plenty of fresh air.要確保她多呼吸新鮮空氣。There are plenty of restaurants nearby. 附近有許多餐館。many a單數(shù)名詞Many a parent has had to go through this same painful pro-cess. 很多父母都不得不經(jīng)歷這一相同的痛苦的過程。題組訓(xùn)練單句改錯(cuò)Many a glad day have come in my life.havehasThere is a plenty of evidence of poverty

19、.去掉aYou can take as much books as possible.muchmany2.ago, before 副詞用法例句ago從現(xiàn)在算起一段時(shí)間以前,常與一般過去時(shí)連用I graduated from the college twenty years ago. 20年前我畢業(yè)于這所大學(xué)。before從過去某一時(shí)間算起一段時(shí)間以前,常與過去完成時(shí)連用She said that she had married him five years before. 她說5年前她嫁給了他。不表示“一段時(shí)間以前”,只表示“從前,以前”He asked me whether I had be

20、en to the Great Wall before. 他問我以前是否去過長城。題組訓(xùn)練用ago, before填空I was asked what I was doing a month ago.I called him up last night, but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days before.Have you seen this film before?3.possible,probable,likely 題組訓(xùn)練用possible, probable, likely填空Studies show that pe

21、ople are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.It is very late. I will come back as soon as possible.It is likely/possible/probable that they will meet with some opposition.副詞用法例句ever曾經(jīng)。一般用于疑問句、否定句、比較結(jié)構(gòu)或帶 if 的句子中,常常和完成時(shí)連用I dont think Ive e

22、ver been here before.我覺得我以前從未到過這里。If youre ever in Seattle, come and see me.你要是什么時(shí)候到了西雅圖,就來看看我吧。once曾經(jīng)。用于肯定句中,與一般過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)連用I once ran 21 miles.我曾經(jīng)跑過21英里。Sonya and Ida had once been close friends.索尼婭和艾達(dá)曾經(jīng)是很親密的朋友。4.ever, once 題組訓(xùn)練用 ever, once填空Have you ever been to Beijing?I once lived in Beijing.5.l

23、ate, later, latter, latest, lately 題組訓(xùn)練用 latter,later,late,lately,latest填空He is oftenlatefor schoollately, and nobody knows the reason. A monthlater, he handed in thelatterpart of his essay. Sara has all thelatestpop records.6.as well, also, too, either 題組訓(xùn)練用either,too,also,as well 填空He speaks Engli

24、sh and Spanishas well.Healsospeaks Spanish. He speaks Spanish,too.I dont like the red shirt and I dont like the green oneeither.區(qū)別例句almost可以與any,no,nobody,never,nothing搭配,但nearly 卻不能跟這些詞搭配。在表達(dá)中也經(jīng)常用hardly any,hardly anybody 來代替almost no,al-most nobodyAlmost nobody came to the party.=Hardly anybody ca

25、me to the party.幾乎沒人來參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。You can find the meaning of almost any word here.在這里你可以找到幾乎任何一個(gè)詞的意義。否定詞not 可放在nearly 之前,構(gòu)成not nearly結(jié)構(gòu),意為“一點(diǎn)兒也不,相差甚遠(yuǎn)”,但沒有not almost結(jié)構(gòu)She is not nearly as pretty as her sister.她一點(diǎn)兒也沒有她妹妹漂亮。almost 和nearly 都可用于修飾具有極端之意的形容詞,但卻不能用于修飾不具有極端之意的形容詞That is a(n) almost/nearly perfec

26、t plan.那幾乎是一個(gè)完美的計(jì)劃。7.nearly,almost,hardly題組訓(xùn)練用nearly,almost,hardly填空Almostnone of us could solve the math problem,for it is too difficult.I must be getting fatI can hardlydo my trousers up.There isntnearlyenough time to learn all these words.8.so,such 9.somewhere, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere 考點(diǎn)五數(shù)詞一

27、、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的基本構(gòu)成 表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的多少,序數(shù)詞表示順序或等級。基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的基本構(gòu)成如下:11011192090中整幾十的數(shù)詞100基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞onefirsteleveneleventh 1 hundred1 hun-dredthtwosecondtwelvetwelfthtwentytwentieth1 thousand1 thou-sandththreethirdthirteenthirteenththirtythirtieth1 million1 millionthfourfourthfourtee

28、nfourteenthfortyfortieth1 billion1 billionthfivefifthfifteenfifteenthfiftyfiftieth1 trillion1 trillionth表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的多少,序數(shù)詞表示順序或等級?；鶖?shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的基本構(gòu)成如下:sixsixthsixteensixteenthsixtysixtieth sevenseventhseventeenseven-teenthseventyseventieth eighteightheighteeneighteentheightyeightieth nineninthnineteennineteenthninetyninetieth tententh 注意:1.基數(shù)詞:112單獨(dú)記;1319詞尾為后綴-teen;2090逢十詞尾為后綴-ty;2199(除逢十詞外)在十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間加連字符(如:twenty-one);101999先說幾百,再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)(或末位數(shù))(如:26