春季高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(共33張)課件

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考綱解讀1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考綱解讀1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式2動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表主動(dòng)、將來(lái)；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成。3動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表主動(dòng)、將來(lái)；31.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：概述：2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her sea

2、t.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.41.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：概述：2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitive）一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本構(gòu)成：由不定式符號(hào)to加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。其否定式由not+不定式構(gòu)成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：to have done二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用法動(dòng)詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成份。5動(dòng)詞不定式（The Infinitiv

3、e）一. 動(dòng)詞不定式的(1)作主語(yǔ) 不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 謂語(yǔ) + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor.6(1)作主語(yǔ) 不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。To句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to d

4、o sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的） （ Kind/nice/good/clever）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak

5、to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.7句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to d常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：(2)作賓語(yǔ) I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget,

6、 mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做賓語(yǔ)1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He ha

7、d promised _ ( give ) me a hand.8常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：(2)作賓語(yǔ) I want to know thrememberforgetregret+to dodoingremember/forget/regret+to do :記得/忘記/后悔去做某事 (未做)remember/forget/regret+ doing :記得/忘記/后悔做過(guò)某事 (已做)9remember+to doremember/forgettrymeanstopgo on+to dodoing+to do 做另一件事情（已經(jīng)完成一件工作） +doing 做同一件事（還沒(méi)完成)mean to do 打

8、算，想mean doing 意味著10try+to do+to do 做另一件事情（已經(jīng)完成一件(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him11(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(與賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系實(shí)際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系advise

9、 allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wishobligewant warn remindpromise permitpersuade requestsb. to do(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)12advise allow ask sb. to do(3)作see watch hearlisten to feelnotice+sb. +dodoing donemake lethave(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)13see +sb. +domake let(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)sb. beseen watched looke

10、d atheardlistened to feltnoticed+to do madelet14sb. beseen +to do made142).Ioftenhearthemsingthissong. Iwouldhavehimwaitformeforalongtime. 注意：當(dāng)這類動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式則要加上“to”如： He is often heard _ the song.Hewasseen_theroom. to singtoenter152).Ioftenhearthemsingthis4. it作形式賓語(yǔ)I find/feel to work with him

11、interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。 主語(yǔ)+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.164. it作形

12、式賓語(yǔ)I find/feel to work 三.動(dòng)名詞的功用1.可作主語(yǔ)Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingIts a waste of time copying others homework.There

13、is no joking about the matter.動(dòng)名詞（gerund）17三.動(dòng)名詞的功用1.可作主語(yǔ)Seeing is belie2.可作賓語(yǔ) S. + vt.+ doingHave you finished reading the book?I suggest doing it in a different way.在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式，常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：避免錯(cuò)過(guò) (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone建議完成 (多) 練習(xí) suggest / advise finish practise喜歡想象 禁不住 enjoy/appre

14、ciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help承認(rèn) 否定 (與) 嫉妒 admit deny envy逃脫 冒險(xiǎn) (莫) 原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind注：在動(dòng)詞advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒(méi)有人稱賓語(yǔ)，后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語(yǔ)則后跟不定式。例如 We dont allow people to fish here. 我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚(yú)。 People are not allowed to fis

15、h here. 人們不準(zhǔn)在這兒釣魚(yú)。182.可作賓語(yǔ) S. + vt.+ doingHave ydoing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng): want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + be worth (值得)使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義to be done使用不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，依然用被動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義 The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). This pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question

16、is well worth (discuss)19doing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng): w分詞：Participles一 分詞的概述1. 分詞是“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn) 在分詞（Present Participle）和過(guò)去分詞（Past Participle）。 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞：doing 過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 V+ed 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 3.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中 作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。20分詞：Participles一 分詞的概述1. 分詞是“非謂現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)Do you know the woman talki

17、ng to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water總之，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成。21現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：1.語(yǔ)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分二、分詞的作用1、作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種形式。它可以放在被修飾的名詞之前，稱為前置定語(yǔ)。有的放在被修飾的名詞之后，稱為后置定語(yǔ)。（1）前置定語(yǔ)Make less noise. Theres a s

18、leeping child.We only sell used books.我們只賣用過(guò)的書(shū)。（2）后置定語(yǔ)The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾的名詞前；如果是短語(yǔ)，放就放在被修飾的名詞之后。The bridge built last month needs repairing.上個(gè)月建造的那座橋需要修理。22二、分詞的作用1、作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)有兩種形式。它可以放在被修（3）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成

19、，只表完成。如：the question discussed yesterday昨天討論的問(wèn)題（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）the fallen leaves落下的樹(shù)葉(只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng))2、作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩裕贿^(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”，過(guò)去分詞表示“感到”. 分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：She was too frightened to move.她被嚇得一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。What you said is really inspiring.你所說(shuō)的真令從鼓舞。23（3）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表3、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

20、語(yǔ)可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street. We found the boy sleeping. A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . I found them painting the windows. （現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）I found the windows p

21、ainted. （過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成）243、作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以跟賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 see, wa現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別四、作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. 25現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別四、作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.When they heard the bad news26Hearing the bad news, When thGiven more attention, the trees could have grown bett