2023屆高考英語一輪復習被動語態(tài)-第二講（教師）講義（含答案）

1、被動語態(tài)-第二講引入別再躺著刷手機了！小伙躺著玩手機睡著牙被砸斷：近日，寧夏醫(yī)科大學總醫(yī)院口腔醫(yī)院收治了一名牙冠斷裂的年輕小伙。小伙自述，他和很多年輕人一樣，睡覺前喜歡玩一會兒手機?？粗粗瘉砹耍植恢挥X松了力氣，手機滑落，一下子重重地砸在嘴上，正中牙齒。當即覺得上門牙疼得厲害，再一摸，半顆牙已經(jīng)斷了.好在小伙醒目，掉落的半顆牙沒扔，而是帶著就醫(yī)，醫(yī)生最終幫其斷齒復位，修復了牙齒。知識集結(jié)模塊一：過去進行時的被動語態(tài)1. 概述：（1）過去進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，表示過去正在進行的被動動作。例：This film was being shown at that time那時候，這部電影正在被放

2、映。（2）過去進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般不與表示一段時間的狀語或表示次數(shù)的狀語連用，這時需要用完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。例：The watch was being repaired twice （錯誤） The watch has been repaired twice （正確）2. 用法：過去進行時的被動語態(tài)形式為：主語+was/were+being+過去分詞（+by+主語）例：Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday昨天這個時候，我們正在種樹?！纠?-1】（*）My house _ (decorate) when you visi

3、ted Beijing last time，so I didnt invite you to my home【答案】was being decorated【解析】根據(jù)句中when引導的時間狀語從句when you visited Beijing last time可知，這是強調(diào)的過去的事實，且My house與decorate之間為被動關(guān)系，由此可知當時是我的房子正在被裝修，所以使用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)?！纠?-2】（*）Mr.Lee couldnt know the incident happening in the company，because he _ (treat) for a sp

4、rain（扭傷）in hospital then.【答案】was being treated【解析】考查過去進行時的被動語態(tài)根據(jù)主句用了一般過去時態(tài)，故從句也應用過去的某種時態(tài)，且he與treat之間是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，then暗示正在接受治療，用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)，故填was being treated?！纠?-3】（*）The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they _ (take) now.【答案】were being taken【解析】本題前半句用的是過去時，那么根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，所填部分也應該用過去時的相應時態(tài)，根

5、據(jù)句意“襲擊者被逮捕后不知道現(xiàn)在正被帶到哪?！笨芍獣r態(tài)為過去進行時，且主語與動詞take之間為被動關(guān)系，應用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)?！揪?-1】（*）1Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ (exhibit) at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. 2As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she _ (watch) by a tall man in a dark

6、 overcoat. 3He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _ (follow). 4Professor Li keeps telling his students that the future _ (belong)to the well-educated.5After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only to be told that it _ (decorate).6He _ (admit) as a member of the foo

7、tball team of their school.7With all the problems _ (solve) at the meeting, the newly-elected manager felt rather relaxed.8The 2018 World Cup _ (host) in Russia.9With the governments aid,those _ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.10Millions of young women _ (employ) in the

8、various industries.11The building is regularly _ (inspect) by the fire-safety officer.12I _ (replace) the worn-out tyre with a new one.【答案】1were being exhibited2was being watched3was being followed4belongs5was being decorated6was admitted7solved8will be hosted9affected10are employed11inspected12repl

9、aced【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：天津傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)，像剪紙在2010年上海世博會文化展展出。句中主語為Traditional folk arts，故謂語動詞用復數(shù)，主語和謂語動exhibit之間是被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)2010，可知用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)，故填were being exhibited?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：當波莉觀察火車上的乘客時，她感到有一個穿著黑大衣的高個子男人正在監(jiān)視她。由observed可知應用過去的時態(tài)，且強調(diào)過去某個時刻正在做某事，應用過去進行時，主語she與watch構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去進行的被動語態(tài)。故填was being watched。考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)

10、。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也沒有回頭看看是否正被跟蹤。根據(jù)hurried及句意可知，本題應該使用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)，表示“正在被跟蹤”。故填was being followed。考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：李教授不斷告訴他的學生，未來屬于受過良好教育的人。belong在從句中作謂語，結(jié)合上文Professor Li keeps telling his students可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為future，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填belongs?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：放學后我們?nèi)ラ営[室看書，卻被告知閱覽室正在裝修。結(jié)合語境可知指“去的時候，閱覽室正在裝修”應用進行時，且結(jié)合上文we went

11、to可知為過去進行時，且it與decorate構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應用過去進行時的被動語態(tài)，主語為it，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填was being decorated?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他被錄取為他們學校足球隊的一員。主語he與謂語動詞admit構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且描述過去發(fā)生的動作應用一般過去時，主語為he，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填was admitted?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：會議上所有問題都解決了，新當選的經(jīng)理感到很輕松。此處為with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，problem與solve構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應用過去分詞。故填solved。考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：2018屆世界杯將在俄羅斯舉辦。此處表示將來要發(fā)生的動

12、作應用一般將來時，且主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填will be hosted?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：在政府的幫助下，那些受地震影響的人已經(jīng)搬到了新的定居點。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知affect在句中應用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語those構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應用過去分詞作定語。故填affected?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：數(shù)以百萬計的年輕婦女受雇于各行各業(yè)。本句中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且陳述客觀事實應用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語為Millions of young women，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。故填are employed。考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：消防安全主任定期檢查這座大樓。句

13、中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)上文The building is regularly可知為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填inspected。考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我把舊輪胎換了一個新的。replace在句中作謂語，結(jié)合語境描述過去發(fā)生的動作應用一般過去時。故填replaced。模塊二：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，且主語是行為動作的承受者。例：They have been told about it for many times有人告訴他們這事很多次了。2. 用法：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式為have/has+been+過去分詞（by+主語

14、）例：The orphan has been well looked after by them這位孤兒一直受到他們很好的照顧?！纠?-1】（*）Her own story _ (write) and this book is expected to come out next week【答案】has been written【解析】根據(jù)句子的時間狀語next week，可知，下周就要出版，說明這本書已經(jīng)寫完了，所以應使用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，再根據(jù)主語story與謂語write間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)。【例2-2】（*）The singers music v

15、ideo _ (view) nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago【答案】has been viewed【解析】根據(jù)句中的時間狀語since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago可知，主句應該使用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語music video和謂語動詞view之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)?！纠?-3】（*）Readers，another program hosted by Dong Qing，_ (acknowledge) to b

16、e a breath of fresh air among varieties of shows recently.【答案】has been acknowledged【解析】根據(jù)句意“另一個由董卿主持的節(jié)目讀者最近在各種各樣的節(jié)目中被認為是耳目一新的?！焙涂芍@句話主語是Readers為一檔電視節(jié)目，故謂語用單數(shù)，而且readers和acknowledge是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又因為句尾的recently，可知要使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)?！揪?-1】（*）1Their living conditions _ (improve) in the past few years. 2Ever since

17、 the organization was founded in 1998, as many as 800 members _ (admit).3Food and clothing _ (transport) to Yibin, Sichuan Province since earthquakes happened there. 4Without electricity and the water supply, the town _ (affect) greatly so far. 5Thousands of films _ (produce) all over the world in t

18、he last few years.6In the last few years, many high-speed rail systems _ (build) in China. 7It is the third time that he _ (win) first prize in the competition. 8-Why is everyone so joyous?Dont you know that Jane _（admit) to her ideal college? They are now celebrating. 9So far, Mamas Bank Account _

19、(translate) into several languages. 10Technology _ (see) some amazing developments in the last few decades.11Recently, global fried chicken brand KFC _ (prohibit) its famous slogan “Its finger-licking good” because of health concerns during the pandemic. 12The report is really exciting that poverty

20、relief work _（do）in China up to now.【答案】1have been improved2have been admitted3have been transported4has been affected5have been produced6have been built7has won8has been admitted9has been translated10has been11has prohibited12has been done【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。態(tài)句意：他們的生活條件在最近幾年得到了改善。根據(jù)時間狀語in the past few ye

21、ars可知，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，句中主語living conditions與improve之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填have been improved。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自1998年該組織成立以來，已有多達800名成員被接納。根據(jù)句中時間狀語Ever since 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語 members與admit之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填have been admitted?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：自從四川省宜賓市發(fā)生地震后，食物和衣服已經(jīng)被運送到那里。根據(jù)since及其引導的從句的時態(tài)可知，空處應用現(xiàn)在完成時，且Food and clothin

22、g與transport之間是動賓關(guān)系，此處作謂語，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，因此填have been transported。考查現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：由于停水停電，這個小鎮(zhèn)目前已經(jīng)受到了很大的影響。根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時。且單數(shù)名詞the town與affect之間是動賓關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，故填has been affected?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里全世界產(chǎn)生了數(shù)以千計的電影。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中缺失謂語，所以空處需填動詞，作謂語，又因句中是在講述過去發(fā)生的事到目前為止有什么結(jié)果，所以時態(tài)應用現(xiàn)在完成時，且與主語是被動語態(tài)，故填have b

23、een produced?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年中，中國建造了許多高速鐵路系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語In the last few years可知，應用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語high-speed rail systems 與build之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填have been built。考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：這是他第三次在比賽中獲得一等獎。分析可知，句中結(jié)構(gòu)為固定句式“It is the +序數(shù)詞+time that+主語+have/has done”，意為“某人第幾次做某事”，主句謂語為現(xiàn)在時“is”，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。結(jié)合從句主語為“he”，應是第三人稱單數(shù)形式 “has d

24、one”。故填has won?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：為什么每個人都這么開心？你不知道嗎？Jane考上了她理想的大學，他們正在慶祝呢。分析句子可知，Jane和admit（允許）之間是被動關(guān)系，且考上大學這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時，還要注意主謂一致，主語Jane為單數(shù)第三人稱。故填has been admitted?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，媽媽的銀行賬戶已經(jīng)被翻譯成了幾種語言。分析句子可知，設空處為謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語So far，可知為現(xiàn)在完成時，而主語和謂語之間是被動關(guān)系，應用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，并且主語為單數(shù)，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)的形式，故填has

25、been translated?？疾闀r態(tài)。in the last few decades與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用，technology不可數(shù)名詞看作單數(shù)，所以填has seen。考查時態(tài)。句意：因為在疫情期間對健康問題的關(guān)注，最近，全球炸雞品牌肯德基已經(jīng)禁止其著名廣告語“吮指留香”。 時間狀語recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；句子主語global fried chicken brand KFC是單數(shù)意義，現(xiàn)在完成時的助動詞應用has；主語和prohibit之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系， 故填has prohibited?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，中國的扶貧工作已經(jīng)完成，這是一份令人興奮的報告。時

26、間狀語up to now意思為“到目前為止”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；主語poverty relief work和do之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)；work是不可數(shù)名詞，助動詞用has；do是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去分詞為done。故填has been done。模塊三：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)1. 過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)強調(diào)在過去某一時間之前的動作對過去造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動作的承受者，表示已經(jīng)被。例：We had built five new buildings by the end of last year截止去年年末，我們已經(jīng)修建了5棟新大樓。2.

27、用法：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)形式為：had+been+過去分詞（by+主語）例：The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in這個男孩被提醒他的家庭作業(yè)還沒上交。【例3-1】（*）When Li Ming hurried home，he found that his mother _ (send) to hospital.【答案】had been sent【解析】根據(jù)句中的found可知，后面的賓語從句也應該使用過去時的相應時態(tài)，而his mother和send之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以需要使用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意可知，

28、他媽媽被送往醫(yī)院應該是在他發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，即過去的過去，所以使用過去完成時。【例3-2】（*）He _ (ask) again and again，but he didnt tell me the truth.【答案】had been asked【解析】根據(jù)句意“問了他一次又一次，但是他也沒有講出事實?！币约熬渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知ask的動作發(fā)生在didnt tell之前，即過去的過去，應使用過去完成時，又因為he與ask構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)?！纠?-3】（*）A former Chinese soldier，who _ (trap) in India for half a century，f

29、lew home to China on February 11，2017【答案】had been trapped【解析】根據(jù)句中的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，who引導的為一個非限制性定語從句，用來修飾句子的主語A former Chinese soldier，而主句中的時態(tài)為一般過去時（flew），定語從句中的時態(tài)為主句時態(tài)之前的動作行為，即過去的過去，所以使用過去完成時；且引導詞who（A former Chinese soldier）和trap之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)。【練3-1】（*）1I _ (hope) to send him a telegram to congratulate h

30、im on his marriage, but I didnt manage it. 2An incredible tree-house restaurant _ (completed) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. 3The twins who _ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton in the yard. 4The old couple found their house _ (break) i

31、nto when they came back home from the trip. 5More than 3000 trees _ (plant) in this area by the end of last year. 6It was the first time in a year and a half that I _ (see) my parents. 7I was very nervous because it was the first time that I _ (invite) to an opening banquet. 8The manager was happy t

32、o learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ (book). 9He was upset, because his car _ (damage) seriously.10When we got there after the accident, we were told that the injured _ (send) to the nearest hospital yet. 11The kid was annoyed because he _ (cheat) out of the money by his older brother. 12We _ (

33、arrive) there before it began to rain.【答案】1had hoped2had been completed3had finished4broken或 had been broken5had been planted6had seen7had been invited8had been booked9had been damaged10had been sent11had been cheated12had arrived【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我本想給他發(fā)封電報祝賀他結(jié)婚，但未辦到。hope的動作早于didnt manage，應用過去完成時。had ho

34、ped“本希望做某事”，表示與過去事實相反的動作。故填had hoped。考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：一個令人難以置信的樹屋餐館截止上月底完工了，很多人都去那里吃飯。根據(jù)by the end of last month可知，應使用過去完成時，complete與主語是邏輯被動關(guān)系，應使用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填had been completed?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：這對已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)的雙胞胎被允許到院子里打羽毛球。根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞were allowed可知，他們完成作業(yè)應該是在被允許打羽毛球之前，因此，應用過去完成時，強調(diào)“過去的過去”。故填had finished?？疾檫^去分詞。句意：當這

35、對老夫婦旅行回來的時候， 發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的房子有人闖入。該句可以看作是“find+賓語+過去分詞作賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)；賓語their house與break into是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應用過去分詞作賓語補足語；break是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去分詞為broken。也可以看成find后是省略that的賓語從句，從句謂語動詞的動作break into 發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞動作found之前，是“過去的過去”，用過去完成時；從句主語their house與break into是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had been broken。故填broken或had been broken。考查動詞時

36、態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：到去年年底，這個地區(qū)已種了三千多棵樹。根據(jù)后文“by the end of last year”可知應用過去完成時，且主語trees和plant之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been planted。考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：這是一年半以來我第一次見到我的父母。題干用到了固定句式：It is /was the 序數(shù)詞 time that“這是第幾次做某事”，當主句中用is時，that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時；當主句中用was時，that從句用過去完成時。故填had seen。考查過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：我很緊張因為這是我第一次被邀請參加開幕宴會。根據(jù)It was t

37、he first time that 主語+過去完成時態(tài)+其它，及I 和invite之間是被動關(guān)系，所以句子用過去完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故填had been invited?？疾檫^去完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：經(jīng)理很高興地得知五分之四的票已經(jīng)被預定好了。本句“車票預定”的動作發(fā)生在“經(jīng)理得知”之前，為“過去的過去”故用過去完成時，且book與從句主語four-fifths of the tickets 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故從句用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been booked?？疾檫^去完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：他很沮喪，因為他的車受損嚴重。結(jié)合句意可知，受損damage發(fā)生在was upset之前

38、，即過去的過去，要用過去完成時。句子的主語his car與謂語動詞damage是被動關(guān)系，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been damaged。考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：事故發(fā)生后，當我們到達那里時，我們被告知傷者已被送往最近的醫(yī)院。由yet和前面的句子we were told that可以知道事情發(fā)生在過去的過去，所以時態(tài)是過去完成時，且主語the injured與send之間是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，且謂語動詞用復數(shù)。故填had been sent。考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：這個小孩子很惱怒，因為他的哥哥把他的錢騙走了。根據(jù)主句的was可知，從句動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，應用過去完成時，且h

39、e與cheat之間是動賓關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，故填had been cheated?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：我們在開始下雨之前就到了那里。分析句子成分可知，設空處需填入動詞形式作謂語，又根據(jù)句意可判斷，“到達”發(fā)生在“開始下雨”之前，即“過去的過去”，所以應用過去完成時，故填had arrived。模塊四：其他1.主動表示被動（1）表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動詞，read, sell, wash, write 等。The cloth washes well. 這個布料洗起來不錯。（2）感官動詞，smell, feel, taste, look, sound等。This piece of music so

40、unds good. 這首歌聽起來不錯。（3）某些動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表達被動含義，如:need, want, require, worth等。 The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. 自行車該修了。（4）“主語+be+ adj. +to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中， to do 用主動形式表達被動含義。The question is easy to answer. 這個問題容易解答。【注：被動形式表達主動含義的短語】 be seated 坐著; be hidden 躲藏; be lost 迷路; be drunk 喝醉; b

41、e dressed 穿著2.不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況（1）不及物動詞及不及物動詞短語無被動：appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持續(xù)), happen, take place, break out, break down, belong to, come out 等。 A fire broke out during the night. 昨晚發(fā)生了火災。（2）系動詞無被動，如：be, feel, sound, look, smell, taste 等。 Although he is 50 years old, he looks young. 盡管他已經(jīng) 50 多

42、歲了，但是他看上去很年輕。 （3）某些靜態(tài)動詞無被動，如：have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。My shoes dont fit me. 我的鞋不合適。 （4）反身代詞或相互代詞作賓語的句子不能用被動語態(tài)。 We have helped each other for over two years. 我們相互幫助有兩年多了。3.省略to的不定式的被動語態(tài)一些感官動詞和使, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have等后面的賓語補足語是動詞但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to要補回來。Sh

43、e was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 剛才有人看見他進了會議室。The boy was made to work for two hours by him yesterday. 他昨天讓這個男孩工作了兩個小時。4.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)很簡單，只需要在情態(tài)動詞后+be+過去分詞即可，一般習慣與虛擬語氣一起考察。Books cant be taken out of the reading room. 書不能被帶出閱覽室。Many people suggested us that our money should be kept

44、 safely. 許多人建議我們的錢應該安全保管?！揪?-1】（*）1Do you know why glasses of this kind made in this factory _ (wear) so comfortably? 2The knife needs _ (sharp). 3They were looking for a place that wasnt easy _ (find). 4With a lot of work _ (do), I couldnt go to the supermarket. 5She is an ordinary woman but she is

45、 really worth _ (respect). 6Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth _ (take). 7His music deserved _（preserve）in the family. 8Our class _ (consist) of 23 girls and 29 boys. 9One major recommendation at the me

46、eting is that these traditional customs _ (preserve). 10Children under 14 must be _ (accompany) by an adult.11Its believed that education shouldnt _ (measure) only by exam results. 12The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ (give) two weeks to prepare for the exam. 13His face _ (refl

47、ect) in the big mirror when he passed by. 14It has been decided that the book shall _ (revise).15A new cinema _ (build) here. They hope to finish it next month. 16The teacher insisted that every minute _ (make) full use of to do the work well. 17The main stream of a river frequently _ (divide) into

48、two or more branches near its mouth. 18Please make sure that all the lights _ (switch) off at night. 19With a lot of problems _ (solve), the newly-elected president will have a hard time. 20When Tracy was told her sons illness could _ (cure), she left the hospital in relief. 【答案】1wear2sharpening，或to

49、 be sharpened3to find4to do5respecting6taking7preserving/to be preserved8consists of9(should)be preserved10accompanied11be measured12(should) be given13was reflected14be revised15is being built16(should)be made17is divided18are switched19to solve20be cured【解析】考查主動表被動和時態(tài)。句意：你知道為什么這家工廠生產(chǎn)的這種眼鏡戴起來很舒服嗎?

50、分析句子可知，空格處應填謂語動詞，wear“穿著；戴著”用作不及物動詞，主動表被動。因為（從句主語）為復數(shù)名詞glasses，句子為一般現(xiàn)在時，需用動詞原形。故填wear。考查動名詞及被動語態(tài)。句意：這把刀需要磨鋒利點。根據(jù)句意及所給詞sharp可知，sharp要用它的動詞形式sharpen(使鋒利)；又因為空格前動詞need的特殊用法：sth need doing=sth need to be done，這里的needs sharpening=needs to be sharpened，意為“使這把刀變得鋒利”。故填sharpening ,或to be sharpened?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句

51、意：他們當時在尋找一個不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方。由wasnt可知find在句中應使用非謂語動詞形式，find與主語place之間為被動關(guān)系，分析句子可知此處使用的是“be +形容詞+to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中動詞不定式形式表達被動意義，故填to find?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：我有很多工作要做，不能去超市。分析句子可知此處是with+賓語+賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)，作句子的原因狀語，因此do應使用非謂語動詞形式。由句意可知工作還沒有做，表示將來，所以用動詞不定式表將來，且賓語和賓補之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用主動形式表示被動含義。故填to do?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。句意：她是一個平凡的女人，但她真的值得尊敬。be wo

52、rth doing值得做。主動表達被動。根據(jù)句意，故填respecting?？疾榉侵^語短語。句意：有時我們覺得冒點兒不必要的險是值得的，因為當我們衡量風險和回報時，風險似乎是值得冒的。be worth doing sth.值得做某事。故填taking?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：他的音樂值得被保留在家族中。分析句子可知，sth deserve doing（動名詞用主動形式表被動含義）和deserve to be done是固定搭配意為“值得做”，符合此處語境。故填preserving或to be preserved?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z和時態(tài)。句意：我們班由23個女孩和29個男孩組成。consist of“

53、由組成”，該短語沒有被動語態(tài)也沒有進行時，相當于be made up of；本句的主語是their class，在本句中表示的是一個整體，所以謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。故填consists of?？疾檎Z態(tài)。句意：會議上的一個主要建議是應該保存這些傳統(tǒng)習俗。分析句子可知，主語“these traditional customs”與“preserve”是被動關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)“recommendation”可知，其后對它進行補充說明的同位語從句應用虛擬語氣，從句結(jié)構(gòu)為that sb. should do sth.,should可以省略。故填(should)be preserved?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。

54、句意：十四歲以下的兒童必須由成人陪同。本句主語是Children under 14，謂語動詞是accompany，主謂之間是被動關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，空前已經(jīng)有must be，所以空處填動詞的過去分詞形式，故填accompanied?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。句意：人們認為教育不應該僅僅用考試成績來衡量。that從句中主語education與謂語動詞measure構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且shouldnt后跟動詞原形。故填be measured?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意：老師同意了給學生兩周時間來為考試做準備的建議。分析句子成分可知，that引導同位語從句，做suggestion的同位語，有“建議、命令”等意義的名詞后的同

55、位語從句的謂語用“（should）+動詞原形”的形式，又因為students與give之間是被動關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)形式。故填(should) be given。考查動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：當他經(jīng)過時，他的臉映在大鏡子里。 分析句子可知，reflect是謂語動詞，與主語His face是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)when引導的時間狀語從句使用了一般過去時可知，主句用一般過去時，且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was reflected?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。句意：已經(jīng)決定對這本書進行修訂。根據(jù)句意可知，the book與revise是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應使用被動語態(tài)，空前有shall，be動詞使用原形

56、。故填be revised?？疾闀r態(tài)/語態(tài)。句意：這里正在建一座新電影院。他們希望下個月完成。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一個句子缺少謂語，由句意可知時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進行時，主語cinema與動作build(建造)之間為被動關(guān)系，謂語動詞應使用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)be done, 主語cinema為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故填is being built。考查謂語動詞。句意：老師堅持要求要充分利用每一分鐘把工作做好。由主句謂語動詞insist（堅持要求）可知從句為虛擬語氣，謂語動詞形式要用“should+動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。make與主語every minute之間為被動關(guān)系，謂語動詞應使用被動

57、語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)be done ，故填(should)be made?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：一條河流的干流經(jīng)常在河口附近被分成兩條或多條支流。此處陳述客觀事實，使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語The main stream of a river和divide構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填is divided。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：請確保夜間所有的燈都被關(guān)掉。句中涉及短語“switch off”，意為“關(guān)上，關(guān)掉”，根據(jù)句意可知，句子陳述的是客觀要求，故應用一般現(xiàn)在時，lights與switch off之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故句子應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，lights為可數(shù)名

58、詞復數(shù)形式，與are連用，switch的過去分詞為switched。故填are switched?？疾閯釉~不定式。句意：由于有許多問題要解決，新當選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。此處是with復合結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞短語a lot of problems與動詞solve構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，而且這是一個將來要發(fā)生的動作，故使用動詞不定式（to do），本處用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。故填to solve。考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當Tracy被告知兒子的病能夠被治好時，她輕松地離開了醫(yī)院。分析句子可知，cure是賓語從句的謂語動詞，與主語illness是被動關(guān)系，由could可知，后接be done構(gòu)成含有情態(tài)動詞的被動

59、語態(tài)，故填be cured。本講作業(yè)1Calligraphy that _(regard) as one of the cultural treasures of China enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. 2Nobody knew what _ (happen) to the Earth in a centurys time. 3If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ (discover) in science and technology. 4At pr

60、esent, lots of food, water, tents and medicine _ (transport) from all over the country to the epidemic-stricken area. 5Where is Mr. Blade? He _ (investigate) for fraud(詐騙). 6To my delight, I _ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 7Im sorry, by then my lecture will hav