2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)被動語態(tài)-第二講（教師）講義（含答案）

1、被動語態(tài)-第二講引入別再躺著刷手機(jī)了！小伙躺著玩手機(jī)睡著牙被砸斷：近日，寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院口腔醫(yī)院收治了一名牙冠斷裂的年輕小伙。小伙自述，他和很多年輕人一樣，睡覺前喜歡玩一會兒手機(jī)?？粗粗瘉砹?，手不知不覺松了力氣，手機(jī)滑落，一下子重重地砸在嘴上，正中牙齒。當(dāng)即覺得上門牙疼得厲害，再一摸，半顆牙已經(jīng)斷了.好在小伙醒目，掉落的半顆牙沒扔，而是帶著就醫(yī)，醫(yī)生最終幫其斷齒復(fù)位，修復(fù)了牙齒。知識集結(jié)模塊一：過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)1. 概述：（1）過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，表示過去正在進(jìn)行的被動動作。例：This film was being shown at that time那時候，這部電影正在被放

2、映。（2）過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般不與表示一段時間的狀語或表示次數(shù)的狀語連用，這時需要用完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。例：The watch was being repaired twice （錯誤） The watch has been repaired twice （正確）2. 用法：過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)形式為：主語+was/were+being+過去分詞（+by+主語）例：Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday昨天這個時候，我們正在種樹?！纠?-1】（*）My house _ (decorate) when you visi

3、ted Beijing last time，so I didnt invite you to my home【答案】was being decorated【解析】根據(jù)句中when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句when you visited Beijing last time可知，這是強(qiáng)調(diào)的過去的事實，且My house與decorate之間為被動關(guān)系，由此可知當(dāng)時是我的房子正在被裝修，所以使用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。【例1-2】（*）Mr.Lee couldnt know the incident happening in the company，because he _ (treat) for a sp

4、rain（扭傷）in hospital then.【答案】was being treated【解析】考查過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)根據(jù)主句用了一般過去時態(tài)，故從句也應(yīng)用過去的某種時態(tài)，且he與treat之間是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，then暗示正在接受治療，用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)，故填was being treated。【例1-3】（*）The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they _ (take) now.【答案】were being taken【解析】本題前半句用的是過去時，那么根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則，所填部分也應(yīng)該用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)，根

5、據(jù)句意“襲擊者被逮捕后不知道現(xiàn)在正被帶到哪。”可知時態(tài)為過去進(jìn)行時，且主語與動詞take之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)?！揪?-1】（*）1Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ (exhibit) at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. 2As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she _ (watch) by a tall man in a dark

6、 overcoat. 3He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _ (follow). 4Professor Li keeps telling his students that the future _ (belong)to the well-educated.5After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only to be told that it _ (decorate).6He _ (admit) as a member of the foo

7、tball team of their school.7With all the problems _ (solve) at the meeting, the newly-elected manager felt rather relaxed.8The 2018 World Cup _ (host) in Russia.9With the governments aid,those _ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.10Millions of young women _ (employ) in the

8、various industries.11The building is regularly _ (inspect) by the fire-safety officer.12I _ (replace) the worn-out tyre with a new one.【答案】1were being exhibited2was being watched3was being followed4belongs5was being decorated6was admitted7solved8will be hosted9affected10are employed11inspected12repl

9、aced【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：天津傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)，像剪紙在2010年上海世博會文化展展出。句中主語為Traditional folk arts，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，主語和謂語動exhibit之間是被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)2010，可知用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)，故填were being exhibited。考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)波莉觀察火車上的乘客時，她感到有一個穿著黑大衣的高個子男人正在監(jiān)視她。由observed可知應(yīng)用過去的時態(tài)，且強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個時刻正在做某事，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時，主語she與watch構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去進(jìn)行的被動語態(tài)。故填was being watched?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)及語態(tài)

10、。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也沒有回頭看看是否正被跟蹤。根據(jù)hurried及句意可知，本題應(yīng)該使用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)，表示“正在被跟蹤”。故填was being followed?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：李教授不斷告訴他的學(xué)生，未來屬于受過良好教育的人。belong在從句中作謂語，結(jié)合上文Professor Li keeps telling his students可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為future，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填belongs?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：放學(xué)后我們?nèi)ラ営[室看書，卻被告知閱覽室正在裝修。結(jié)合語境可知指“去的時候，閱覽室正在裝修”應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時，且結(jié)合上文we went

11、to可知為過去進(jìn)行時，且it與decorate構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)，主語為it，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填was being decorated。考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他被錄取為他們學(xué)校足球隊的一員。主語he與謂語動詞admit構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且描述過去發(fā)生的動作應(yīng)用一般過去時，主語為he，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填was admitted。考查非謂語動詞。句意：會議上所有問題都解決了，新當(dāng)選的經(jīng)理感到很輕松。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，problem與solve構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填solved。考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：2018屆世界杯將在俄羅斯舉辦。此處表示將來要發(fā)生的動

12、作應(yīng)用一般將來時，且主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填will be hosted。考查非謂語動詞。句意：在政府的幫助下，那些受地震影響的人已經(jīng)搬到了新的定居點。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知affect在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語those構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填affected。考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：數(shù)以百萬計的年輕婦女受雇于各行各業(yè)。本句中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且陳述客觀事實應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語為Millions of young women，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填are employed。考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：消防安全主任定期檢查這座大樓。句

13、中主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)上文The building is regularly可知為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填inspected。考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我把舊輪胎換了一個新的。replace在句中作謂語，結(jié)合語境描述過去發(fā)生的動作應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填replaced。模塊二：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，且主語是行為動作的承受者。例：They have been told about it for many times有人告訴他們這事很多次了。2. 用法：現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式為have/has+been+過去分詞（by+主語

14、）例：The orphan has been well looked after by them這位孤兒一直受到他們很好的照顧?！纠?-1】（*）Her own story _ (write) and this book is expected to come out next week【答案】has been written【解析】根據(jù)句子的時間狀語next week，可知，下周就要出版，說明這本書已經(jīng)寫完了，所以應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，再根據(jù)主語story與謂語write間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)?！纠?-2】（*）The singers music v

15、ideo _ (view) nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago【答案】has been viewed【解析】根據(jù)句中的時間狀語since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago可知，主句應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語music video和謂語動詞view之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。【例2-3】（*）Readers，another program hosted by Dong Qing，_ (acknowledge) to b

16、e a breath of fresh air among varieties of shows recently.【答案】has been acknowledged【解析】根據(jù)句意“另一個由董卿主持的節(jié)目讀者最近在各種各樣的節(jié)目中被認(rèn)為是耳目一新的。”和可知這句話主語是Readers為一檔電視節(jié)目，故謂語用單數(shù)，而且readers和acknowledge是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又因為句尾的recently，可知要使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)?！揪?-1】（*）1Their living conditions _ (improve) in the past few years. 2Ever since

17、 the organization was founded in 1998, as many as 800 members _ (admit).3Food and clothing _ (transport) to Yibin, Sichuan Province since earthquakes happened there. 4Without electricity and the water supply, the town _ (affect) greatly so far. 5Thousands of films _ (produce) all over the world in t

18、he last few years.6In the last few years, many high-speed rail systems _ (build) in China. 7It is the third time that he _ (win) first prize in the competition. 8-Why is everyone so joyous?Dont you know that Jane _（admit) to her ideal college? They are now celebrating. 9So far, Mamas Bank Account _

19、(translate) into several languages. 10Technology _ (see) some amazing developments in the last few decades.11Recently, global fried chicken brand KFC _ (prohibit) its famous slogan “Its finger-licking good” because of health concerns during the pandemic. 12The report is really exciting that poverty

20、relief work _（do）in China up to now.【答案】1have been improved2have been admitted3have been transported4has been affected5have been produced6have been built7has won8has been admitted9has been translated10has been11has prohibited12has been done【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。態(tài)句意：他們的生活條件在最近幾年得到了改善。根據(jù)時間狀語in the past few ye

21、ars可知，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，句中主語living conditions與improve之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填have been improved?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自1998年該組織成立以來，已有多達(dá)800名成員被接納。根據(jù)句中時間狀語Ever since 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語 members與admit之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填have been admitted。考查現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：自從四川省宜賓市發(fā)生地震后，食物和衣服已經(jīng)被運(yùn)送到那里。根據(jù)since及其引導(dǎo)的從句的時態(tài)可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，且Food and clothin

22、g與transport之間是動賓關(guān)系，此處作謂語，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，因此填have been transported?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：由于停水停電，這個小鎮(zhèn)目前已經(jīng)受到了很大的影響。根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。且單數(shù)名詞the town與affect之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故填has been affected?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里全世界產(chǎn)生了數(shù)以千計的電影。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中缺失謂語，所以空處需填動詞，作謂語，又因句中是在講述過去發(fā)生的事到目前為止有什么結(jié)果，所以時態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，且與主語是被動語態(tài)，故填have b

23、een produced?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年中，中國建造了許多高速鐵路系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語In the last few years可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語high-speed rail systems 與build之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填have been built?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：這是他第三次在比賽中獲得一等獎。分析可知，句中結(jié)構(gòu)為固定句式“It is the +序數(shù)詞+time that+主語+have/has done”，意為“某人第幾次做某事”，主句謂語為現(xiàn)在時“is”，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。結(jié)合從句主語為“he”，應(yīng)是第三人稱單數(shù)形式 “has d

24、one”。故填has won?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：為什么每個人都這么開心？你不知道嗎？Jane考上了她理想的大學(xué)，他們正在慶祝呢。分析句子可知，Jane和admit（允許）之間是被動關(guān)系，且考上大學(xué)這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時，還要注意主謂一致，主語Jane為單數(shù)第三人稱。故填has been admitted?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，媽媽的銀行賬戶已經(jīng)被翻譯成了幾種語言。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為謂語，根據(jù)時間狀語So far，可知為現(xiàn)在完成時，而主語和謂語之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，并且主語為單數(shù)，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)的形式，故填has

25、been translated。考查時態(tài)。in the last few decades與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)連用，technology不可數(shù)名詞看作單數(shù)，所以填has seen?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意：因為在疫情期間對健康問題的關(guān)注，最近，全球炸雞品牌肯德基已經(jīng)禁止其著名廣告語“吮指留香”。 時間狀語recently常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；句子主語global fried chicken brand KFC是單數(shù)意義，現(xiàn)在完成時的助動詞應(yīng)用has；主語和prohibit之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系， 故填has prohibited。考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，中國的扶貧工作已經(jīng)完成，這是一份令人興奮的報告。時

26、間狀語up to now意思為“到目前為止”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；主語poverty relief work和do之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)；work是不可數(shù)名詞，助動詞用has；do是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去分詞為done。故填has been done。模塊三：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)1. 過去完成時的被動語態(tài)：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時間之前的動作對過去造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動作的承受者，表示已經(jīng)被。例：We had built five new buildings by the end of last year截止去年年末，我們已經(jīng)修建了5棟新大樓。2.

27、用法：過去完成時的被動語態(tài)形式為：had+been+過去分詞（by+主語）例：The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in這個男孩被提醒他的家庭作業(yè)還沒上交?！纠?-1】（*）When Li Ming hurried home，he found that his mother _ (send) to hospital.【答案】had been sent【解析】根據(jù)句中的found可知，后面的賓語從句也應(yīng)該使用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)，而his mother和send之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以需要使用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意可知，

28、他媽媽被送往醫(yī)院應(yīng)該是在他發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，即過去的過去，所以使用過去完成時?！纠?-2】（*）He _ (ask) again and again，but he didnt tell me the truth.【答案】had been asked【解析】根據(jù)句意“問了他一次又一次，但是他也沒有講出事實?！币约熬渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知ask的動作發(fā)生在didnt tell之前，即過去的過去，應(yīng)使用過去完成時，又因為he與ask構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)?！纠?-3】（*）A former Chinese soldier，who _ (trap) in India for half a century，f

29、lew home to China on February 11，2017【答案】had been trapped【解析】根據(jù)句中的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，who引導(dǎo)的為一個非限制性定語從句，用來修飾句子的主語A former Chinese soldier，而主句中的時態(tài)為一般過去時（flew），定語從句中的時態(tài)為主句時態(tài)之前的動作行為，即過去的過去，所以使用過去完成時；且引導(dǎo)詞who（A former Chinese soldier）和trap之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故使用被動語態(tài)?！揪?-1】（*）1I _ (hope) to send him a telegram to congratulate h

30、im on his marriage, but I didnt manage it. 2An incredible tree-house restaurant _ (completed) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. 3The twins who _ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton in the yard. 4The old couple found their house _ (break) i

31、nto when they came back home from the trip. 5More than 3000 trees _ (plant) in this area by the end of last year. 6It was the first time in a year and a half that I _ (see) my parents. 7I was very nervous because it was the first time that I _ (invite) to an opening banquet. 8The manager was happy t

32、o learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ (book). 9He was upset, because his car _ (damage) seriously.10When we got there after the accident, we were told that the injured _ (send) to the nearest hospital yet. 11The kid was annoyed because he _ (cheat) out of the money by his older brother. 12We _ (

33、arrive) there before it began to rain.【答案】1had hoped2had been completed3had finished4broken或 had been broken5had been planted6had seen7had been invited8had been booked9had been damaged10had been sent11had been cheated12had arrived【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我本想給他發(fā)封電報祝賀他結(jié)婚，但未辦到。hope的動作早于didnt manage，應(yīng)用過去完成時。had ho

34、ped“本希望做某事”，表示與過去事實相反的動作。故填had hoped?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：一個令人難以置信的樹屋餐館截止上月底完工了，很多人都去那里吃飯。根據(jù)by the end of last month可知，應(yīng)使用過去完成時，complete與主語是邏輯被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填had been completed?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：這對已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)的雙胞胎被允許到院子里打羽毛球。根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞were allowed可知，他們完成作業(yè)應(yīng)該是在被允許打羽毛球之前，因此，應(yīng)用過去完成時，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”。故填had finished?？疾檫^去分詞。句意：當(dāng)這

35、對老夫婦旅行回來的時候， 發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的房子有人闖入。該句可以看作是“find+賓語+過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)；賓語their house與break into是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；break是不規(guī)則變化動詞，過去分詞為broken。也可以看成find后是省略that的賓語從句，從句謂語動詞的動作break into 發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞動作found之前，是“過去的過去”，用過去完成時；從句主語their house與break into是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had been broken。故填broken或had been broken?？疾閯釉~時

36、態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：到去年年底，這個地區(qū)已種了三千多棵樹。根據(jù)后文“by the end of last year”可知應(yīng)用過去完成時，且主語trees和plant之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been planted?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：這是一年半以來我第一次見到我的父母。題干用到了固定句式：It is /was the 序數(shù)詞 time that“這是第幾次做某事”，當(dāng)主句中用is時，that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時；當(dāng)主句中用was時，that從句用過去完成時。故填had seen?？疾檫^去完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：我很緊張因為這是我第一次被邀請參加開幕宴會。根據(jù)It was t

37、he first time that 主語+過去完成時態(tài)+其它，及I 和invite之間是被動關(guān)系，所以句子用過去完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，故填had been invited。考查過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：經(jīng)理很高興地得知五分之四的票已經(jīng)被預(yù)定好了。本句“車票預(yù)定”的動作發(fā)生在“經(jīng)理得知”之前，為“過去的過去”故用過去完成時，且book與從句主語four-fifths of the tickets 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故從句用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been booked。考查過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：他很沮喪，因為他的車受損嚴(yán)重。結(jié)合句意可知，受損damage發(fā)生在was upset之前

38、，即過去的過去，要用過去完成時。句子的主語his car與謂語動詞damage是被動關(guān)系，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故填had been damaged?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：事故發(fā)生后，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那里時，我們被告知傷者已被送往最近的醫(yī)院。由yet和前面的句子we were told that可以知道事情發(fā)生在過去的過去，所以時態(tài)是過去完成時，且主語the injured與send之間是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，且謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填had been sent?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：這個小孩子很惱怒，因為他的哥哥把他的錢騙走了。根據(jù)主句的was可知，從句動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時，且h

39、e與cheat之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故填had been cheated?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。句意：我們在開始下雨之前就到了那里。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處需填入動詞形式作謂語，又根據(jù)句意可判斷，“到達(dá)”發(fā)生在“開始下雨”之前，即“過去的過去”，所以應(yīng)用過去完成時，故填had arrived。模塊四：其他1.主動表示被動（1）表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動詞，read, sell, wash, write 等。The cloth washes well. 這個布料洗起來不錯。（2）感官動詞，smell, feel, taste, look, sound等。This piece of music so

40、unds good. 這首歌聽起來不錯。（3）某些動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表達(dá)被動含義，如:need, want, require, worth等。 The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. 自行車該修了。（4）“主語+be+ adj. +to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中， to do 用主動形式表達(dá)被動含義。The question is easy to answer. 這個問題容易解答?！咀ⅲ罕粍有问奖磉_(dá)主動含義的短語】 be seated 坐著; be hidden 躲藏; be lost 迷路; be drunk 喝醉; b

41、e dressed 穿著2.不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況（1）不及物動詞及不及物動詞短語無被動：appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持續(xù)), happen, take place, break out, break down, belong to, come out 等。 A fire broke out during the night. 昨晚發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。（2）系動詞無被動，如：be, feel, sound, look, smell, taste 等。 Although he is 50 years old, he looks young. 盡管他已經(jīng) 50 多

42、歲了，但是他看上去很年輕。 （3）某些靜態(tài)動詞無被動，如：have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。My shoes dont fit me. 我的鞋不合適。 （4）反身代詞或相互代詞作賓語的句子不能用被動語態(tài)。 We have helped each other for over two years. 我們相互幫助有兩年多了。3.省略to的不定式的被動語態(tài)一些感官動詞和使, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have等后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是動詞但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to要補(bǔ)回來。Sh

43、e was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 剛才有人看見他進(jìn)了會議室。The boy was made to work for two hours by him yesterday. 他昨天讓這個男孩工作了兩個小時。4.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)很簡單，只需要在情態(tài)動詞后+be+過去分詞即可，一般習(xí)慣與虛擬語氣一起考察。Books cant be taken out of the reading room. 書不能被帶出閱覽室。Many people suggested us that our money should be kept

44、 safely. 許多人建議我們的錢應(yīng)該安全保管?！揪?-1】（*）1Do you know why glasses of this kind made in this factory _ (wear) so comfortably? 2The knife needs _ (sharp). 3They were looking for a place that wasnt easy _ (find). 4With a lot of work _ (do), I couldnt go to the supermarket. 5She is an ordinary woman but she is

45、 really worth _ (respect). 6Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth _ (take). 7His music deserved _（preserve）in the family. 8Our class _ (consist) of 23 girls and 29 boys. 9One major recommendation at the me

46、eting is that these traditional customs _ (preserve). 10Children under 14 must be _ (accompany) by an adult.11Its believed that education shouldnt _ (measure) only by exam results. 12The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ (give) two weeks to prepare for the exam. 13His face _ (refl

47、ect) in the big mirror when he passed by. 14It has been decided that the book shall _ (revise).15A new cinema _ (build) here. They hope to finish it next month. 16The teacher insisted that every minute _ (make) full use of to do the work well. 17The main stream of a river frequently _ (divide) into

48、two or more branches near its mouth. 18Please make sure that all the lights _ (switch) off at night. 19With a lot of problems _ (solve), the newly-elected president will have a hard time. 20When Tracy was told her sons illness could _ (cure), she left the hospital in relief. 【答案】1wear2sharpening，或to

49、 be sharpened3to find4to do5respecting6taking7preserving/to be preserved8consists of9(should)be preserved10accompanied11be measured12(should) be given13was reflected14be revised15is being built16(should)be made17is divided18are switched19to solve20be cured【解析】考查主動表被動和時態(tài)。句意：你知道為什么這家工廠生產(chǎn)的這種眼鏡戴起來很舒服嗎?

50、分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞，wear“穿著；戴著”用作不及物動詞，主動表被動。因為（從句主語）為復(fù)數(shù)名詞glasses，句子為一般現(xiàn)在時，需用動詞原形。故填wear?？疾閯用~及被動語態(tài)。句意：這把刀需要磨鋒利點。根據(jù)句意及所給詞sharp可知，sharp要用它的動詞形式sharpen(使鋒利)；又因為空格前動詞need的特殊用法：sth need doing=sth need to be done，這里的needs sharpening=needs to be sharpened，意為“使這把刀變得鋒利”。故填sharpening ,或to be sharpened?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句

51、意：他們當(dāng)時在尋找一個不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方。由wasnt可知find在句中應(yīng)使用非謂語動詞形式，find與主語place之間為被動關(guān)系，分析句子可知此處使用的是“be +形容詞+to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中動詞不定式形式表達(dá)被動意義，故填to find?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：我有很多工作要做，不能去超市。分析句子可知此處是with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)，作句子的原因狀語，因此do應(yīng)使用非謂語動詞形式。由句意可知工作還沒有做，表示將來，所以用動詞不定式表將來，且賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用主動形式表示被動含義。故填to do?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。句意：她是一個平凡的女人，但她真的值得尊敬。be wo

52、rth doing值得做。主動表達(dá)被動。根據(jù)句意，故填respecting?？疾榉侵^語短語。句意：有時我們覺得冒點兒不必要的險是值得的，因為當(dāng)我們衡量風(fēng)險和回報時，風(fēng)險似乎是值得冒的。be worth doing sth.值得做某事。故填taking?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：他的音樂值得被保留在家族中。分析句子可知，sth deserve doing（動名詞用主動形式表被動含義）和deserve to be done是固定搭配意為“值得做”，符合此處語境。故填preserving或to be preserved?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z和時態(tài)。句意：我們班由23個女孩和29個男孩組成。consist of“

53、由組成”，該短語沒有被動語態(tài)也沒有進(jìn)行時，相當(dāng)于be made up of；本句的主語是their class，在本句中表示的是一個整體，所以謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。故填consists of?？疾檎Z態(tài)。句意：會議上的一個主要建議是應(yīng)該保存這些傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。分析句子可知，主語“these traditional customs”與“preserve”是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)“recommendation”可知，其后對它進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明的同位語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，從句結(jié)構(gòu)為that sb. should do sth.,should可以省略。故填(should)be preserved?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。

54、句意：十四歲以下的兒童必須由成人陪同。本句主語是Children under 14，謂語動詞是accompany，主謂之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，空前已經(jīng)有must be，所以空處填動詞的過去分詞形式，故填accompanied?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。句意：人們認(rèn)為教育不應(yīng)該僅僅用考試成績來衡量。that從句中主語education與謂語動詞measure構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且shouldnt后跟動詞原形。故填be measured?？疾樘摂M語氣。句意：老師同意了給學(xué)生兩周時間來為考試做準(zhǔn)備的建議。分析句子成分可知，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，做suggestion的同位語，有“建議、命令”等意義的名詞后的同

55、位語從句的謂語用“（should）+動詞原形”的形式，又因為students與give之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)形式。故填(should) be given。考查動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他經(jīng)過時，他的臉映在大鏡子里。 分析句子可知，reflect是謂語動詞，與主語His face是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句使用了一般過去時可知，主句用一般過去時，且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was reflected?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)。句意：已經(jīng)決定對這本書進(jìn)行修訂。根據(jù)句意可知，the book與revise是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，空前有shall，be動詞使用原形

56、。故填be revised?？疾闀r態(tài)/語態(tài)。句意：這里正在建一座新電影院。他們希望下個月完成。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一個句子缺少謂語，由句意可知時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主語cinema與動作build(建造)之間為被動關(guān)系，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)be done, 主語cinema為單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故填is being built?？疾橹^語動詞。句意：老師堅持要求要充分利用每一分鐘把工作做好。由主句謂語動詞insist（堅持要求）可知從句為虛擬語氣，謂語動詞形式要用“should+動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。make與主語every minute之間為被動關(guān)系，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用被動

57、語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)be done ，故填(should)be made?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：一條河流的干流經(jīng)常在河口附近被分成兩條或多條支流。此處陳述客觀事實，使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語The main stream of a river和divide構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填is divided?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：請確保夜間所有的燈都被關(guān)掉。句中涉及短語“switch off”，意為“關(guān)上，關(guān)掉”，根據(jù)句意可知，句子陳述的是客觀要求，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，lights與switch off之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，lights為可數(shù)名

58、詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，與are連用，switch的過去分詞為switched。故填are switched。考查動詞不定式。句意：由于有許多問題要解決，新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過。此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞短語a lot of problems與動詞solve構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，而且這是一個將來要發(fā)生的動作，故使用動詞不定式（to do），本處用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。故填to solve?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)Tracy被告知兒子的病能夠被治好時，她輕松地離開了醫(yī)院。分析句子可知，cure是賓語從句的謂語動詞，與主語illness是被動關(guān)系，由could可知，后接be done構(gòu)成含有情態(tài)動詞的被動

59、語態(tài)，故填be cured。本講作業(yè)1Calligraphy that _(regard) as one of the cultural treasures of China enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. 2Nobody knew what _ (happen) to the Earth in a centurys time. 3If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ (discover) in science and technology. 4At pr

60、esent, lots of food, water, tents and medicine _ (transport) from all over the country to the epidemic-stricken area. 5Where is Mr. Blade? He _ (investigate) for fraud(詐騙). 6To my delight, I _ (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. 7Im sorry, by then my lecture will hav