2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號19

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-北京大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt（ ）invention as a threat to his way of life.問題1選項(xiàng)A.any concern withB.any concern aboutC.any concern inD.any concern at【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。concern about sth. or

2、 sb.是固定用法，因此只有選項(xiàng)B符合題意。2.單選題Prince Charles, the longest-waiting( ) to the throne in British history, has spoken of his “impatience” to get things done.問題1選項(xiàng)A.heirB.heirshipC.heritageD.heiress【答案】A【解析】考查形近詞辨析。 heir “【法】繼承人”; heirship“繼承權(quán)，繼承資格”；heritage “遺產(chǎn)，繼承物”；heiress“女繼承人”。句意：英國歷史上等待王位時間最長的王儲查爾斯日前表示

3、，他“沒有耐心”把事情做好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。3.單選題In previous time, when fresh meat was in short ( ), pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.問題1選項(xiàng)A.storageB.reserveC.supplyD.provision【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。storage“貯藏庫，存儲”；reserve“儲備，儲存”；supply“供給；補(bǔ)給”；provision“供應(yīng)品”。句意：在過去，當(dāng)鮮肉短缺時，許多家庭飼養(yǎng)鴿子作為食物來源。表示供應(yīng)短缺時固定使用in sho

4、rt supply。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。4.單選題The fact is that motherhood makes the heaviest demands in（ ）he areas of least experience.問題1選項(xiàng)A.that it might be calledB.what might be calledC.which might be calledD.it might be called【答案】B【解析】考查語法知識?？崭裉幩钤~在介詞in 的賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語的成分，因此只有B選項(xiàng)符合題意。5.單選題_ human problems that repeat the

5、mselves in _ life repeat themselves in _ literature.問題1選項(xiàng)A./, /, theB./, the, /C.The, /, /D.The, the, the【答案】A【解析】考查冠詞的用法。Problems前面有human作定語，可不用定冠詞。固定短語in life中不需要加入定冠詞。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。6.單選題The structure of the global economy（ ）that developing nations put all their efforts into raising cash usually by ex

6、porting whatever virgin resources the industrial world might desire.問題1選項(xiàng)A.dictatesB.regulatesC.allowsD.appeals【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。dictate“命令；要求”；regulate“調(diào)節(jié)”；allow“允許”；appeal“呼吁；上訴”；句意：全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展中國家把所有的努力都投入到籌集資金上通常是通過出口工業(yè)世界可能需要的任何原始資源。與“the structure of the global economy”搭配的只能是dictate，表示“全球經(jīng)濟(jì)要求”因此A選項(xiàng)符

7、合題意。7.單選題Hip replacement surgery is（ ）joint replacement surgery in the U. S.問題1選項(xiàng)A.the single most frequentB.the most single frequentC.the single frequentD.a single frequent【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞排序。按照形容詞最高級用法，the most 排在最前面，single表示種類，frequent表示頻率，處于常規(guī)形容詞排序之外，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。8.單選題Before turning to writing, I spen

8、t eight years as a lawyer about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.問題1選項(xiàng)A.fantasizingB.fascinatingC.facilitatingD.finalizing【答案】A【解析】考查詞語辨析。句中用的是spend time doing。fantasize“幻想；做白日夢”；fascinate“使著迷；使神魂顛倒”；facilitate“促進(jìn)；幫助”；finalize“完成；使結(jié)束”。句意：從事寫作之前，我當(dāng)了八年律師，幻想著有位聲名顯赫的父親能夠指引我方向，想

9、象那樣的生活是什么樣子的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。9.單選題Being born in the summer could give you a sunny disposition for life. And a winter birthday might cast a permanent shadow_your happiness, scientists believe.問題1選項(xiàng)A.throughB.crossC.beneathD.over【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。cast a permanent shadow over“給投上陰影；使減弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以給你的生活一個陽光的性格?？茖W(xué)

10、家們認(rèn)為，冬季的生日可能會給你的幸福蒙上永久的陰影。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。10.單選題Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained ( ).問題1選項(xiàng)A.to be shownB.to have been shownC.to have shownD.being shown【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。remain to be done“待完成；待處理”為固定用法。句意：一些人

11、對研究結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。11.單選題I dont understand what youre getting so about. Its really not a problem.問題1選項(xiàng)A.worked outB.worked upC.worked overD.worked against【答案】B【解析】考查詞組辨析。work out“算出；解決”；worked up“激動的；生氣的”；work over“研究；檢查”；work against“違背；對不利”。句意：我不明白你為什么這么激動。這真的不是問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。12

12、.名詞解釋The year of 2009 will bring an avalanche of books, lectures, television programs and articles on Charles Darwin. (1) It is 200 years since he was bom and 150 years since he was pushed to publish his on the Origin of Species earlier than he intended by the arrival of a letter from AlfredRussel W

13、allace, the naturalist who, independently, had the same theory of natural selection thatDarwin had supposed all his own.Since Darwin wasnt alone in thinking up the theory of natural selection or in assembling evidence in support of evolution, are we right to make such a song and dance of his anniver

14、sary? The short answer is “yes”.(2) the Origin o f Species is the most important biology book yet written and Darwin has done as much as anyone, including Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud,to change how we see ourselves.Why does Darwinian worldview matters more than ever? Above all, Darwin decenter

15、s humanity. In this he completes the work that Copernicus and Galileo began. We are not the centre of the Universe. The Universe existed long before we came on the scene. (3) This decentering does not, of course, mean that we matter any the less. Rather, it helps us to appreciate that we do not sit

16、in a distinct category from the rest of creation. The great apes that are heading towards extinction in the wild and are still used in some countries for medical research really are our relatives.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbe

17、red and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).【答案】1：He was born 200 years ago and his On the Origin of Species was published 150 years ago, which was earlier than he had planned, because a naturalist called Alfred Russel Wallace had written to Darwin to encourage him to do so. Alfre

18、d shared the theory of natural selection that Darwin had thought out by himself.2：The book On the Origin of Species is more important than any other biology book that has ever been written, and Darwins contribution to change our worldview equals those of Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud.3：Certainl

19、y, the fact that we are not the center of the universe does indicate that we are not important.13.單選題Apple pie is（ ）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.問題1選項(xiàng)A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四個選項(xiàng)中只有“in itself 本質(zhì)上”是固定短語，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：從本質(zhì)上來

20、看，蘋果派既不好也不壞;它的使用方式?jīng)Q定了它的價值。14.單選題The local authorities realized the need to make _ for elderly people in their housing programs.問題1選項(xiàng)A.preparationB.requirementC.specificationD.provision【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。preparation“準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)為必然發(fā)生的事情做準(zhǔn)備；requirement “要求；必需品”；specification“規(guī)格；說明書”；provision“規(guī)定；準(zhǔn)備”，強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備，事情只

21、是可能會發(fā)生。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣庾R到有必要在住房計(jì)劃中為老年人預(yù)先采取措施。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。15.單選題Nearly a third of parents say they feel（） into their homes but cannot afford to move to a bigger property, a report reveals today.問題1選項(xiàng)A.squealedB.squeezedC.squaredD.sneezed【答案】B【解析】考查形近詞辨析?？崭袂笆莊eel，因此空格處應(yīng)填形容詞。squealed “大聲尖叫的”；persistent ”固執(zhí)的；堅(jiān)持的“

22、；squeezed ”擠壓的，擁擠的“；squared ”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份報告顯示，近三分之一的父母表示，他們覺得自己的家，但卻買不起更大的房子。 因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。16.填空題Any parent with a child (1) _ the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you (2) _ technology has crept into nearly (3) _ aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy. The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wil

23、d Planet, is a (4) _ in point. Its the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise, says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has (5) _ unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5, (6) _ Animal Scramble, which is due (7) _ stores in September. In (8) _, the firm will soon re

24、lease Hyper Jump. Play and technology are (9) _, says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents Choice Foundation. Theres (10)_ putting the genie back in the bottle.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your

25、answers on ANSWER【答案】1. between2. that3. all4. case5. already6. called7. in8. addition9. merging10. no【解析】1. 考查介詞?？崭袂笆恰癱hild”，后面是年齡區(qū)間，因此表示“年齡在3到11歲之間的孩子”，應(yīng)填入between。2. 考查關(guān)系詞用法?？崭袂坝袆釉~tell，后面應(yīng)為“告訴你”的具體內(nèi)容，而后面句子中不缺少其他成分，因此填入that即可。3. 考查上下文語義?？萍紟缀跎婕皧蕵窌r間的方面。應(yīng)填入all。4. 考查固定搭配。上文說到，科技幾乎涉及所有類型的玩具，因此這里應(yīng)是舉出實(shí)例，a

26、 case in point“恰當(dāng)?shù)睦印?。?yīng)填入case。5.考查副詞用法。此處為現(xiàn)在完成時，不缺主要成分，因此空格處是修飾詞。聯(lián)系上下文，本句是說Wild Planet已經(jīng)公布了一種為年齡更小的孩子所設(shè)計(jì)的版本。6. 考查上下文語義?？崭窈笫且粋€專有名詞，空格前是這個名詞的解釋，因此填入called。7. 考查介詞用法。在商場銷售應(yīng)使用介詞in搭配。8. 考查上下文語義。上文說到公司的一些舉措，空格后又提到了公司將發(fā)布Hyper Jump，說明是又一項(xiàng)舉措，in addition“另外”符合題意，9. 考查上下文語義。綜合全文，本文說的是游戲和科技的密切關(guān)聯(lián)，它們正融合在一起。因此填入me

27、rging。10. 考查語義?！皃utting the genie back in the bottle”是慣用語，表示形勢復(fù)原。綜合全文，此處應(yīng)指無法復(fù)原。因此填入no。17.單選題Western man is himself being Westernized by his own speed-up, （ ）by industrial technology.問題1選項(xiàng)A.as much the Africans are detribalizedB.the Africans are much being detribalizedC.as much as the Africans are be

28、ing detribalizedD.as much as the Africans are detribalized【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。asas“像一樣”，此結(jié)構(gòu)前后有呼應(yīng)，前半句是被動語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時，后半句也應(yīng)保持一致。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。18.單選題In a culture like ours, long（ ）all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.問題1選項(xiàng)A.accustomed to spl

29、it and dividedB.accustomed to splitting and dividingC.accustomed to split and dividingD.accustomed to splitting and divided【答案】B【解析】考查語法知識。對比四個選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵問題在于split和divide的形式變化。accustom to doing是固定用法，后面的動詞均應(yīng)使用動詞-ing形式。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。19.單選題One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies in the history of thought

30、 is caused by the uncertainty _ to solve a given problem by traditional methods previously applied to problems which seem to be of the same nature.問題1選項(xiàng)A.that is possibleB.that it is possibleC.whether it is possibleD.about what is possible【答案】C【解析】考查語法知識。uncertainty后面的句子正是作為同位語用來修飾這個先行詞，而只有whether可以

31、表示“不確定性”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。20.單選題The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice an

32、d do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat what

33、ever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one exam

34、ple, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the sc

35、ope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries

36、and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choi

37、ces should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because （ ）.2.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.3.According to Fries and Crapo, so

38、und health choice should be based on _.問題1選項(xiàng)A.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.personal health choices help cure most illnessesD.wrong decisions could lead to poor health問題2選項(xiàng)A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB

39、.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friendsD.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life問題3選項(xiàng)A.personal decisionsB.societys lawsC.friends opinionsD.statistical evidence【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理

40、題。題干：個人健康選擇的概念很重要，因?yàn)開。文章第二句話提到“An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge”，可知個人健康的正確選擇將避免約90%的疾病，如果不做合理選擇就可能導(dǎo)致疾病。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：合理的個人健康選擇往往很難做出，因?yàn)開。由“choice”定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句，往下看到第二段第一句對此現(xiàn)

41、象做了總結(jié)：A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors。說明影響因素是方方面面的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：弗里斯和克拉波認(rèn)為，健康的選擇應(yīng)該基于_。根據(jù)文章最后兩句可知弗里斯和克拉波認(rèn)為“personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability o

42、f increased vitality and longevity”，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)才能確定哪些是有利于健康的行為。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。21.單選題The award ceremony will be the _ of the inaugural Singapore International Water Week that is held from 23 to 27 June 2008問題1選項(xiàng)A.twilightB.insightC.highlightD.highland【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。twilight“黃昏，薄暮”；insight“洞察力”；highlight“最精彩的部分”

43、；highland“高地”。句意：屆新加坡國際水資源周于2008年6月23日至27日舉行，頒獎儀式將是開幕式上的亮點(diǎn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。22.單選題Long-term exposure to mass media portrayals of violence might make the audience insensitive or _ to real acts of violence.問題1選項(xiàng)A.emotionally neutralB.neutrally emotionalC.emotionally mutualD.mutually emotional【答案】A【解析】考查詞義。ne

44、utral“中立的”，emotionally“情緒上；感情上”。句意：觀眾在大眾媒體上看多了暴力就會對暴力持中立態(tài)度，即對暴力失去了感覺。neutral表示觀眾對暴力的態(tài)度，emotionally則用來修飾neutral，表示“情感上是中立的”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。23.單選題Most people cant get _ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.問題1選項(xiàng)A.onB.throughC.overD.by【答案】B【解析】考查短語辨析。get on“上車；進(jìn)展”；get through“通過；度過”；get over“克服

45、；恢復(fù)”；get by“獲得認(rèn)可”。句意： 如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話，大多數(shù)人都不能度過一天。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。24.單選題Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite（ ）in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.問題1選項(xiàng)A.lackedB.lackingC.for lack ofD.lack of【答案】B【解析】考查語法知識。空格處詞語用來修飾前面的dance，所以是形容詞性。lack 與dance之間是主動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來修飾。因此B選項(xiàng)符合

46、題意。25.單選題( )，wireless communications will increasingly become part of the fabric of everyday life.問題1選項(xiàng)A.In years to comeB.Since coming yearsC.For years to comeD.Over coming years【答案】A【解析】考查短語辨析。In years to come“在未來的幾年中”；since coming years無此表達(dá)方式；for years to come無此用法；over coming years無此用法。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

47、26.單選題Todays recyclers can now conceivably lay claim to a rich, bloody, brawny heritage, if a new Viking discovery is any indication. The famed Norse warriors, many of whom settled parts of eastern and northern England in the Middle Ages, recycled as they fought, new excavations in the United Kingdo

48、m suggest.An 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered in the city of York is likely evidence of a makeshift recycling center, where Vikings took weapons for reprocessing after battle, according to historian Charles Jones, organizer of the Fulford Battlefield Society, which advocates preser

49、ving the battle site against potential development.Jones and his team have found hundreds of pieces of ironwork including axes, sword parts, and arrowheads along with lumps of melted-down iron and the remains of smelting pits. “ We found several smithing hearth bottoms the remains of the molten meta

50、l which dribbles down during the reprocessing of the weaponry ironwork,n he told the York Press. “The iron finds support the idea that metal was gathered and recycled in the area just behind where the fighting took place,” Jones said. The artifacts are currently undergoing X-ray analysis at the Univ

51、ersity of York. The universitys Soren Sindbaek said the tests should reveal whether the corroded items were forged using Norse ironwork, which involved using distinctive alloys of soft iron and hard steel. “The Vikings were very skillful metalworkers,” said archaeologist Sindbaek. “Their weaponry is

52、 famous for the way iron is treated. Any metal was a precious material that would be recycled，” he said. “Whoever won a fight in this period would collect what was left on the battlefield.”Though he knows of no other battlefield examples of Viking recycling，evidence of reuse of metal and other mater

53、ials has been found at other Viking sites, Sindbaek said. Recent excavations in York, which was captured and settled by the Scandinavian seafarers in 866，for instance, show that Vikings recycled boats for building material for houses and even sidewalks.Jones believes Vikings forces worked on the met

54、al in 1066 after defeating English warriors at the Battle of Fulford, a village long since subsumed by the expanded city of York. The historians team believes the Vikings were forced to abandon their recycling work five days later by a second English attack, the Battle of Stamford Bridge, led by Eng

55、lands King Harold II. The Viking leader in the battle, King Harold III of Norway, was killed and his forces routed. The English king lost his own life the following month, when his war-weary troops were defeated at the Battle of Hastings by William, Duke of Normandy, who became the new English king.

56、Project leader Jones, author of The Forgotten Battle of 1066: Fulford, is an amateur historian, and many of the artifacts were uncovered not during professional archaeological excavations but by metal-detector enthusiasts. But that “doesnt at all devalue” the discovery, said archaeologist Allan Hall

57、 of the University of York. The Fulford Battlefield Society is “working in close co-operation with the archaeological establishment，” Hall said. “Archaeology has a long tradition of amateurs taking part.”1.What is said about todays recyclers at the beginning of this passage?2.Which of the following

58、is true about the 11th-century metalworking site recently discovered inthe city of York?3.What had archaeologists known about Viking recycling before the weapon recycling center was discovered?4.What is special about the village of Fulford?5.What do we know about the Fulford Battlefield Society?問題1選

59、項(xiàng)A.They recycle things that are discovered at the Viking settlements.B.They are as rich, bloody and brawny as their Viking ancestors.C.They may have inherited the recycling tradition from the Vikings.D.They recycle the same things that the Vikings recycled.問題2選項(xiàng)A.It was an ironwork recycling center

60、far away from the battlefield.B.Weapons and other utensils were reprocessed here by the Vikings.C.Evidence shows that the weapons recycled here were left by the enemy in the battle.D.The pieces of ironwork found in this site are being analyzed in order to know what exactly they were made of.問題3選項(xiàng)A.T