2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號22

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題He is not a very credible lecturer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A選項(xiàng)為“著名的；眾所周知的”；B選項(xiàng)為“宗教的，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹保籆選項(xiàng)為“普通的；一般的”；D選項(xiàng)為“可信的”。根據(jù)句意可知，他不是一個(gè)可信的演講者。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。2.翻譯題Tran

2、slate the following passage into English.北京奧組委(The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad)官方網(wǎng)站訊：2007年6月23日，在八達(dá)嶺長城舉辦的“第四屆2008北京奧林匹克文化節(jié)” 開幕式上，所有觀眾的目光都被長城上的新標(biāo)識所吸引一一在綠樹環(huán)繞下，一個(gè)令所有中國人興奮的口號映襯著的長城遒勁而古老的線體。這就是一座長67米，高18米的“同一個(gè)世界同一個(gè)夢想(One World One Dream)”北京奧運(yùn)會會徽(Emblem)和北京奧運(yùn)會主題口號大型景觀建筑

3、。在今后的兩年多的時(shí)間里，每當(dāng)人們抬頭仰望長城巍峨的身姿就會知道，奧運(yùn)和中國有著怎樣的無法割舍的淵源?！敬鸢浮縏he Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad Official Website News: At the opening ceremony of the Fourth 2008 Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival, held on the Badaling Great Wall on June 23, 2007, all audiences are attracte

4、d to the new logo on the Great Wall. Surrounded by green trees, this logo shows powerful and antique line of the Great Wall with an exciting slogan to all Chinese people. That is a large landscape architecture, 67 meters length and 18 meters high, of Beijing Olympic Games emblem engraving characters

5、 with “One World One Dream” and Beijing Olympic Games theme slogan. Over the next more than two years, people will learn about the deep and close relationship between Olympic Games and China whenever they look up at towering figure of the Great Wall.3.單選題After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged

6、over the safety of nuclear energy.問題1選項(xiàng)A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy【答案】D【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quarrel“爭吵，吵架”，強(qiáng)調(diào)以發(fā)生口角和吵架等形式引起的爭論；B選項(xiàng)suspicion“懷疑，嫌疑”；C選項(xiàng)verdict“裁定，裁決”；D選項(xiàng)controversy“(公開的)爭論，辯論”，指對引起廣泛興趣或非常重要的問題的辨論。根據(jù)the safety of nuclear energy可知核能安全是一個(gè)重要的話題，因此選D。句意：在幾次核災(zāi)難之后，激起了一場關(guān)于核能安全的爭論。4.單選

7、題Singer and entertainer,（）for his beautiful and expressive voice.問題1選項(xiàng)A.was Frank Sinatra famousB.famous was Frank SinatraC.Frank Sinatra was famousD.was famous Frank Sinatra【答案】C【解析】考查同位語。句意：法蘭克辛納屈，一個(gè)歌手及演員，他因美妙且富有表現(xiàn)力的聲音而聞名。在句子中singer and entertainer是對Frank Sinatra的同位語解釋。根據(jù)短語結(jié)構(gòu)be famous for表示“因而聞名”可

8、知，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。5.單選題A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.問題1選項(xiàng)A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inadequate“不足夠的，不充分的”；B選項(xiàng)incapable“無能力的，不能的”；C選項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無效的”。根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)及題干的意思可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：一天五美元的預(yù)算完全不足以作一次歐洲之旅。6.單選題The director

9、 gave me his _that he would double my pay if I did my job well.問題1選項(xiàng)A.warrantB.obligationC.assuranceD.certainty【答案】C【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“許可證，授權(quán)證”；B選項(xiàng)obligation“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！保籇選項(xiàng)certainty“確實(shí)的事，必然的事”。句意：主任向我保證，如果我把工作做好，他會給我雙倍的工資。7.單選題How we look and how we appear to others probably worri

10、es us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or

11、 behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used t

12、o, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or pr

13、actical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industr

14、y by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a fe

15、w more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularit

16、y of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in

17、a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else doe

18、s either!1. The author thinks that people are_.2. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to_.3. Causes of fashions are_.4. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_.5. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?問題1選項(xiàng)A.satisfied with their appearanceB

19、.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion問題2選項(xiàng)A.confidence in lifeB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.individual hair styleD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion問題3選項(xiàng)A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable問題4選

20、項(xiàng)A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality問題5選項(xiàng)A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Few of us are content

21、 to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我們中很少有人滿足于接受自己的現(xiàn)狀，也很少有人敢忽視時(shí)尚潮流）可知C選項(xiàng)“很難忽視時(shí)尚”符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我們將能夠充滿信心地認(rèn)識新的人，并且能夠自信地、毫不

22、尷尬地處理每一件事）可知時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告將時(shí)尚與人的自信聯(lián)系在一起，因此選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有時(shí)是方便或?qū)嶋H需要，或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就能建立起一種時(shí)尚）可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚變化的原因是多變的，因此選B。4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. W

23、ithin reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那樣穿衣服了。在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿自己喜歡的衣服，也可以用你喜歡的方式做頭發(fā)，而不是你應(yīng)該做的樣子，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知當(dāng)今社會更尊重個(gè)人選擇，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性化，因此選D。5.主旨大意題。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain

24、 circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，所以我們必須謹(jǐn)慎地選擇我們的衣服）可知A選項(xiàng)“在正式場合下需要注意外貌形象”符合題意。8.單選題Be careful; this patients disease is（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)為“意氣相投的；一致的”；B選項(xiàng)為“易相處的；可理解的”；C選項(xiàng)為“義務(wù)的；必須的；強(qiáng)制性的”；D選項(xiàng)為“傳染性的；會蔓延的

25、”。根據(jù)所修飾名詞disease疾病可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。9.翻譯題Translate the following into Chinese.1. The recent speculation includes the possibility that the first living cells might have arisen on Mars, seeding Earth via the many meteorites that are known to travel from Mars to our planet.2. Venice invites idleness and strol

26、ling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with words: I count only the happy hours.3. Failure to greet a person you recognize or to answer a greeting given to you is an unkindness to the other person, and very bad manners.4. Everything can be taken from a man but one thingthe freed

27、om to choose his attitude in any given set of circumstances. (Leonhard Frand).5. There is a growing trend of sending teenage students abroad to studythe number has been increasing dramatically. Their parents are fantasized by myths about education offered in foreign countries. They are attracted by

28、the educational exhibitions presented by foreign universities and colleges, which paint many rosy pictures and tell many glow tales prompting them into actions. However, sending young children to study abroad may not predict result in success. Many young students lack adaptability and flexibility.【答

29、案】1.最近的推測包括第一批具有生命的細(xì)胞可能出現(xiàn)在火星上，通過很多從火星飛到地球的隕石將上面的種子播種到地球上。2.威尼斯是人們休閑解悶、閑庭漫步的好去處，她從容寧靜，閑適悠然，連城中的日冕上都刻著這樣的銘文：只記住快樂的時(shí)光。3.不向你認(rèn)識的人打招呼或不回應(yīng)別人的問候是不友好，也是非常不禮貌的行為。4.任何東西都可以從一個(gè)人的身上拿走，但有一樣不行，那就是在任何特定的環(huán)境中選擇自己的生活態(tài)度的自由。（萊昂哈德弗蘭克）5.現(xiàn)在越來越流行送十幾歲的學(xué)生出國留學(xué)，而且這個(gè)人數(shù)也在急劇增加。他們的父母被外國提供的教育神話所迷惑。他們被外國大學(xué)和學(xué)院舉辦的教育展所吸引，這些展覽描繪了許多美好的畫面，

30、講述了許多激勵(lì)他們采取行動(dòng)的光輝故事。然而，送孩子出國留學(xué)可能無法預(yù)測成功的結(jié)果。許多年輕學(xué)生缺乏適應(yīng)能力和靈活性。10.單選題Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding, being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get

31、 to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer w

32、e postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones, The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of t

33、hings I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. Its diffic

34、ulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can, then let the unconscious take over.1. Which of the following can be call

35、ed an evil circle?2. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience（）.3. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need（）.4. The word“insurmountable”in the last paragraph probably means（）.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Success-z

36、eal-success-zealB.Failure-tiredness-failure-tirednessC.Failure-zeal-failure-tirednessD.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion問題2選項(xiàng)A.tirednessB.performance fatigueC.start-up fatigueD.unconsciousness問題3選項(xiàng)A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.strong willpower問題4選項(xiàng)A.that cannot be solvedB.that cannot be unde

37、rstoodC.that cannot be imaginedD.that cannot be objected問題5選項(xiàng)A.It is easier to overcome start-up fatigueB.Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blockedC.One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circleD.Fatigue often accompanies fatigue【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:

38、A第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.可知失敗會導(dǎo)致疲憊，而疲憊會使你更難工作，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致疲憊加重，于是進(jìn)入惡性循環(huán)，受阻不前，影響進(jìn)度。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段I

39、n the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it.可知，我們會因?yàn)槿蝿?wù)過于乏味或太難而推遲完成任務(wù)，這種情況就是start-up fatigue。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise

40、.可知，解決辦法就是需要我們加強(qiáng)意志力的鍛煉。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。4.詞匯題。題干詞匯insurmountable意思是不能克服的，難以解決超越的。A選項(xiàng)“不能被解決”，B選項(xiàng)“不能被理解的”，C選項(xiàng)“不能被想象的”，D選項(xiàng)“不能被否決的”。因此，A選項(xiàng)正確。5.推理判斷題。由文章第二段可知可以通過鍛煉意志力來克服start-up fatigue可知A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)可通過原文Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right.推斷得出。C 選項(xiàng)在原文中沒有明確說明，過于絕對。根據(jù)原文最后一段The

41、 mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue.可知D選項(xiàng)正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。11.翻譯題Translate the following passage into English.我崇拜朝氣，喜歡自由，贊美膽量大的，精力強(qiáng)的。一個(gè)人行為或精神上有朝氣，不在蠅頭小利上打算計(jì)較，不拘泥于物質(zhì)攫取與人世毀譽(yù)；他能挺起脊梁，堅(jiān)持走自己的路，他所學(xué)的或同我所學(xué)的完全是兩樣?xùn)|西，他的政治思想或與我的極其相反，他的宗教信仰或與我的格格不入，那不礙事，我仍然覺得他是

42、個(gè)朋友，這是個(gè)人。我喜歡這種人，也尊敬這種人。這種人也許粗魯了一點(diǎn)，但一切偉大事業(yè)偉大作品就只有這類人才有份，他不可避免會失敗，但決不會輕易放棄。【答案】I worship vitality and freedom, and I admire the plucky and the strong in heart. A person who is full of vitality in behavior and spirit would be neither concerned with petty profits nor constrained by the material prosperi

43、ty and reputation. He can be upright and insist on his own way. Though what he has learnt is totally different from that of mine, as well as political thoughts and religious belief, all of these do not matter. I still consider him as my friend and a real man. I like him and also respect his kind of

44、person. Maybe they are a little rude, but only this kind of men can accomplish great works and cause. Inevitably, he may be fail, but he will never give up easily.12.單選題Rhetoric is（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.the ability to lie without revealing it with body language.B.a technique used to speak faster.C.the skill of u

45、sing language persuasivelyD.the ability to interpret complex logical problems【答案】C【解析】考查名詞。Rhetoric指“修辭，修辭學(xué)；華麗辭藻”。A選項(xiàng)表示“是一種不會因?yàn)橹w語言暴露（目的）的說謊能力”；B選項(xiàng)表示“是一種加快說話方式的技巧”；C選項(xiàng)為“令人信服地運(yùn)用語言的技巧”；D選項(xiàng)為“解釋復(fù)雜邏輯關(guān)系的能力”。修辭是指運(yùn)用語言技巧，努力提高語言表達(dá)和接受效果的活動(dòng)。因此，C項(xiàng)最符合題意。13.單選題Please（）those old newspapers while youre cleaning up t

46、he room.問題1選項(xiàng)A.dispose outB.dispose ofC.dispose awayD.dispose in【答案】B【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)dispose out非短語搭配；B選項(xiàng)dispose of處理，轉(zhuǎn)讓，賣掉；C選項(xiàng) dispose away 非短語搭配；D選項(xiàng)dispose in非短語搭配。因此，只有B項(xiàng)為正確搭配，且符合題意。句意：請你在清理房間的時(shí)候丟掉這些過期的報(bào)紙。14.單選題Chris told us to hand inour term paper next Monday.問題1選項(xiàng)A.to write our paper by handB.to

47、 submitC.to correctD.to proof-read【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。題目中hand in表示“提交，遞交；呈送；上交”，A選項(xiàng)為“手寫論文”；B選項(xiàng)為“提交；呈送”；C選項(xiàng)為“改正”；D選項(xiàng)表示“校對”。句意：克麗絲告訴我們，下周一要交學(xué)期論文。因此，根據(jù)句意可知正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。15.單選題Starting with the_that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop his argument.問題1選項(xiàng)A.premiseB.pretextC.found

48、ationD.presentation【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定”；B選項(xiàng)pretext“借口，托詞”；C選項(xiàng)foundation“地基，基礎(chǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)presentation“提交，展示”。根據(jù)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句“火星上有生命”可知選A。句意：從火星上有生命這一前提出發(fā)，這位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)深入他的論點(diǎn)。16.單選題Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in the nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, th

49、e use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the activities of man, particularly to those involved in the processe

50、s of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purchasing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets

51、. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publication of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, publ

52、ished in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, an English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applie

53、d himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to troubles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering appr

54、entice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in the area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through

55、 his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the principles of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human asp

56、ects of the method, over the slave driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.1. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency?2. Taylor is most famous for（）.3. Charles Babbage, an Englis

57、h academic（）.4. Taylors scientific management method was described as（）.5. When he died in 1915, Taylor（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Great breakthroughsB.Unlimited purchasing powerC.Science and competition.D.International competition.問題2選項(xiàng)A.his application of scientific methods to workB.his book “The Principles of Scie

58、ntific Management”C.his various innovations in steel processingD.The spreading of his scientific management method問題3選項(xiàng)A.tried to use computers in production processesB.first used computers in the area of cost accountingC.was the father of modem computersD.tried a scientific management approach問題4選項(xiàng)

59、A.scientific and humanB.efficient but slave-drivingC.academic but practicableD.brutal but highly successful問題5選項(xiàng)A.purchased a steel millB.sold a steel millC.started to protect environmentD.left a huge school of followers.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段最后一句“Science and competition the

60、refore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.可知，科學(xué)和競爭為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性?！?而文章第一段主要講的是科學(xué)給工業(yè)帶來的突破以及競爭的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學(xué)和競爭是必需的。因此C項(xiàng)符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過文章第三段中“.but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work（但使他出名的卻是他將科學(xué)方法應(yīng)用到工作之中）”可