綜合英語(yǔ)Book-Unit13精課件

1、Unit 13Text I Euphemism綜合英語(yǔ)Book-Unit13精課件Language Points1. A euphemism is commonly defined as an auspicious or exalted termas more down-to-earth term: euphemism(婉轉(zhuǎn))是辭格之一。把不愉快、悲痛或粗俗的事情用不怎么刺激人的話語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。句中詞組in place of表示“代替”，又如use plastics in place of wood or metal (用塑料來(lái)代替木材或金屬)。與place相關(guān)的常用詞組有：give place

2、to讓位于，被所代替。in place在適當(dāng)?shù)牡匚?；適當(dāng)?shù)?，相稱的。in the first/next place第一點(diǎn)/某次。make place for為騰出地方；讓位于。out of place不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹ake the place of代替。復(fù)合形容詞down-to-earth是個(gè)褒義詞，表示practical and honest,意為“切實(shí)的，實(shí)事求是的”。Language Points2. People who are partial to euphemisms stand accused of being “phony” or trying to hide what it is

3、 they are really talking about:句中who are partial to euphemisms是修飾people的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，形容詞partial是個(gè)貶義詞，表示showing special favour to one person, side, etc., esp. in a way that is unfair,意為“偏袒的，過分錯(cuò)愛的”，常與介詞to連用，其反義詞是impartial。文中該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是stand,它在此意為“處于某種狀態(tài)或境地”，其作用相當(dāng)于連系動(dòng)詞，stand的這種用法比較常見，又如stand ready for battle (

4、準(zhǔn)備好戰(zhàn)斗)；I stand corrected. (我接受指正)。文中該句里的動(dòng)詞hide接的賓語(yǔ)從句what it is they are really talking about表達(dá)的意思就相當(dāng)于what they are really talking about;加上it is,起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。2. People who are partial to e3. It is obvious that the government, in choosing the name, was trying toan immoral act:句首的it顯然是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是位于obvious后的t

5、hat從句。該主語(yǔ)從句里的主語(yǔ)是the government，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有并列的兩個(gè)：was trying和committed。句中的in so doing和in doing so表達(dá)的意思一樣，只不過是so的詞性不同：在in so doing里，so用作副詞，意為“這么，如此地”；在in doing so里，so用作代詞，意為“這樣，如此”。句中插入語(yǔ)as I see it意為“在我看來(lái)”。3. It is obvious that the gove4. A garbage man is not “really” a “garbage man,” any more than he is rea

6、lly a “sanitation engineer”:詞組notany more than表示“并不比多些”，對(duì)前后都進(jìn)行否定。文中該句表達(dá)地意思是“正如垃圾工不是真正的衛(wèi)生工程師一樣，他不是真正的垃圾工”。又如Imperialism will not change its nature, any more than a leopard will (change) its spots. (正如花豹不會(huì)改變身上的斑點(diǎn)一樣，帝國(guó)主義決不會(huì)改變它的本性)。4. A garbage man is not “reall綜合英語(yǔ)Book-Unit13精課件綜合英語(yǔ)Book-Unit13精課件7. But

7、 there is some substance to this illusion: 名詞substance在句中表示truth,意為“真義，正確”，表示此意時(shí)，它是一個(gè)非常正式的詞語(yǔ)，又如There is no substance in the rumours that the princess is pregnant. (有關(guān)公主懷孕的謠傳不是真的)。7. But there is some substance8. and that is as good as changing the nature of the thing itself:句中詞組as good as不是almost (t

8、he same thing as),意為“和幾乎一樣，實(shí)際上等于”，又如He as good as refused. (他實(shí)際上等于拒絕了)。What he said has as good as shown his attitude. (他的話實(shí)際上已經(jīng)表明了他的態(tài)度)。8. and that is as good as cha9. It calls attention, for example, to legitimate reasons why such children might feel alienated from what goes on in school:句首的it指代前句

9、中的to call “slum children” “culturally different”,而不是形式主語(yǔ)。形容詞legitimate表示reasonable, sensible,意為“合理的”，又如a legitimate inference (合理的推斷)。詞組call attention to意為“使人注意到”，to在此是介詞。9. It calls attention, for exa10. There must be some authentic tendency or drift in the culture to lendeven appear ridiculous:連詞o

10、r在該句中表示“否則，要不然”，可接句子，與otherwise同義，但otherwise是副詞，而or是連詞。又如Lay down your arms or die! (繳槍不殺！)動(dòng)詞lend在文中該句里意為“提供，給予”，短語(yǔ)lend support to表示“向提供支持”;lend sb. a box on the ear表示“打某人一記耳光”。10. There must be some authent11. I have been astounded not only by how rapidly the name “blacks” has replaced “Negroes”as

11、an accompaniment to the change:從這句話可了解到作者十分驚訝有兩個(gè)原因：一是因?yàn)閎lacks代替Negroes的速度之快；二是因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)黑人的感覺和態(tài)度大有改觀。句中的as an accompaniment to the change中的an accompaniment指的是“人們對(duì)黑人的感覺和態(tài)度大有改觀”，the change指的是“the blacks代替Negroes”,前者是后者的伴隨物，這從而證明了作者的觀點(diǎn)：人們?cè)谑褂梦裾Z(yǔ)時(shí)，不僅改變了說法或稱呼，還潛移默化地改變了人們的態(tài)度、看法。 11. I have been astounded not 12

12、. To ask where the “shithouse” is, is no more to the point than to ask where the “reason” is:詞組to the point意為“扼要”，可視為形容詞使用，句中用到了它的比較級(jí)形式，即前面加more,構(gòu)成more to the point。詞組no more than表示“同一樣不”，否定了兩者，帶有感情色彩；而與之相似的詞組not morethan表示“不比更”，描述實(shí)際情況。如 I could no more do that than you. (你不能做這件事，我也不能做)。The new edit

13、ion is not more expensive than the old edition. (新版本不比舊版本更貴)。因此文中該句表達(dá)的意思是“問shithouse在哪兒不會(huì)比問restroom在哪兒更扼要”。12. To ask where the “shithousText IIClutter綜合英語(yǔ)Book-Unit13精課件Language points1. Writing improves in direct ratio to the number of things we can keep out of it that shouldnt be there:這個(gè)句子的主體部分是W

14、riting improves (作品得到改進(jìn)),短語(yǔ)in direct ratio to是修飾improves的狀語(yǔ),其中things帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句: we can keep out of it和that shouldnt be there。it在句中指代的是writing。短語(yǔ)in direct ratio意為“成正比”,其反義詞組為in inverse ratio (成反比)。文中這句話表達(dá)的意思是“作品的改進(jìn)與我們能刪掉的多余東西的數(shù)量成正比”。 Language points2. He would, in short, be himself:在這個(gè)短短的句子里，運(yùn)用了兩個(gè)詞組：in

15、 short和be oneself。in short意為“總之，簡(jiǎn)而言之”，常用逗號(hào)與句子主體部分隔開，又如In short, we must be prepared. (總而言之我們要有準(zhǔn)備)。be oneself在文中意為“顯得自然（或真誠(chéng)）”，它還可以表示“（人）處于正常狀態(tài)”。2. He would, in short, be hims3. It is the language of the airline stewardess demonstrating the oxygen maskrun out of air: 這個(gè)句子不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句首的it指前句中提及的pompous phr

16、ase(夸大的言詞)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)demonstrating the oxygen作定語(yǔ)，修飾the airline stewardess (空姐)，但在翻譯成中文時(shí)，可將它翻譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“在演示氧氣罩時(shí)”。句中的that will drop down if the plane should somehow run out of air是修飾the oxygen mask的定語(yǔ)從句；詞組run out of意為“用完”，又如They have run out of ink. (他們墨水用完了)。文中這句話表達(dá)的意思是“這是空姐在演示飛機(jī)缺氧時(shí)會(huì)落下的氧氣罩的用法時(shí)使用的語(yǔ)言”。3. It is the language of the a4. Being told that something is interesting is the surest way of tempting the reader to find it dull:句首的被動(dòng)態(tài)