基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3期末復(fù)習(xí)材料

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)心-專(zhuān)注-專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)3期末復(fù)習(xí)材料Unit5.Explain in your own words the following sentences.1.what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.When we start to tell the first lie, we are likely to tell more to cover the first one. One lie will lead

2、 to another, then we will get ourselves in a complicated situation.2.Psychological barriers wear down;the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp.Psychological barriers become smaller and smaller. We tell lies without hesitation eve

3、n if the deceit was uncovered. The liar wouldnt take it seriously.3.The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring.According to ethicizes, the most forgivable and acceptable lies are based on principle of c

4、aring and love instead of trust. .Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.1.The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering.very important to the world2.According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the others f

5、eeling.avoid hurting others feeling3.And then there are professionslawyers, pundits,PR consultantwhose members specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients needs.modifying the fact4.Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on slippery slope. something that can lead to ser

6、ious consequence5.Are all white lies to be avoided at all casts?under any circumstances.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.It is generally considered unethical for physicians to advertize.(ethics)The young actor was requested to speak in a feigned voice.(feign)We must be un

7、sparing in our criticism of arms trade.(spare)Her hard experience has not coarsened her or made her cynical.(cynicism)Most shops are shut down during this confoundedly hot spell.(confound) The availability of credit lubricated the channels of trade.(lubricant)The ropes were entangled so Johnny was n

8、ot able to untie the parcel.(tangle)Willful people cannot tolerate the slightest frustration of their wishes.(will).Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.1. The outdoor concert was called off due to the weather. canceled2.The expanded vocabulary,as well as the improved reading speed

9、 and accuracy, will be a record that can encourage you to get over the boredom.overcome3.They knew that any failure to abide by the terms of the treaty would bring international condemnation. follow4.He was reduced to begging in the streets of Manhattan.fell into5.The plain fact is that they are giv

10、ing me the sake,however they try to dress it up. make it more acceptable6.The secret is not to brood over your failures, but ta accept them as inevitable.care about7.The option of increasing investment has been ruled out.given up 8.It is wise to set food and money by in case of a future emergency.re

11、serve for future use.Translate English to Chinese.Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them little preoccupation or regret.十分驚人的是，這些無(wú)數(shù)次說(shuō)謊的人稱(chēng)，說(shuō)謊并沒(méi)有是他們十分糾結(jié)或者后悔。Despite these admission, 91percent of all respondents said they were satisfied with my own

12、ethics and character.盡管承認(rèn)說(shuō)謊，91%的反饋者稱(chēng)“對(duì)自己的道德和性格還是感到滿(mǎn)意?！盨urely, these nice liesare harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant.這些善意的謊言無(wú)疑是好意的，也是社會(huì)必要的潤(rùn)滑劑。And if youre not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and ast

13、ound your friends.如果你沒(méi)有把握，馬克吐溫給了我們一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則“拿不準(zhǔn)的時(shí)候就說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，這會(huì)使迷惑敵人，震驚朋友?！?Translate Chinese into English.1、當(dāng)哈姆雷特拿不定主意該采取什么行動(dòng)時(shí)，他就裝瘋 （feign）Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating about what to do.2、搪塞推諉是這生意人的慣用伎倆 （prevarication）Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.3、

14、真理之光有時(shí)太刺目，于是善意的謊言隨處可見(jiàn) （ubiquitous）Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.4、美國(guó)許多婦女聲稱(chēng)他們對(duì)自己二等公民的地位感到不滿(mǎn) （profess）Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens.5、一時(shí)沖動(dòng)之下，他失言抖出了秘密 （blurt out）On the impulse of the

15、moment, he blurted out the secret.6、你應(yīng)該擺脫偏見(jiàn)，抵制誘惑，不讓任何東西扭曲你的判斷 （warp）You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.7、他是一個(gè)過(guò)于敏感和富于想象的人，經(jīng)常在頭腦里編織一張復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)（a tangled web）Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8、他在伙伴中很受歡迎，因

16、為他盡量不給別人添麻煩 （spare）He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.Unit8.Explain in your own words the following sentences.1.Even an end which it would be noble to pursue if it were attainable may be pursued unwisely if it is inherently impossible of achievement.It

17、would be unwise to pursue an impossible goal even if it is magnificent/great.2.I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.I think the essence of wisdom is to get ones horizon free from the confinement of time and space.Explain the underlin

18、e part in each sentence in your own words.1.Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors and to attach to each its due weight.take into consideration;attach adequate importance to each fact2.No doubt, if they could have found them, they

19、 would have conferred great benefits upon mankind, but as it was their lives were wasted.Surely; brought a good and helpful effect to mankind;actually3.To descend to less heroic matters, consider the case of two men, Mr.A and Mr.B, who hate each other and, through mutual hatred, bring each other to

20、destruction.talk about something less worthy or less important; destroy or ruin each other4.Sight and sound and touch are bound up with our own bodies and cannot be impersonal. connect with5.Gradually with the years, his horizon widens, and, in proportion as his thoughts and feelings become less per

21、sonal and less concerned with his own physical states, he achieves growing wisdom. accordingly.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.The main beneficiaries of the Hope Project are poverty-stricken children living in remote areas,(benefit)Traditional herbal medicine is said to

22、have less undesirable said effects.(desire)The cold wind drove the snow almost horizontally at the soldiers marching in the wilderness.(horizon)American Indians are now proud to be the descendants of North Americas first inhabitants.(descend)The southern regions have increasingly relied on foreign i

23、nvestment(increase)This philosophical essay is beyond my daughters capacity.(philosophy)Calm down! Lets not be unduly worried.(due)In test theory, standardization refers to measurements or assessments conducted under exact specified, and repeatable condition.(standard).Explain the underlined phrasal

24、 verbs in your own words.1.Pauls picked up a throat infection that proves very difficult to get rid of.suffered from2.He would not stand by and watch her impulsively throw her life away.look on unconcerned3.The committee was set up primarily to inquire into standards of public life,investigate4.The

25、nurse will attend to your wounds as soon as shes free.treat5.We decided to abandon fishing and head for home before I froze to death.go6.I must have blacked out; the next thing I remembered was two men pulling me from the car.lost consciousness7.The service provided by this canteen is far from being

26、 satisfactory, but we shall just have to put up with it.bear8.The community committee offered the residents a lecture on how to dispose of the household garbage and the recyclable resources.deal with.Translate English to Chinese.Most people would agree that, although our age far surpasses all previo

27、us ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative in wisdom.大多數(shù)人或許都會(huì)同意,雖然我們所處的時(shí)代在知識(shí)積累方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)以往任何時(shí)代,但在智慧方面卻沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的增長(zhǎng).This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world.它產(chǎn)生了完全出人意料的后果,即在世界上人口最為稠密的地區(qū),食品供應(yīng)短

28、缺,生活水平下降.It is by no means uncommon to find men whose knowledge is wide but whose feeling are narrow.有些人知識(shí)淵博而情感狹隘,這絕不少見(jiàn).No one can view the world with complete impartiality; and if anyone could, he would hardly be able to remain alive.沒(méi)有人能夠毫無(wú)偏見(jiàn)地看待世界,若有的話(huà),他將難以活下去.Translate Chinese into English.1.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果

29、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了他們的預(yù)料 （surpass）The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.2.我們應(yīng)該充分考慮這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用和可能遇到的問(wèn)題 （take account of）We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we may meet.3.好天氣是這次遠(yuǎn)征科學(xué)考察成功的原因之一 （contribute to）The fine weather contributed to the success of the

30、 scientific expedition.4.巴西球員球星羅納爾多（Ronaldo）在2002年世界杯足球賽中射進(jìn)好幾個(gè)精彩的球 （spectacular）Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brail, scored several spectacular goals in the 2002 World Cup.5.羅伯特弗羅斯特（Robert Frost）由于對(duì)詩(shī)歌的杰出貢獻(xiàn)被美國(guó)許多大學(xué)授予名譽(yù)學(xué)位 （conferupon）Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universit

31、ies in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his great contributions to poetry.6.擺脫壞習(xí)慣需要耐心和毅力 （emancipation from）Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.7.他們努力將這些新觀(guān)念灌輸?shù)綄W(xué)生的頭腦中去 （instill）They tried to instill such new ideas into students minds.8.你對(duì)員工進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)應(yīng)該做到公正 （i

32、mpartiality）You should show impartiality in your assessment of the employees. Unit11.Explain in your own words the following sentences.1.Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods.When they start school, children are curious about everything around them. But after several years sch

33、ool education, they end up giving up the ability of creating and investigation.2.Being advanced has its own pitfallsamong then complacency and pushing or forcing.Learners at a high level may meet mistakes during the process of learning. They may become self-satisfied with themselves or may put too m

34、uch pressure in order to achieve more.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.1.It is not knowing in the sense of having a rigid opinion, but the ability to look again at another time, in a different light, as Szent-Gyorgyi suggests, and from a new understanding based on that o

35、bservation.consider again at another time from a different perspective.2.With this attitude we may find ourselves treating even the most mundane discovery with wide-eyed wonder and joywith great surprise and pleasure3.Successful students do not expect to be spoon-fed, but take their own initiative.b

36、e provided with ready answers and ideas.4.When we try different approaches and do things that have no precedence in our experience,we will surely make mistakes.do things that is unprecedented5.Drop your prior knowledgeand attempt to grasp the new framework in its own context.Dont let the knowledge y

37、ou have acquired be a hindrance to your learning of something new.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.He failed to give substantial reasons for his being absent from the meeting.(substance)Driven by very strong motivation, he nas been working hard at English.(motivate）He has

38、 been fully committed to the teaching and research of classical music.(commitment)The club places rigid restrictions on its membership.(restrictive)There is a subtle difference between egoism and individualism.(subtlety)A cuckoo birds voice is so thrilling in winter, as it announces the advent of sp

39、ringtime.(thill)He dislikes his wife talking about her success complacently.(complacency)The early 1990s witnessed a(n) unprecedented tide of rural workers flooding into big cities in China.(precedence).Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.1.Now that Ive finally handed in my thesis

40、, I plan to take it easy for a while.presented2.I would also need to see to the matter of costumes.solve3.The men were so absorbed in their games that they didnt see us slip away.attentive to4.The pome was dedicated to his mother.written in honor of5.She had to face up to the fact that she was too o

41、ld to play the romantic lead.accept6.We must be careful not to get bogged down in thrilling details.involved7.The lovers were caught up in the mood of the evening.addicted8.After discussing the budge deficit, they entered on the problem of raising taxes.began to think about.Translate English to Chin

42、ese.We may even have expectations that they be endless repositories of skill and knowledge from which we may partake at will.我們甚至可能期望他們是技能與知識(shí)的寶庫(kù),取之不盡,我們可以隨意享用。The fruit of these seemingly dry qualities (which we prefer admire in others) is the satisfaction of having tasted the fullness of completion

43、, or the thrill of meeting a difficult challenge with success.這些看似枯燥的品質(zhì)(我們常常羨慕別人擁有它們),給我們帶來(lái)的是圓滿(mǎn)完成某事后的滿(mǎn)足感,或者接受一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)并且勝出后所感到的興奮。Beyond the well-paved roads and secure structures we usually build for ourselves lie demons, unsure footingand unfelt pleasures.在鋪好的坦途和我們通常會(huì)為自己造好的堅(jiān)固建筑之外,有潛伏的讓我們擔(dān)心的事，不確定的事-以及我們

44、從未感受過(guò)的快樂(lè)。To go deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently, or to devote more time to other areas of our lives as yet green and immature.繼續(xù)深入可能意味著停滯不前，意味著更加耐心地向前走，或者意味著往我們?nèi)松衅渌胁怀墒斓念I(lǐng)域投入更多的時(shí)間。.Translate Chinese into English.1、他的父母對(duì)他有很高的期望，他感到壓力很大 （feel weighted）He felt heavily weighted wi

45、th such high expectations from his parents.2、他用積極的觀(guān)點(diǎn)來(lái)解釋這件事 （inlight）He interpreted the incident in a favorable light.3、我很討厭他，因?yàn)樗貏e喜歡誹謗他人 （go out of ones way）I detest him, for he often goes out of his light way to backbite others.4、許多宗教的教義敦促人們超越塵世的成功 （mundane）Many religious teachings urge people to t

46、ranscend mundane success.5、個(gè)人的主動(dòng)性是促進(jìn)事業(yè)發(fā)展的要素之一 （initiative）Personal initiative is one of the essential elements in promoting your career.6、我認(rèn)為填鴨式教育不是好的教學(xué)方法 （spoon-feed）I dont think it is a good method of teaching to spoon-feed students.7、我將全力以赴在下個(gè)月之前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，因?yàn)槲也幌胗胁蛔袷刂Z言的污名 （stigma）I will spare no effor

47、ts to accomplish the task by the end of next month, for I dont want to suffer from the stigma of having broken my promise.8、我得到了許多與教育新政策相關(guān)的信息 （pertinent）Ive got much information pertinent to the new policy in education.Unit 14.Explain in your own words the following sentences.1.She said I was wastin

48、g my time talking to her; she was just passing through for more than two weeks.she told me that I was mistaken. I was wasting my time talking to her. She was not homeless who stayed at the bus station, although she had been there for more than two weeks.2.I love my home with a ferocity totally out o

49、f proportion to its appearance or location.Although my home is not so decent and it is not located in an advantageous place, I still have strong and deep love for it.3.But some seen to want something that is not available in shelters, and they will not compromise, not for a cot, or oatmeal, or a sho

50、wer with special soap that kills the bugs.What some people want is absent in shelter, so they wont give up their demands just for facilities offered there.Explain the underline part in each sentence in your own words.1.She was somebody. person with an identity2.Im not simply talk about shelter from

51、the elements, or three square meals a day or a mailing address to which the welfare people can send the checkalthough I know that all these are important for survival.bad weather ;three nourishing meals3.I love my home with a ferocity totally out of proportion to its appearance or location.totally n

52、ot because of4.But in the main I think we work around it, just as we walk around it when it is lying on the sidewalk or sitting in the bus terminalthe problem, that is.generally,on the whole5.Sometimes I think we would be better off if we forgot about the broad strokes and concentrated on the detail

53、s.the general notion.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of given words.1.This American author has chosen to live in relative anonymity on a Pacific island.(anonymous)2.The stillness of the night was broken by the ferocious barking of a dog.(ferocity)3.New infectious diseases, such as AIDS

54、 and herpes, have unpredictably appeared.(predictability)4.I dont think we can afford the cost of repairing the leaky roof.(leak)5.A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down.(spoon)6.It was damned unfair that the villagers should suffer so much.(damn)7.He was conviction of corruption, and will b

55、e disqualified from office for seven years.(qualify)8.This train will terminate at the next stoppassengers who wish to continue should change trains.(terminal).Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words.Theyre the kind of parents who harp on the terrible expenses of everything.keep sayin

56、g2.I trust him to do the right thing and will be quite happy to fall in with anything he might suggest.acceptThey were the sort of people who twenty-five years ago would have been deferred to because they were gents.respected4.The harsh realities of the bad old days were never alluded to. mentioned5

57、.However cool and contained you think youre being, there is a host of little telltale gestures and expressions that give you away. disclose6.Increasingly, smoking is frowned on in public buildings.disapproved7.Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged. bear8.The newly industrialized nations are gearing themselves up for entry into international markets.getting themselves ready.Translate English to Chinese.Im not simply talk about shelter from the elements,