2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)60

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文分析可知，本文第一段介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中社區(qū)喪失的表現(xiàn)。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻譯為：人們認(rèn)為，工業(yè)革命不僅通過(guò)將大量人口集中在城市和工廠(chǎng)，而且改變了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，而且改變了社區(qū)意識(shí)所依賴(lài)的關(guān)系的質(zhì)量。后文也寫(xiě)到了城市工業(yè)化帶來(lái)了社區(qū)的崩潰，以及城市和農(nóng)村的矛盾等。綜合考慮下，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻譯為：“這些判斷的典型代表是18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)浪漫主義的悲觀派，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的統(tǒng)一，以情感反對(duì)理性，并對(duì)新興的城市和工業(yè)世界進(jìn)行徹底的批評(píng)?！币约啊癝inceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻譯為：由于城市工業(yè)化帶來(lái)了社區(qū)的崩潰，因此，真正的社區(qū)不可能存在于新的工業(yè)城市，而只存在于農(nóng)村。因此，鄉(xiāng)村被認(rèn)為是理想的社區(qū)。人與自然統(tǒng)一的浪漫主張?jiān)谔飯@詩(shī)般的鄉(xiāng)村生活中被認(rèn)為是由和諧和美德構(gòu)成的。可推斷出A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)破壞了人與自然的和諧關(guān)系”正確。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻譯為：新時(shí)代的科技進(jìn)步與人類(lèi)精神上和情感上的貧乏形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，在這種貧窮中，社區(qū)的喪失被視為象征。由語(yǔ)境可知，C項(xiàng)“象征性”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻譯為：為了適應(yīng)這種新的社會(huì)形式，人們使用了社區(qū)的概念，因此D項(xiàng)“社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化的時(shí)候，它也已經(jīng)改變了”正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻譯為：從這種觀念出發(fā)，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常普遍的文學(xué)和文化主題，雷蒙德?烕廉姆斯在他的兩本書(shū)《文化和社會(huì)》以及《國(guó)家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探討了這一主題。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻譯為：正如烕廉斯所表明的那樣，這是一種己經(jīng)滲透到我們文化的很大領(lǐng)域的傳統(tǒng)，包括我們的文學(xué)、美學(xué)、建筑和城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃，甚至我們的社會(huì)科學(xué)。這一傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)充當(dāng)一個(gè)過(guò)濾器，通過(guò)它不斷解讀城市和農(nóng)村生活的現(xiàn)實(shí)。故答案為A“城市和農(nóng)村生活之間的沖突反映在我們文化的不同方面”。

2.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美國(guó)社會(huì)是建立在一種極其不穩(wěn)固的自然資源基礎(chǔ)上的，這與可能惡化的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

He（）himselfonherbynotinvitinghertohisparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revenged

B.repaid

C.reproached

D.rectified

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。revengeoneselfonsb.表示“報(bào)復(fù)；向（某人）報(bào)仇”。句意：他通過(guò)不邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加派對(duì)向她報(bào)復(fù)。結(jié)合句意，故A為正確答案。

4.單選題

Thesalmonisoneofourmostvaluablefish.Itoffersusfood,sportandprofit.Everyyearcommercialfishing（1）aharvestofoverabillionpoundsofsalmonfromtheseA.Hundredsofthousandsofsalmonarecaughteachyearbyeager（2）fishers.

Inautumn,theriversoftheNorthwesternUnitedStatescome（3）withsalmon.Thesalmonhavelefttheoceanandare（4）theiryearlyrunuprivertospawn.Yettoday,therearefarfewersalmonthan（5）,becausethesalmon,（6）hassufferedfrommanyperilsofthemodernage.

Waterpollutionhaskilledmanysalmonby（7）themofoxygen.Over-fishinghasfurtherdecreasedtheirnumber.Damshasanother（8），becausetheylockmigrationpaths.Fishladders,（9）steppedpools,havebeenbuiltsothatsalmoncanswim（10）overthedams.Butyoungsalmonswimmingtotheoceanhavetrouble（11）theladders.Oftenthey（12）theirdeathsoverthedamorarekilledingianthydroelectricturbines.

（13）Americawillcontinuetohaveplentyofsalmon,conservationistshaveplannedseveralwaysto（14）thesalmonpopulation.Conservationofficialshavehadsomesuccess（15）salmoninhatcheriesandstockingsalmonriverswiththem.Salmonarealsobeing（16）intonewareas.In1996,hundredsofthousandsofyoungCohosalmonwereplantedinstreamsoffLakeMichigan.Theadultswereexpectedtomigratetothelakeand（17）anundesirablefish.TheCohoes（18）sowellonthiskindoffishinLakeMichigan（19）CohoesarebeingplantedinotherGreatLakes.

Thankstotheforesightand（20）ofconservationists,thevaluablesalmonshouldbearoundAmericanshores,riversandlakesforalongtimetocome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultsin

B.resultsfrom

C.resultsat

D.resultedin

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.commerce

B.sports

C.salmon

D.kindness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.active

C.live

D.about-

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.in

C.on

D.by

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.everso

B.eversince

C.everafter

D.everbefore

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.production

B.population

C.family

D.growing

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.forbidding

B.exploiting

C.robbing

D.endangering

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.danger

B.obstacle

C.problem

D.element

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.madeupfor

B.madeupto

C.madeup

D.madeupof

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.properly

B.safely

C.quickly

D.frequently

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.discover

B.toclimb

C.finding

D.measuring

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.fallto

B.fallback

C.fallacross

D.fallaway

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Sothat

B.Sofaras

C.Somuchas

D.Solongas

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.explode

B.develop

C.increase

D.catch

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.supporting

B.raising

C.keeping

D.resulting

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.invaded

B.introduced

C.found

D.given

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.liveon

B.feedin

C.feedupon

D.feedback

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.activate

B.grow

C.thrived

D.developed

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.inwhich

B.that

C.where

D.which

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.objectives

B.planning

C.invention

D.arrangement

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查詞組。此處大意為：每年商業(yè)捕魚(yú)都會(huì)從海里收獲超過(guò)10億磅的三文魚(yú)。結(jié)合句意得知正確答案為A:resultin“導(dǎo)致；引起”。

2.考查詞匯。此處大意為：急不可耐的___漁民每年都會(huì)捕捉成千上萬(wàn)的三文魚(yú)。最符合語(yǔ)境句意的選項(xiàng)為B，與eager搭配最為合適的是"sports娛樂(lè)”，即“消遣性漁民”。

3.考查詞組。本句大意為：秋季，美國(guó)西北部的河因三文魚(yú)而熱鬧起來(lái)。comealive“熱鬧起來(lái)，活躍起來(lái)”，只有A選項(xiàng)合適。

4.考查介詞。本句大意為：三文魚(yú)離開(kāi)海洋，每年都會(huì)回流到河面上產(chǎn)卵。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

5.考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合前文的yet“然而”可知此處表達(dá)的是現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的對(duì)比，最符合語(yǔ)境句意的選項(xiàng)為D“everbefore以前”。

6.考查詞義。根據(jù)上文farfewersalmon可知三文魚(yú)的整體數(shù)量減少，結(jié)合句意，最佳答案為Bpopulation“（生物）種群；數(shù)量”。

7.考查詞義。robsb./sth.ofsth.“剝奪某人/物所需或應(yīng)得之物”，本句句意為：水污染奪走了許多三文魚(yú)的氧氣，使它們死亡。因此最佳答案為C。

8.考查詞義。前文談及“水污染殺死了很多三文魚(yú)”，結(jié)合上下文及空格之前的內(nèi)容，判斷出最佳答案為A。

9.考查短語(yǔ)。A:makeupfor“彌補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)償”；B:makeuptosB.“獻(xiàn)媚；奉承”；C:makeup“編造；化妝”；D:bemadeupof表示“由……構(gòu)成”。此處大意為：由階梯式游泳池構(gòu)成的魚(yú)梯，因此答案為D。

10.考查副詞，此處大意為：建造魚(yú)梯是為了三文魚(yú)能（）游過(guò)大壩，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)義，最符合的答案應(yīng)是選項(xiàng)B“安全地”。

11.考查搭配和語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)前文havetroubleindoingsth.可知答案在C\D兩項(xiàng)中，結(jié)合句意，判斷出正確選項(xiàng)C。

12.考查詞組。根據(jù)前文大意，游入海洋的小魚(yú)在發(fā)現(xiàn)梯子方面有些困難判斷出后半句是說(shuō)明這種結(jié)果，因此A選項(xiàng)和后文構(gòu)成“falltotheirdeathsoverthedam”為最佳答案，意為“掉到大壩上而摔死”。

13.考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處后文大意為：“生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者規(guī)劃一些方案以增加三文魚(yú)的數(shù)量”，空格處應(yīng)起到連接的作用，結(jié)合句意，最佳答案為Dsolongas“只要”。

14.考查詞匯。前文的用詞“decreasetheirnumber”可以判斷出此處填入選項(xiàng)C“增加族群數(shù)量”符合句意。

15.考查搭配。根據(jù)并列的部分stockingsalmonrivers可知，“raisesalmoninhatcheries在孵化場(chǎng)飼養(yǎng)三文魚(yú)”符合語(yǔ)境，最佳答案為B。

16.考查動(dòng)詞。introduceinto“引進(jìn)”，此處句意表達(dá)大意為：三文魚(yú)被引進(jìn)到新區(qū)域中。故答案為B。

17.考查詞組。根據(jù)“theadults”以及“anundesirablefish不受歡迎的魚(yú)”可知，此處表示“以……為食”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意，C為最佳答案。

18.考查固定搭配。thriveon“靠吃……長(zhǎng)壯；因某事而有成”。故選C。

19.考查固定搭配和結(jié)構(gòu)狀語(yǔ)從句。so...that...“如此……以致于……”，B為最佳答案。

20.考查名詞。根據(jù)空格后關(guān)鍵詞conservationists可以定位到上段第一句中“conservationistshaveplannedseveralwaysto...”，故答案為Bplanning。

5.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:issue“（報(bào)刊或雜志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷術(shù)”；C:magazine“雜志”；D:copy“一份；復(fù)制品”。句意：非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，A為正確答案。

6.單選題

ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.Lestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHanlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexamined,andthatexplanationforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmerica'shouldbeexpanded.

TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660's,thepositionofWhileservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimproving,duringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlin’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630sonchatpointstoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimes,stoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatusthetwoattributesoftrueslavery-yetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins'argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople.

Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.Inaddition,theexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmericA.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericA.Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlogicalinferencetobedrawnfromthepassageabouttheeffectsof“severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures”(lines11)passedduringandafterthe1660’s?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofBlackpeopleintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericabeforethe1660'swouldtheauthorbeLEASTlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,theHandlinshavearguedwhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhattheexistenceofaRomanconceptionofslaveryinSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadtheeffectof（）.

5.TheauthorconsiderstheFreyreandTannenbaumforthetreatmentaccordedBlackslavesintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericatobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theactsnegativelyaffectedthepre-1660'spositionofBlackaswellasofwhiteservants

B.TheactshadtheeffectofimpartingratherthanimprovingthepositionofWhiteservantsrelativetowhatithadbeenbeforethe1660's

C.TheactshadadifferenteffectonthepositionofWhiteservantsthandidmanyoftheactspassedduringthistimebythelegislaturesofothercolonies

D.Theacts,attheveryleastcausedthepositionofWhiteservantstoremainnobetterthanithadbeenbeforethe1660's

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.AlthoughBlackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves,theywereoftencalledslaves

B.Althoughsubjecttosomediscrimination;Blackpeoplehadaheightlegalstatusthantheydidafterthe1660’s.

C.Althoughsometimessubjecttolifetimeservitude,Blackpeoplewerenotlegallyconsideredtobeslaves.

D.AlthoughoftennottreatedthesameasWhitepeople,Blackpeople,likemanyWhitepeople,possessedthelegalstatusofservants.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Racialprejudiceandtheinstitutionofslaveryarosesimultaneously

B.Racialprejudicemostoftentooktheformoftheimpositionofinheritedstatus,oneortheattributesofslavery

C.Thesourceofracialprejudicewastheinstitutionofslavery

D.BecauseoftheinfluenceoftheRomanCatholicChurch,racialprejudicesometimesdidnotresultinslaveryslay

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.extendingratherthancausingracialprejudiceinthesecolonies

B.hasteningthelegalizationofslaveryinthesecolonies

C.mitigatingsomeoftheconditionsofslaveryforBlackpeopleinthesecolonies

D.delayingtheintroductionofslaveryintotheEnglishcolonies

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ambitiousbutmisguided

B.validbutlimited

C.popularbutsuspect

D.anachronisticandcontroversial

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislatures可以定位到文章中“TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthat,duringthe1660,s,thepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.”中文翻譯為：漢林夫婦認(rèn)為，在17世紀(jì)60年代，白人仆人的地位相對(duì)于黑人仆人的地位正在改善，從而解釋了法律奴隸制的出現(xiàn)。以及原文中“Thus,theHandlinscontend,BlackandWhiteservants,heretoforetreatedalike,eachattainedadifferentstatus.Thereare,however,importantobjectionstothisargument.”，中文翻譯為：.因此，黑奴和白種人爭(zhēng)論不休，黑人和白人仆人歷來(lái)待遇相同，每個(gè)人都獲得了不同的地位。然而，對(duì)于這一論點(diǎn)，有一些重要的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)；和原文“First,theHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.”，中文翻譯為：首先，馬里蘭州和維吉尼亞州立法機(jī)構(gòu)的幾項(xiàng)法案表明，17世紀(jì)60年代期間和之后，這位白人仆人的地位并沒(méi)有得到充分證明?？梢酝茰y(cè)出白人仆人的地位沒(méi)有提高，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第中“ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660—somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.”中文翻譯為：在北美英國(guó)殖民地大法規(guī)中，只有在1660年之后才首次對(duì)奴隸制度有所提及，即黑人被輸入到美洲后的四十年?！癓estwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlaw,OscarandMaryHandlinassureus,thatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothel660’swasthatofservants.”，中文翻譯為：唯恐我認(rèn)為奴隸制度事實(shí)上的存在先于其法律上的存在，奧斯卡和瑪麗?漢德林使我們相信，直到十七世紀(jì)六十年代為止，黑人的地位是充當(dāng)傭人。以及“Itistruethatbeforethe1660'sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.”中文翻譯為：的確，在1660年以前，黑人很少被稱(chēng)為奴隸?？梢酝茰y(cè)出A選項(xiàng)是作者最不可能同意的觀點(diǎn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第中“Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.”中文翻譯為：這種可能性具有重要的意義。以及“IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainst,thenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthan,asmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshaveargued,thecauseofprejudice.”，中文翻譯為：假若從一開(kāi)始起黑人就遭到歧視，那么，法律上的奴隸制度應(yīng)被視作種族歧視的一種反應(yīng)和延伸，而不應(yīng)像包括漢德林夫婦在內(nèi)的許多史學(xué)家所指出的那樣，被視作種族偏見(jiàn)的起因?？梢酝茰y(cè)出C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica-suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality—explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmerica.”中文翻譯為：弗雷爾和坦納博不無(wú)道理指出，北美洲某些傳統(tǒng)的缺失一一比如古羅馬有關(guān)奴隸制度的觀念以及羅馬天主對(duì)于平等的強(qiáng)調(diào)一一可以說(shuō)明黑人奴隸在那里的待遇要比在南美洲西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地的黑人奴隸的待遇更為苛刻?？梢缘弥狢選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第中“FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyargued...”中文翻譯為:“弗雷爾和坦納博正確地主張了/論證了……”以及“Butthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelybasedonlyonalackofsomething.”中文翻譯為：但是，這并不能成為一種完整的解釋?zhuān)驗(yàn)閮H僅是從反面進(jìn)行的，以某些事物的缺乏為其依據(jù)?？梢酝茰y(cè)出B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Youcan'tkeepthemilkoutsideforanight,itwillturn（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sour

B.stained

C.rotten

D.acid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:sour“有酸味的”；B:stained“玷污的”；C:rotten“腐爛的；惡臭的”；D:acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面過(guò)夜，它會(huì)變質(zhì)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，表示牛奶變酸，故選A。

8.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（）brilliantcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:porch“陽(yáng)臺(tái)”；B:threshold“開(kāi)端；門(mén)檻”；C:edge“邊緣”；D:course“課程；航線(xiàn)”。句意：作為學(xué)院最年輕的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正處于輝煌事業(yè)的起點(diǎn)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，故B為正確答案。

9.單選題

Automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmerica'scities,andthesmog（）thepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presents

B.emerges

C.erects

D.imposes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:presents“呈現(xiàn)；提交；使產(chǎn)生”；B:emerges“出現(xiàn)”；C:erects“使直立”；D:imposes“強(qiáng)加；征稅”。句意：汽車(chē)而不是工廠(chǎng)，是美國(guó)城市三分之二的煙霧的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。煙霧產(chǎn)生了一種全新的流行病的可能性，不是由一種細(xì)菌引起的，而是由于環(huán)境污染造成的。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，由賓語(yǔ)是“一種全新疾病的可能性”，可知A為正確答案。

10.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:absorption“吸收”；B:transition“過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；C:consumption“消費(fèi)”；D:interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐后w，吸收了周?chē)形镔|(zhì)的熱量，這種吸收產(chǎn)生了周?chē)娜斯ず?。根?jù)語(yǔ)境和句意，這里所指的是吸熱，因此A最合適。

11.單選題

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.

Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.

Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible.”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,whichcontainedsomebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmoremotivationtoseekimprovement.

1.Teachersdifferintheiropinionsabout（）.

2.Theexpression"playsafe"probablymeans（）.

3.Teachersencouragetheuseofdictionariessothat（）.

4.Thewriterseemstothinkthattheteacher'sjudgmentonthatsensitivepieceofwritingis（）.

5.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifficultiesinteachingspelling

B.theroleofspellingingenerallanguagedevelopment

C.thecomplexitiesofthebasicwritingskills

D.thenecessityofteachingspelling

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.towritecarefully

B.todoasteacherssay

C.Iousedictionariesfrequently

D.toavoidusingwordsoneisnotsureof

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.studentswillbeabletoexpresstheirideasmorefreely

B.teacherswillhavelesstroubleincorrectingmistakes

C.studentswillhavemoreconfidenceinwriting

D.studentswilllearntobeindependentofteachers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.reasonable

B.unfair

C.foolish

D.careless

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofdevelopingwritingskills

B.thecomplexitiesofspelling

C.thecorrectwayofmarkingcompositions

D.therelationshipbetweenspellingandthecontentofacomposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thereare，however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability”，中文翻譯為“然而，對(duì)于怎么來(lái)教拼寫(xiě)或者是從提高整個(gè)語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展和寫(xiě)作能力方面來(lái)說(shuō)，把拼寫(xiě)放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法。”以及“Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling.”中文翻譯為：“所存在的問(wèn)題是，在寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中怎樣鼓勵(lì)孩子不要讓復(fù)雜的拼寫(xiě)來(lái)影響他流暢地，自信地表達(dá)自己的思想?！蓖茢喑鼋虒W(xué)分歧在于怎樣教授拼寫(xiě)、以及把拼寫(xiě)放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbelikelytoplaysafe.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage”，中文翻譯為“如果字的拼寫(xiě)成為老師關(guān)心的唯一焦點(diǎn)，很明顯，聰明的孩子很可能就會(huì)為‘保險(xiǎn)起見(jiàn)’，只寫(xiě)一些他會(huì)寫(xiě)的字，避免因冒險(xiǎn)而出錯(cuò)的語(yǔ)言?！笨梢酝茰y(cè)出D選項(xiàng)“避免用他/她不確定的內(nèi)容”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干theuseofdictionaries可以定位到文章第二段中Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That'swhyteachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.”中文翻譯為“他只寫(xiě)一些他會(huì)寫(xiě)的字，避免因冒險(xiǎn)而出錯(cuò)的語(yǔ)言。那就是為什么老師常常鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生很早就要使用字典，而且寫(xiě)作時(shí)重視內(nèi)容而非拼寫(xiě)技能?？梢酝茰y(cè)出A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生能更自由地表達(dá)自己的想法”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中“Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil'stechnical