2022版?zhèn)鋺?zhàn)老高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語Unit 2 Working the land Using language 教案

PAGEUnit2WorkingthelandCHEMICAL(化學(xué)的)ORORGANIC(有機(jī)的)FARMING?Overthepasthalfcentury，usingchemicalfertilizers(化肥)hasbecomeverycommoninfarming①．Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfinding②thatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamageto③thelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.化學(xué)耕作還是有機(jī)耕作？在過去的半個世紀(jì)里，在耕作中使用化肥已經(jīng)非常普遍。很多農(nóng)民喜歡使用化肥。把它們作為防治農(nóng)作物病蟲害和提高產(chǎn)量的重要手段。然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，他們會對人們的健康造成危害。[助讀講解]①“overthepast＋時間段”常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；動名詞短語usingchemicalfertilizers作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。②havebeenfinding是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時形式，表示動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且目前還在進(jìn)行中。③causedamageto對……產(chǎn)生損害。Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers④？First，theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)andpests(害蟲)aswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand，therefore，animalsandhumans，sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition，fruit，vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizers⑤usuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition(營養(yǎng))．Theymaylookbeautiful，butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.化肥帶來的問題有哪些呢？首先，化肥在殺死病菌和害蟲的同時也會殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地?；瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)還會在地里和地下水中保存很長時間，這影響到莊稼，從而影響到動物和人，因為化學(xué)物質(zhì)會進(jìn)入農(nóng)作物里面，而不能被沖洗掉。隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會在人體中堆積。這里面有很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。另外，施過化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長得過快而營養(yǎng)不足。它們表面上可能很好看，但是里面所含的水分通常比維生素和礦物質(zhì)多。[助讀講解]④過去分詞短語causedbychemicalfertilizers作后置定語。⑤過去分詞短語grownwithchemicalfertilizers作后置定語。Withthesediscoveries⑥，somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturnto⑦organicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoil(土壤)richandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreduces(減少)diseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers，therefore，oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile(肥沃的)．Thisalsokeepstheair，soil，waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些農(nóng)民和許多消費者開始轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作。有機(jī)耕作就是不用任何化學(xué)肥料的耕作。他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長。因此，使用有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民們通常愛使用天然的動物糞便當(dāng)作肥料。他們認(rèn)為這可以讓地里的土壤更富含礦物質(zhì)，變得更肥沃，還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。[助讀講解]⑥Withthesediscoveries在句中作原因狀語。⑦turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于。Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile⑧．Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears，forexample，growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans(大豆)⑨．Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcrops⑩suchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil，forexample，plantingpeanutsthatusetheground'ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeeproots(根)．Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil，andthenleavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear'scrop.Thesemanydifferentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal:togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民也使用很多其他的方法來保持土壤肥沃。他們通常每隔幾年就換種農(nóng)作物，比如在種玉米或小麥后的一年種豌豆或大豆。在同一塊地里，他們經(jīng)常每隔幾年就換種農(nóng)作物。例如，種玉米或小麥后來年再改種豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民還種植多種農(nóng)作物來利用不同層次的土壤。比如，他們先種植生長于淺層土壤的花生，然后再種植生根于深層土壤的蔬菜。一些有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民更喜歡在農(nóng)作物之間種草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，從而成為來年農(nóng)作物的天然肥料。這些不同的有機(jī)耕作的方法有著同樣的目標(biāo)：種植好的糧食，并且避免損害環(huán)境或者人們的健康。[助讀講解]⑧動詞不定式短語tokeepthesoilfertile作目的狀語；keep是使役動詞，這是“keep＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。⑨現(xiàn)在分詞短語growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans作狀語。⑩現(xiàn)在分詞短語makingitreadyforcrops...作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種必然的結(jié)果，這里make的用法跟前面keep的用法一致。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P14教材課文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．Problemscausedbychemical fertilizers.2．Para.2 B．Farmersandcustomersturnto organic farming.3．Para.3 C．Long-termuseofchemicalfert- ilizerscancausedamagetothelandand people'shealth.4．Para.4 D．Othermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.[答案]1－4CABD第二步細(xì)讀——把握文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P14教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．Fromthepassage，wecanseeorganicfarmersarethosewho．A．growcropswithchemicalfertilizersB．growcropswithnaturalfertilizersC．produceorganicfertilizersD．carefortheenvironment2．Fromthefourthparagraph，weknowthat．A．it'snotgoodtoplantgrassbetweencropsB．peanutsusethesurfaceofsoilC．peasandsoybeansshouldbegrowntogetherwithcornandwheatD．vegetablesthatputdowndeeprootsareharmfultothesoil3．sothatthesoilmaynotgetexhausted.A．FarmersgrowthesamecropsyearafteryearB．FarmersusenaturalfertilizersC．FarmerschangecropseverytwoorthreeyearsD．Farmersusechemicalfertilizers4．Howmanywaysdotheorganicfarmershavetokeeptheirsoilfertileandhealthy?A．3. B．4.C．5. D．6.[答案]1－4BBCB第三步研讀——能力升華接軌高考根據(jù)P14教材課文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Overthepasthalfcentury，ithasbecomeverycommonforfarmerstousechemicalfertilizersinfarming.1.Itisagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently，however，scientists2.havebeenfinding(find)thatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandandmakepeople3.unhealthy(health)．Therearelotsofproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers.Thereforesomefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming，whichis4.simply(simple)farmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Farmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfree5.ofdiseasebyusingdifferentmethods.Forexample，theypreferusingnaturalwastefrom6.animals(animal)asfertilizer.Theyoftenchange7.thekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears.Theyalsoplantcrops8.touse(use)differentlevelsofsoil.What'smore，theypreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventthesoilfrom9.beingcarried(carry)awaybywindorwater.10.Their(they)goalistogrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1．Itisimpolitetomakecomments(評論)onalady'sweight.2．Whilereading，helikesunderlining(畫底線標(biāo)出)thewordsandsentenceshelikes.3．Bacteria(細(xì)菌)areverysmalllivingthings，someofwhichcauseillnessordisease.4．Wearehavingdifficultyingettingridofthepests(害蟲)inourgarden.5．Sheisanxioustoskim(瀏覽)throughthearticletryingtofindhername.6．Hisgreatregretinlifeisthathedidn'tbringhometheAmerica'sCup.7．Sincethesoilisrichinminerals，theplantsofthefieldgrowwell.8．Finally，wefoundtherootoftheproblem.9．They'vereducedthepricesintheshop，soit'sagoodtimetodosomeshopping.10．Healthandenvironmentalproblemshaveincreasinglybecomethefocusofattention.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．confusevt.使迷惑；使為難→confusingadj.令人迷惑的→confusedadj.感到迷惑的→confusionn．迷惑2．chemicaladj.化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的→chemistryn．化學(xué)→chemistn．化學(xué)家；藥劑師3．producevt.生產(chǎn)；制造→producern．生產(chǎn)者；制片人→productionn．生產(chǎn)；制造4．discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺；觀察；觀測→discoveryn．發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺5．summaryn．總結(jié)；摘要；概要→summarizevt.總結(jié)；概述Ⅲ.補全短語根據(jù)提示補全下列短語1．causedamageto 給……造成損害2．buildup 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)3．leadto 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向……4．focuson 集中(注意力、精力等)于5．keep．..freefrom/of 使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使…… 不含 (有害物)6．inaddition 另外7．turnto 轉(zhuǎn)向；向……求助8．everyfewyears 每(隔)幾年Ⅳ.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Tobementallyhealthy，youneedtobuildupgoodrelationshipswitheachother.2．Thefarmerstakemeasurestokeeptheircropsfreefrom/ofdisease.3．Itisadisturbingproblemthatmanychemicalscanleadtocancer.4．YuanLongpinghasbeenfocusingonsearchingforawaytoincreasericeoutput.5．Ifyouareintrouble，youcanturntomeatanytime.背教材原句記句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫促落實1.Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，他們會對人們的健康造成危害。完成進(jìn)行時havebeendoing自從我上個月見到他，他一直在寫小說。HehasbeenworkingonhisnovelsinceImethimlastmonth.2.Inaddition，fruit，vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.另外，施過化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長得過快而營養(yǎng)不足。too...to...“太……而不能……”他太年輕，不能理解你的話。Heistooyoungtounderstandyourwords.3.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。v.-ing作結(jié)果狀語80多個國家都踢足球，因此足球成了一種很流行的運動。Footballisplayedinmorethan80countries，makingitapopularsport.confusevt.使迷惑；使為難(教材P13)Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.重新解釋一下很重要，否則我們會讓學(xué)生感到困惑。(1)confuseAwith/andB 把A與B混淆(2)confusedadj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的beconfusedabout... 對……感到困惑(3)confusingadj. (事/物)令人困惑的；難懂的①IalwaysconfuseJohnwithhisbrother；theyaresomuchalike.我常常辨別不清約翰和他弟弟，他們太像了。②Iwouldoftengetconfused(confuse)whenIcameacrossnewwordswithasimilarspelling.當(dāng)遇到拼寫相似的生詞時，我常常感到困惑。③Theconfusinginstructionsmademeconfused．(confuse)這份令人費解的說明書把我搞糊涂了。regretvt.遺憾；惋惜n．[U，C]遺憾；懊悔(教材P13)Hisfathersaysthathehasneverregrettedsendinghissontostudyabroad.他爸爸說他從不后悔送他兒子出國學(xué)習(xí)。(1)regretdoing/havingdonesth. 后悔做了某事regrettodosth. 遺憾將要做某事(2)muchtoone'sregret 讓某人深感遺憾的是withregret 遺憾地①Ifyoudon'tstudyhardnow，you'llregretitinthefuture.如果你現(xiàn)在不努力學(xué)習(xí)，將來你會后悔的。②Jerrydidnotregretgiving(give)thecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.杰里不后悔給出評論，但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達(dá)的。③Weregrettoinform(inform)youthatwecannothelpyou.我們遺憾地通知您，我們無法幫助您。④Muchtomyregret，I'munabletoacceptyourkindinvitation.令我非常遺憾的是，我不能接受你善意的邀請。buildup逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)(教材P14)Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會在人體中堆積。putup 張貼；舉起；建造；提供食宿setup 建立；開辦giveup 放棄addup 加起來①Theirachievementshavebuiltupmyconfidenceanddeterminationinmycareer.他們?nèi)〉玫某删驮鰪?qiáng)了我對事業(yè)的信心和決心。②Takingexercisehelpsusbuildupourbodyandkeepaclearmind.鍛煉有助于我們增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，保持頭腦清醒。③Theyhavesetupanorganizationtohelpthepoor.他們已成立了一個組織來幫助窮人。leadto導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向……(教材P14)Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.這里面有很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。leadsb.todosth. 使某人做某事leadsb.to... 帶某人去……leadtheway 帶路lead/livea．..life 過……樣的生活①Astheoldsayinggoes，“AllroadsleadtoRome.”常言道，條條大道通羅馬。②Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief'sbeingcaught(catch)．新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得小偷被抓住。③InclassIwilldividethestudentsintosmallgroupsandleadthemtopractice(practice)speakingEnglishinaninterestingway.在課堂上我會把學(xué)生分成小組用有趣的方法讓他們練習(xí)說英語。[名師點津]表示“導(dǎo)致”的常用表達(dá)還有：cause，resultin，bringabout。[語境助記]Heledtheway，andledustoavillageofTibet.Therewefoundthelocalpeopleledahappylife.他帶路，把我們領(lǐng)到了西藏的一個小村莊。在那里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^著幸福的生活。focusn．焦點；中心點vt.集中；聚焦(教材P14)Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。(1)focuson 把精力集中于……focusone'sattentiononsth. 把注意力集中到……(2)thefocusofattention 關(guān)注的焦點①Thediscussionfocusesonthedeathrateintrafficaccidents.此次討論集中在交通事故的死亡率上。②Toleadahappylifeinthefuture，youshouldfocusmoreattentiononyourcareerwhileyouareyoung.為了將來過上幸福的生活，趁著年輕你應(yīng)該多關(guān)注你的事業(yè)。[名師點津]表示“集中注意力于……”的其他短語：①payattentiontosth.②putone'sheartintosth.③fixone'sattentiononsth.reducevt.減少；減縮；減弱(教材P14)Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長。(1)reduceto... 減少到/降低到……reduceby... 減少了/降低了……(2)rise/increaseeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to...增加到……,by...增加了……))①Ifyouwanttoloseweight，trytoreducetheamountoffatinyourdiet.如果你想減肥，請盡量減少飲食中的脂肪。②Ifyoubuymorethanten，theywillreducethepriceby10percent.你如果買10個以上他們就會把價格降低10%。[名師點津]reduce“減少”的近義詞是decrease，反義詞是increase，rise(增加)。這三個詞與reduce用法一樣，后可接to...表示增減的結(jié)果，接by...表示增減的幅度。③Theirsalaryhasbeenincreasedby20percentsincelastyear.自去年以來，他們的工資已經(jīng)增長了20%。keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)(教材P14)Thisalsokeepstheair，soil，waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。befreefrom/of 不受……傷害forfree/freeofcharge 免費setfree 釋放①Theylikelivinginavillagefreefrom/ofcrowdsandnoises.他們喜歡住在村子里，遠(yuǎn)離人群和喧鬧。②Yourorderwillbedeliveredforfreewithinaten-milelimit.在10英里范圍之內(nèi)，您的訂貨將免費送貨上門。commentn．[C，U]評論；議論vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見；作出評論(教材P15)Swapsummarieswithyourpartnerandgiveeachothercomments.和你的搭檔交換摘要并互相評論。(1)Nocomment！ 無可奉告！makecomments/acommentabout/on... 對……加以評論(2)commenton... 對……發(fā)表評論commentthat... 評論說……①Shemadehelpfulcommentsonmywork，whichmademeveryhappy.她對我的工作提出了有益的意見，這使我很高興。②—Doyouhaveanycommentaboutthecauseoftheemergency?——您對這起突發(fā)事件發(fā)生的原因有何評論？—Nocomment!——無可奉告！③Thereportercommented(comment)thatthisfilmwasverymoving.這位記者評論說，這部電影是很感人的。(教材P14)Recently，however，scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand，evenmoredangerous，topeople'shealth.然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，他們會對人們的健康造成危害?！疽c提煉】該句為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。havebeenfinding是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示一個動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。①Tom，whohasbeenlearningEnglishformanyyears，isfluentinspokenEnglishnow.湯姆多年來一直學(xué)英語，現(xiàn)在英語口語很流利。②Nowonderyouaresotired.Youhavebeenworking(work)allday.難怪你這么累，你已經(jīng)工作一天了。③Thestudentshavebeenworking(work)hardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學(xué)生們一直在刻苦做功課，他們的努力最終一定會得到回報。(教材P14)Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil，makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如小麥或玉米。【要點提煉】句中makingitready...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。動詞-ing作結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于一個并列謂語，描述謂語動詞發(fā)生后所帶來的一種自然而然的結(jié)果。①Manypeoplemovedto