2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號19

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Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問題1選項

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項engagein“從事于”；C選項indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項hangon“堅持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通常……一杯酒。能與“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項“沉湎于”。

2.單選題

Theconceptof"civilsociety"hasplayedacentralroleintherecentglobaldebateaboutthepreconditionsfordemocracyanddemocratization.Inthenewerdemocraciesthisphrasehasproperlyfocusedattentionontheneedtofosteravibrantciviclifeinsoilstraditionallyinhospitabletoself-government.Intheestablisheddemocracies,ironically,growingnumbersofcitizensarequestioningtheeffectivenessoftheirpublicinstitutionsattheverymomentwhenliberaldemocracyhassweptthebattlefield,bothideologicallyandgeopolitically.InAmerica,atleast,thereisreasontosuspectthatthisdemocraticdisarraymaybelinkedtoabroadandcontinuingerosionofcivicengagementthatbeganaquarter-centuryago.Highonourscholarlyagendashouldbethequestionofwhetheracomparableerosionofsocialcapitalmaybeunderwayinotheradvanceddemocracies,perhapsindifferentinstitutionalandbehavioralguises.HighonAmerica'sagendashouldbethequestionofhowtoreversetheseadversetrendsinsocialconnectedness,thusrestoringcivicengagementandcivictrust.

InBowlingAlone(2000)Putnamfollowedupwithacomprehensiveexplorationofasubstantialarrayofdatasources.Theevidencebegantolookconvincing.Firstintherealmofcivicengagementandsocialconnectednesshewasabletodemonstratethat,forexample,overthelastthreedecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherehadbeenaFundamentalshiftin:

Politicalandcivicengagement.Voting:politicalknowledge,politicaltrust,andgrassrootspoliticalactivismamalldown.Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott,ascomparedtojustadecadeortwoago.Thedeclinesareequallyvisibleinnon-politicalcommunitylife:membershipandactivityinallsortsoflocalclubsandcivicandreligiousorganizationshavebeenfallingatanacceleratingpace.Inthemid-1970stheaverageAmericanattendedsomeclubmeetingeverymonth,by1998thatrateofattendancehadbeencutbynearly60percent.

Informalsocialties.In1975theaverageAmericanentertainedfriendsathome15timesperyear;theequivalentfigure(1998)isnowbarelyhalfthat.Virtuallyallleisureactivitiesthatinvolvedoingsomethingwithsomeoneelse,fromplayingvolleyballtoplayingchambermusic,aredeclining.

Toleranceandtrust.AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless.Surveydataprovideonemeasureofthegrowthofdishonestyanddistrust,butthereareotherindicators.Forexample,employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnantformostofthiscentury-indeed,Americahadfewerlawyerspercapitain1970thanin1900.Inthelastquartercenturytheseoccupationsboomed,aspeoplehaveincreasinglyturnedtothecourtsandthepolice.

Hewentontoexaminethepossiblereasonsforthisdecline.Crucially,hewasabletodemonstratethatsomefavoritecandidatesforblamecouldnotberegardedassignificant.Residentialmobilityhadactuallybeendecliningforthelasthalfofthecentury.Timepressure,especiallyontwo-careerfamilies,couldonlybeamarginalcandidate.Somefamiliarthemesremainedthough:

Changesinfamilystructure(i.e.withmoreandmorepeoplelivingalone),areapossibleelementasconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople.Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople’s.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable(andlessinclination)tobecomeinvolvedingroups.Suburbansprawlisaverysignificantcontributor.

Electronicentertainment,especiallytelevision,hasprofoundlyprivatizedleisuretime.Thetimewespendwatchingtelevisionisadirectdrainuponinvolvementingroupsandsocialcapitalbuildingactivities.Itmaycontributeupto40percentofthedeclineininvolvementingroups.

However,generationalchangecameoutasaverysignificantfactor.A“l(fā)ongcivicgeneration,"borninthefirstthirdofthetwentiethcentury,isnowpassingfromtheAmericanscene."Theirchildrenandgrandchildren(babyboomersandGenerationX-ers)aremuchlessengagedinmostformsofcommunitylife.Forexample,thegrowthinvolunteeringoverthelasttenyearsisduealmostentirelytoincreasedvolunteeringbyretireesfromthelongcivicgeneration".Thebookalsoexplorestheconsequencesofadeclineinsocialcapital(andthebenefitsenjoyedbythosecommunitieswithasubstantialstockofit),andwhatcanbedone.

Variouscriticismscanbemountedagainsttheargument-andmosttellingly,initially,againstthedataanditsinterpretation-however,Putnamhasmountedaverysignificantandsustainedcasehere-butitisstillopentovariouscriticisms.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichoneofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2.WhichpositionwasNOTstagnantformostofthiscenturyaccordingtoPutnam’sexploration?

3.WhatisthechangeonsigningpetitionsandjoiningboycottsinAmerica?

4.Howdoesthefamilystructureinfluencepeople'scivicinvolvement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeauthors’opiniononPutnam'sexploration?

問題1選項

A.Americansarenowtendingtotakingpartinnon-politicalactivitiesratherthanpoliticalactivities.

B.Currentcomplaintsindemocraciesmainlyfocusontheintegrityofgovernmentandpoliticians.

C.Americansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanbeforewhiletheytrusteachotherless.

D.Thereisnoproofthatsuburbansprawlhasanythingtodowithpeople’sinvolvementingroups.

問題2選項

A.Policeofficer

B.Attorneys

C.Securityguard

D.Nursingassistant

問題3選項

A.Peoplesign30%fewerpetitionsandjoin40%fewerboycotts.

B.Peoplesign40%fewerpetitionsandjoin30%fewerboycotts.

C.Peoplesign40%morepetitionsandjoin30%moreboycotts.

D.Peoplesign30%morepetitionsandjoin40%moreboycotts.

問題4選項

A.PeoplefinditmoreinterestingspendingtimewatchingTVratherthangoingoutside.

B.Traditionalwaysoftakingpartincivicactivitiesarepoorforsingleandchildlesscouples.

C.Contradictionsbetweenfamilymemberspreventpeoplefromcivicinvolvement.

D.Ittakestoomuchtimeforpeopletoenjoyleisureopportunities.

問題5選項

A.Itisenoughforustodrawaconclusiononcivicengagementandsocialconnectedness.

B.Morediscussionsarestillneededinsolvingtheproblemsofcivilsociety.

C.ThecaseofAmericanscanbeappliedtomorecountriesandregions.

D.Itisanoverduereportforsocialandethnologicalstudy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。第五段指出：AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless(盡管美國人比前幾代人對彼此更加寬容，但他們對彼此的信任卻減少了)，因此，C項“美國人彼此比從前更加寬容和包容，但是彼此間的信任卻減少了”正確。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞stagnant可定位至第五段“…employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnant”，警察、律師和保安人員的就業(yè)前景變得昏暗。因此，本題選D項“護理助理”。

第3題:3.事實細節(jié)題。第三段指出：Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott(美國人簽署的請愿書不到30%，40%的人不那么想?yún)⒓酉M者抵制活動了)，由此可知A項“簽署的請愿書的人不到30%，參與消費者抵制活動的人不到40%”正確。

第4題:4.事實細節(jié)題。題干問的是:家庭結(jié)構(gòu)如何影響人們的公民參與？A：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)看電視比參加戶外活動更有趣。這不是“家庭結(jié)構(gòu)”這一要素所產(chǎn)生的影響，故排除。B：因為傳統(tǒng)參與公共活動的方式不適合單身的和沒孩子的人群。第七段指出：...asconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople(因為傳統(tǒng)參與公共活動的方式不適合單身的和沒孩子的人群)。因此B項正確。C：家庭成員之間的矛盾，使得人們無法參與公共活動，文章并未提及。D：人們沒有太多的時間享受休閑時光。第七段指出：Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople's.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable（andlessinclination）tobecomeinvolvedingroups（市郊的擴張割裂了人們生活空間的完整性。人們必須長途跋涉到更遠的地方去工作、購物和享受閑暇時光。因此，參與團體的時間更少（傾向也更少））。因此D項不正確。綜上所述，本題選B。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。最后一段表明：針對這一論點，有各種各樣的批評——最能說明問題的是，最初的批評是針對數(shù)據(jù)及其解釋的——然而，普特南提出了一個非常重要和持久的論點——但是目前還無法給出一個定論。因此B項“要解決公民社會的問題，還需要大量的討論”正確。

3.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimplyabnormal,orunusual——adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween“weird”and“strange”issopronouncethatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:“Yourmother’scookiestasteweird”comparedto“Yourmotherscookiestastestrange”.Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother’scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflourperhaps.

Finally,let’slookatthesynonyms,“happy”and“glad”.Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2）Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyes,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conveysasenseofrelieforcontentment.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently,astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttousthespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionarythetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues——isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,difference.

1.Asusedinparagraph1，whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdescribessomeonewhoisutilitarian?

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagerepresentsafact,ratherthananopinion?

4.Theauthorwrites:“Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,‘difficult’’iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.Mildcuriosity.

B.Wryskepticismof.

C.Passionateindignation.

D.Excessiveconcern.

問題2選項

A.Withoutfail,Edgarrisesatdaybreak,catstwoeggsforbreakfast,drinksaglassoforangejuice,lacesuphisbootsandheadsoutintothefield.

B.Inhopesofimpressingtheirclassmates,moststudentsweartheirnewwinterjacketstotheplay,Alyosha,however,knowsitwillbewarminthetheaterandthereforeleaveshisjacketathome.

C.Nikkosparkshiscarsothatothercarscannotgetout.Uponreturningtohiscar,awomaniswaitingthereonhimtomove.Shelooksupset.Hetellsherit’snothisproblem,getsinhiscaranddrivesoff.

D.Amytakestimetolookniceinthemorning.Shebrushesherhair,putsonlightmakeup,andpicksouttheclothesshewillwearfortheday.

問題3選項

A.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.

B.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.

C.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

問題4選項

A.Onomatopoeia.

B.Hyperbole.

C.Personification.

D.Metaphor.

問題5選項

A.conscientious

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.belligerent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第四句“mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.”，大多數(shù)人缺乏一絲不茍的學究精神，對這種小事吹毛求疵。由此可知scrupulouspedanticalness表示過分的關(guān)注，意思與excessiveconcern相近。因此D選項正確。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段“Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature”，這是一個功利性的詞，能完成工作，但不能為其唐突、粗魯?shù)男袨榈狼?。選項A“埃德加必須得在黎明時分起床，他拿了兩個雞蛋當早餐，喝了一杯橘子汁，用帶子系緊靴子，然后朝田野走去”。選項B“為了給同學留下深刻印象，大多數(shù)學生都穿著新的冬季夾克去看戲。然而，阿約沙知道劇院里會很暖和，所以他把夾克留在家里”。選項D“艾米為了早晨看起來氣色不錯，精心打扮著：梳頭、化了淡妝、穿上她特意為這一時刻準備的衣服”。選項A、B、D均與原文不符。因此C選項正確。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。題干的意思是問“下列哪一個句子陳述的是事實，而非觀點？”由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章后五段。選項A“使用者假定兩個詞之間不存在差異時，可以任意地使用其中一個或另一個。”選項B“一想到‘快樂’的人，腦海中就會浮現(xiàn)出一個明亮的眼睛、紅潤的笑臉”。選項C“沒有人愿意和‘奇怪’的事情聯(lián)系在一起”。選項A、B、C均與題意不符。因此D選項正確。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段。題干問“以下哪一種文學手法在題干所引用的句子中被使用？”選項A“擬聲。”選項B“夸張”。選項C“擬人”。選項D“暗喻”。選項A、B、C均與題意不符。因此D選項正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences”，通過以上的例子和見解，人們可能會逐漸認識到這些細微但至關(guān)重要的差異。由此可知，關(guān)于近義詞的普遍理解方式，作者需要認真謹慎的描述。選項A“認真的，盡責的”。選項B“高傲的，自大的”。選項C“可憐的”。選項D“好戰(zhàn)的”。選項B、C、D均與題意不符，因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“注意到;意識到;察覺到;”；B選項deceive“欺騙;蒙騙”；C選項conceive“出(主意、計劃等);想象;構(gòu)想”；D選項receive“拿到;接到;收到”。句意：我覺察到他的腿有點瘸，所以我放慢了腳步。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“所以我放慢了腳步”可知是因為“覺察到”他的腿有點瘸。故選A。

5.單選題

WhentheAmericanpsychologistWayneOatesdiedin1999,theNewYorkTimesbeganhisobituarybynotingtwofacts.First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books.Second—andpresumablynotcoincidentally—hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic.Oatesinventedthenew-ubiquitoustermina1968essay,inwhichheconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousnesshadbeenadisordersimilartosubstanceabuse.Ofcourse,heacknowledged,workaholismismuchmorerespectablethandrinkingafifthaday—morethesortofpersonalitytraitthatmighthelpsomeone,say,earnanobitinthepaperrecord.

Whatprecisely,qualifiessomeoneasaworkaholic?There’sstillnosingleacceptedmedicaldefinition.Butpsychologistshavetriedtodistinguishpeoplemerelydevotedtotheircareersfromthetrueaddicts.Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments.Newerdiagnostictestsattempttosingleoutthosewho,amongotherbehaviors,bingeandthensufferfromwithdrawal—justassomeonewouldwith,say,agamblingorcocainehabit.

Evenasthepreciseoutlinesofworkaholismremainabitfuzzy,variousstudieshavetriedtoidentifyitsphysicalandemotionaleffects.AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression.Thatistosaynothingofitstollonfamilymembers.Perhapsunsurprisingly,spousesofworkaholicstendtoreportunhappinesswiththeirmarriages.Havingaworkaholicparentishardlybetter.Astudyofcollegeundergraduatesfoundthatchildrenofworkaholicsscored72percenthigheronmeasuresofdepressionthanchildrenofalcoholics.Theyalsoexhibitedmore-severelevelsof“prettification"—atermfamilytherapistsuseforsonsanddaughterswho,asthepaperputit,’’areparentstotheirownparentsandsacrificetheirownneeds...toaccommodateandcarefortheemotionalneedsandpursuitsofparentsoranotherfamilymember."

Howmanypeoplearetrueworkaholics?Onerecentestimatesuggeststhatabout10percentofU.S.adultsmightqualify;theproportionisashighas23percentamonglawyers,doctors,andpsychologists.Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare:in1998,27percentofCanadianstoldthecountry'sSocialSurveythattheywereworkaholics,including38percentofthosewithincomesover$80,000,(Evenamongthosewithnoincome,22percentcalledthemselvesworkaholics!Presumablysomewerebusyhomemakersandstudents.)

Theconditionmaywellhaveacertainsocialcachet;asthepsychologistBryanRobinsononcepartinworkadditionmightbe“thebest-dressedmentalhealthproblem”ofthemall.Inoneoftherareeconomicsstudiesonthesubject,researchersfoundthattheeducatedandaffluentweremuchmorelikelythanlower-incomeAmericanstoputoffretirement,apossiblesignofworkaholisminaddition.Suchdelayedretirementcertainlygivesnewmeaningtothephrase“worktodeath”.Forwhatitisworth,theconceptwouldnotraisemanyeyebrowsinJapan,wheregruelingjobhourshavelongbeenanorm,andthereisawordfordeathbyoverwork-karoshi.Thecountry’scourtshaveevenrecognizeditasabasisforwrongful-deathsuits.

1.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutWayneOatesaretrueEXCEPTthat（）.

2.Whatisthedefinitionofworkaholicsgivenbytheseminal1992paper?

3.WhichofthefollowingresultisNOTrelatedtoworkaholism?

4.Whatcanbeimpliedfrom"whetherornottheyactuallyare'’inthefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.hethoughtworkaholismwasnotsociallyrespectable

B.hehadwritten57books

C.hebroughtthetermworkaholictotheworld

D.headmittedhisownadditiontowork

問題2選項

A.thosewhoworkwillinglyandhappily

B.thosewhoworkhardandhappily

C.thosewhoworkunwillinglyandunhappily

D.thosewhoworkhardandunhappily

問題3選項

A.Sleepdisorder

B.Weightloss

C.Depressionandanxiety

D.Unhappymarriages

問題4選項

A.Nobodyishardworkingatall.

B.Somepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

C.Allthepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

D.Somepeopleprefertoberegardedashardworking.

問題5選項

A.Thereasonswhypeoplebecomeworkaholics.

B.Thedefinitionandharmofworkaholism.

C.Thecountriesthathavethemostworkaholics.

D.Themethodsofnotbeingaworkaholic.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個選項對WayneOates的描述不對？”文章第一段提到他寫了57本書（First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books），因此選項B的描述是正確的，排除；第一段提到他創(chuàng)造了workaholic這個詞(hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic),因此選項C的描述是正確的，排除；第一段提到他承認自己沉迷于工作（heconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousness），因此選項D的描述是正確的，排除。綜上，選項A符合題意。

第2題:2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“1992年的那篇論文對工作狂的定義是什么？”文章第二段提到1992年的研究認為工作狂是那些不僅強迫自己工作并且不享受工作的人（Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments），因此選項C符合題意。

第3題:3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪項不是工作狂導致的結(jié)果？”文章第三段第二句話提到與工作狂相關(guān)的問題有睡眠問題、體重增加、高血壓、焦慮和抑郁（AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression），因此選項B符合題意。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第四段中的‘他們是否是真的（是工作狂）’暗示了什么？”文章第四段提到有更多人傾向于稱他們自己是工作狂，不論他們是不是（Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare），即無論他們是不是真正的工作狂，都希望被別人看到熱衷于工作，因此選項D符合題意。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要講述了工作狂這個詞的由來，它的定義，以及它所帶來的不良后果，因此選項B符合題意。

6.翻譯題

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,s