2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)72

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-浙江工商大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hardly（

）thehelicopter（

）whenthewaitingcrowdrantowardsit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.had...landed

B.has...landed

C.would...land

D.was...landing

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的部分倒裝用法。當(dāng)hardly位于句首時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)間條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句必須采取倒裝的表達(dá)，即將had提到句子主語(yǔ)前。因?yàn)橹骶涞膭?dòng)作是發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前，故主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意為：直升飛機(jī)一降落，一旁等待的士兵就沖了上來(lái)。故選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)ifonly“如果”；B選項(xiàng)until“直到……才”；C選項(xiàng)incase“萬(wàn)一”；D選項(xiàng)unless“除非”。根據(jù)從句意思“只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意為：我相信只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare（

）anyreductioninwages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectingagainst

B.opposedto

C.resistingagainst

D.reactedto

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“anyreductioninwages工資的任何減少”和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成選擇固定搭配“beopposedtosth反對(duì)某事”的B項(xiàng)正確。英語(yǔ)中一般不用“objectagainst”或“resistagainst”的搭配；英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“bereactedtosth.”這種搭配，一般用“reactedtosth.對(duì)某事起反應(yīng)”。句意為：這個(gè)行業(yè)的工會(huì)反對(duì)任何減薪。故正確答案選B。

4.單選題

Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorses’hoofsfrom“WagonTrain”or“Cheyenne”andlaughterfrom“ILoveLucy”,or“MisterEd”.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned—books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”

Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’lldriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.

ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwasto（

）makehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

C.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

D.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

B.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.?

C.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hesitant

B.determined

C.reluctant

D.unprepared

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

C.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare...WewatchedTVeverynight.那是1961年，我在五年級(jí)。我在學(xué)校的成績(jī)很糟糕，問(wèn)題是，我還并不在意……我們每天晚上看電視?！笨芍x項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.我和我的哥哥和媽媽住在底特律一個(gè)昏暗的多戶人家共同居住的房子里?！笨芍髡呒揖巢⒉缓?，故答案選B。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第二三段描述了作者的母親回到家關(guān)上電視要讓他們開(kāi)始讀書(shū)，每周讀兩本并寫(xiě)報(bào)告，家里沒(méi)書(shū)就開(kāi)車(chē)送他們?nèi)D書(shū)館等等，由此可知母親是下定決心讓兒子們讀書(shū)，因此答案選B。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.所以很快就有兩個(gè)壞脾氣的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奧茲莫比爾汽車(chē)上，在去底特律公共圖書(shū)館的路上?！笨芍麄儾磺樵溉D書(shū)館，故答案選B。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.當(dāng)時(shí)我并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，但這段經(jīng)歷和看電視完全不同。在我的腦海里形成了一些圖像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻過(guò)一頁(yè)，一次又一次地回到他們身邊。”可知作者愛(ài)上讀書(shū)是因?yàn)闀?shū)能給他全新的感受，讓他浮想聯(lián)翩，而不是因?yàn)樗芊磸?fù)地讀這些書(shū)，因此答案選B。

5.單選題

Clarkfeltthathis（

）ononeofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apprehension

B.appreciation

C.presentation

D.participation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apprehension“理解；拘捕；憂慮”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation“評(píng)價(jià)，鑒賞”；C選項(xiàng)presentation“贈(zèng)送，授予；提供，顯示；外觀”；D選項(xiàng)participation“參加，參與”。四個(gè)單詞形狀相似?？崭癫糠质琴e語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，on引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beworth是值得的”，可知空格部分單詞意思是“參加”，句意為：克拉克認(rèn)為他能參加一直以來(lái)最受人矚目的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，吃點(diǎn)苦也值得。選項(xiàng)D符合句子意思，為最佳答案。

6.單選題

Thetenantmustbepreparedtodecoratethehouse（

）thetermsofthecontract.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthevicinityof

B.inquestof

C.inaccordancewith

D.incollaborationwith

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inthevicinityof“在……附近”；B選項(xiàng)inquestof“探尋、尋求”；C選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”；D選項(xiàng)incollaborationwith“與……合作”，由題干“合同條款”可知inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”符合題意，句意為：根據(jù)合約，房客必須準(zhǔn)備裝飾房子。選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

7.單選題

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝用法。在“so/such…that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so和such連同它所修飾成分置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。主句需要倒裝；根據(jù)句子后面的結(jié)構(gòu)“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引導(dǎo)的主句，需要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：導(dǎo)游帶游客去奢侈品商店太頻繁，以至于許多游客向旅行社投訴。故正確答案選C。

8.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，要素”；B選項(xiàng)component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項(xiàng)constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個(gè)重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

9.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書(shū)、一個(gè)糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)把一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭變成一個(gè)新的貧困家庭?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過(guò)去一年的大部分時(shí)間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會(huì)保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮?chǔ)蓄賬戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報(bào)進(jìn)行交易?！庇纱丝芍狟選項(xiàng)“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對(duì)成本和家庭承擔(dān)的份額都上升了，而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃正從立法機(jī)構(gòu)蔓延到沃爾瑪員工，免賠額大大提高，家庭未來(lái)醫(yī)療保健的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也增加了?！庇纱丝芍狣選項(xiàng)“增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，政治方面的影響可能也不遠(yuǎn)了?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題可能會(huì)帶來(lái)政治問(wèn)題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變，面臨著一系列危機(jī)，由此可判斷B項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)在懸崖上”符合題意。

10.單選題

Mr.Taylorfeltvery（

）atthesuggestionthathehadstolenthecar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatient

B.indigenous

C.intolerant

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impatient“不耐煩的”；B選項(xiàng)indigenous“本土的”；C選項(xiàng)intolerant“狹隘的”；D選項(xiàng)indignant“憤怒的”；根據(jù)題干“有人說(shuō)泰勒先生偷了那輛車(chē)”，可知泰勒先生會(huì)覺(jué)得indignant“憤怒的”。故正確答案選D。

11.單選題

Theofficialclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelawinorderto（

）America.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.applaud

B.apprehend

C.appeal

D.appease

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)applaud“贊同，稱(chēng)贊”；B選項(xiàng)apprehend“理解”；C選項(xiàng)appeal“將……上訴”；D選項(xiàng)appease“安撫，對(duì)……做出讓步”。由“thegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw政府改變法律”，后面是inorderto表示目的的介詞短語(yǔ)，可知空格部分意思為“安撫，平息”，句意為：有官員稱(chēng)政府改變法律僅僅是為了對(duì)美國(guó)做出讓步。選項(xiàng)D與之意思接近。

12.翻譯題

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中建立一定程度的運(yùn)輸和庫(kù)存成本的模糊性，將可以估算出這些成本的高值和低值，而成本將會(huì)在這些最壞和最好的情況之間。全球采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)也是動(dòng)態(tài)的，隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)發(fā)生變化和改進(jìn)。至關(guān)重要的是，結(jié)為伙伴關(guān)系的各方都要對(duì)采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，以確保達(dá)成共識(shí)。當(dāng)國(guó)際采購(gòu)是公司的一種選擇時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮以下額外幾點(diǎn)：使用童工的可能性，變化的關(guān)稅結(jié)構(gòu)，外貿(mào)區(qū)，保稅出口組裝和補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。

13.單選題

Moreoftenitisthefatherormother,andnotthechildren,（

）theresponsibilityofgenerationgap.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whotake

B.whomtake

C.whomtakes

D.whotakes

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)thefatherormother,andnotthechildren是人且意義上是個(gè)單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)人可以用who，句意為：更常見(jiàn)的是父親或母親而不是孩子要承擔(dān)代溝的責(zé)任。因此答案選D。

14.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）

onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compile“編輯”；B選項(xiàng)gather“聚集、收集”；C選項(xiàng)collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”；D選項(xiàng)collect“收集、收藏”，從句中關(guān)鍵詞“worktogether一起工作”可聯(lián)系到collaborate“合作、協(xié)作”，句意為：當(dāng)莎拉和我為校報(bào)合作寫(xiě)一篇文章時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一起工作是很困難的。故正確答案選C。

15.單選題

Mr.Smithcannottellalieskillfully;anyonecan（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.seehimthrough

B.seehimthroughout

C.seethroughhim

D.seethroughouthim

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)。由關(guān)鍵信息cannottellalieskillfully“不善于說(shuō)謊”可知短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞seethrough“看穿，識(shí)破”符合題意，句意為：史密斯先生不善于說(shuō)謊；任何人都可以看穿他。故答案選C。

16.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement:thatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievements,suchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（

）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（

）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第三句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能沒(méi)辦法生存：既不知道何為歡喜和快樂(lè)，也不知道何為焦慮和恐懼，他們可能重復(fù)做出傷害性的行為，就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣?！庇纱丝芍绻藗兩嬖谝粋€(gè)沒(méi)有情感的世界里，因?yàn)閷?duì)于自身行為的性質(zhì)沒(méi)辦法區(qū)別，所以會(huì)導(dǎo)致自己很難生存。故正確答案選B。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段第四句“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們不會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)：他們不能從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)無(wú)情感的世界缺乏獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰”，由此可知，沒(méi)有情感的世界，對(duì)于人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)不存在激勵(lì)，沒(méi)有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰的機(jī)制。反之，人們能夠進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)主要也是因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰機(jī)制的存在。故正確答案選C。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段結(jié)尾“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork…Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀，既然掙100萬(wàn)美元不會(huì)比掙10美元更讓人愉快，工作就會(huì)失去動(dòng)力……正如我們看到的，激勵(lì)意味著享受它們的能力。”根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞foundation可以對(duì)應(yīng)定位到上文“underpinnings基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，由此可知社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)是建立在人們享受激勵(lì)的能力上的。故正確答案選C。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句提到了“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.在這樣一個(gè)世界里，人類(lèi)生存下來(lái)的可能性幾乎為零，因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。情緒以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界?！比缓缶团e例具體闡述了情緒是如何具體影響我們的生存和適應(yīng)身邊事物的。其中第六句“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreement…從我們對(duì)事物和事件的情感體驗(yàn)中，產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)共識(shí)”，這也就解釋了本段第一句中所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情感對(duì)于生存和發(fā)展的重要性，所以正確答案選B。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.誠(chéng)然，我們會(huì)考慮物體的長(zhǎng)度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但是，比起它對(duì)我們所做的，能做的事情，給我們帶來(lái)的傷害，驚訝，憤怒或者歡樂(lè)，事物的物質(zhì)方面沒(méi)有那么重要?！北揪湓捥岬绞挛锏那楦蟹矫姹任镔|(zhì)方面重要的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)合上下文，我們使用情感來(lái)分類(lèi)事物，也就是通過(guò)情感，我們適應(yīng)周?chē)氖澜纭Ｓ纱送茢?，選項(xiàng)D為符合題意的最佳答案。

17.單選題

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol（禮儀）governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(專(zhuān)家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto（

）.

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans（

）.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段最后兩句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，每個(gè)人靠賣(mài)東西為生。商務(wù)名片促進(jìn)了這一努力?！庇纱丝芍?，人們遞商務(wù)名片是為了賣(mài)產(chǎn)品，選項(xiàng)C符合上下文語(yǔ)境，為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時(shí)代，擁有名片并不意味著你有興趣結(jié)成商務(wù)關(guān)系，而是你有遺產(chǎn)，所以你不需要為生計(jì)犯愁。”由此可知題干句子的意思應(yīng)該指從祖先那里得到一大筆遺產(chǎn)之意。oldmoney意為“祖?zhèn)鬟z產(chǎn)”，故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他們的日子就是在社交活動(dòng)中打發(fā)的”可知選項(xiàng)C符合文意；由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理這些社交活動(dòng)的禮儀與正確使用卡片有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系”可知他們?cè)谏缃换顒?dòng)中交換名片是需遵守復(fù)雜的禮儀規(guī)范，因此選項(xiàng)D沒(méi)錯(cuò)，以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的禮儀手冊(cè)里面整個(gè)章節(jié)都在討論這樣的問(wèn)題：一個(gè)單身男士是否可以給女士遞名片?！笨芍x項(xiàng)B無(wú)誤；選項(xiàng)A文章中沒(méi)有提及，因此答案選A。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我們今天用于商業(yè)目的的卡片是19世紀(jì)社會(huì)名片的俗化，是一種具有完全不同目的的工藝品。”以及文章第三段第一句中“Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商業(yè)版本（名片）出現(xiàn)在世紀(jì)之交……”；由此推斷選項(xiàng)D最符合句子意思。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusin