2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號19

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

從20世紀(jì)40年代中期起，人類已經(jīng)制造出上千種農(nóng)藥，普遍用于農(nóng)場、花園和森林，以消滅昆蟲和雜草。本來它們的最初目的是殺死幾種雜草和幾種昆蟲，但是卻造成了現(xiàn)在這樣嚴(yán)重的后果：鳥兒不再唱歌，魚兒不再跳躍，樹葉蒙上了一層毒藥，土壤中長期存留大量有毒物質(zhì)。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

2.單選題

Awell-fundednationalorganizationwouldbeableto___moreinfluenceinParliament.

問題1選項

A.evaluate

B.perform

C.recommend

D.exert

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.evaluate評價；估價B.perform執(zhí)行；完成；演奏

C.recommend推薦，介紹D.exert運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是組織對國會有影響。選D.exert施以影響，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】一個資金充足的全國性組織將能夠在議會中發(fā)揮更大的影響力。

3.單選題

Archaeologistshavediscoveredthe（

）ofamarblecolumnoftheancienttemple.

問題1選項

A.remnant

B.fragments

C.scrap

D.shred

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。remnant“剩余，殘余，遺跡”；fragment“碎片，片段或不完整的部分”；scrap“碎片，殘余物，殘羹剩飯，廢金屬，”；shred“碎片，細(xì)條”。句意：考古學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座古廟大理石柱的殘跡。故A項符合題意。

4.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey___toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.proceed開始；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行B.appeal呼吁；懇求

C.resort訴諸；采取D.incline傾向于

【考察點】詞組辨析

【解題思路】句意為只有動物在被困住的時候，它們才會采取暴力措施來逃走。C選項resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項proceedto繼續(xù)下去；

B選項appealto呼吁；上訴；要求；對……有吸引力；

D選項inclineto傾向于。Inclineto更多指具有什么傾向。但是該題目應(yīng)該選采取暴力措施。因為題意為動物們已經(jīng)被困住了；

以上選項均不符合句意。

【句意】一般來說，只有當(dāng)動物被困住時，它們才會采取暴力措施以逃脫。

5.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtomake（

）fortheelderlypeopleinahousingprogram.

問題1選項

A.provision

B.admittance

C.assistance

D.condition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。provision“準(zhǔn)備，規(guī)定，條款”；admittance“進(jìn)入，入場權(quán)，通道”；assistance“幫助，援助”；condition“條件，情況，環(huán)境”。makeprovisionfor“為將來需要、困難做準(zhǔn)備”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣媱澰谧》宽椖可辖o老年人提供幫助。A項符合題意。

6.單選題

Hewasregardedasagreat（

）tothecommittee.

問題1選項

A.asset

B.profit

C.prosperity

D.interest

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。asset“財產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)，有價值的人或物”；profit“利潤”；prosperity“繁榮，成功”；interest“興趣，愛好”。句意：他被視為委員會的重要人物。句中主語是he，故A項符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.

問題1選項

A.Ashelikeshermuch

B.Muchalthoughhelikesher

C.Thoughmuchhelikesher

D.Muchashelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句不倒裝；而as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句需要倒裝。故D項正確。句意：盡管他喜歡她，可有時候他確實會對她發(fā)火。故D項正確。

8.單選題

Oncampuses,cheerfulundergraduatesarepressingleafletsintofresher’shands.AtHeathrowairport,wheremanyforeignstudentsenterBritain,thewelcomehasbeenlesswarm.Officialsherdedrecentarrivalsintoaseparatequeuethatattimestooksixhourstogetthrough—andthosewereluckyones.Manypotentialstudentsarelanguishingathome,andwillmissoutonuniversityplacesthisautumnunlesstheyreceivevisasinthenextfewdays.

UniversitieshadseentroubleloomingsinceMarch,whenanewstudent-visasystemwasintroduced.Byinsistingthatpotentialstudentsprovetheiracademiccredentialsandshowthattheyhaveenoughmoneytosupportthemselves,theHomeOfficeintendedtodeterthosewhowereactuallycomingtoBritaintowork.Ithashopedthereformswouldkeepoutpotentialterrorists.Buttheadviceitissuedtoapplicantswaspoor(ithassincebeenrevised)andstaffatmanyvisa-processingcentreswerenotproperlytrained.

Theresulthasbeenabacklogatmanycenters—inLosAngles,forexample,studentswaitedupto40daysforavisa.ButtheproblemhasbeenparticularlyacuteintheIndiansubcontinent.InPakistan,5,000aspiringstudentshaveyettohavetheirapplicationsprocessedand9,000moreareappealingagainstoutrightrefusals.

Thelogjamaffectsmostlywealthy,well-educatedfolkinstrategicallyimportantcountries.Theeliteuniversities,someofwhichhavelonghadacosmopolitanclientele,areconcerned.“WeareextremelyworriedaboutthedamagethatthiscoulddotothereputationofBritishhighereducationoverseas,particularlyintheIndiansubcontinent.Itcomesatatimewhenuniversities’financesareunderenormouspressure,”saysSimeonUnderwood,headofadmissionspolicyattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

InternationalstudentsarevitaltoBritishuniversities.AlthoughBritishandEuropeanstudentspaytuitionfeesofupto€3,225ayear,thecostofeducatingthemisfarhigher.Thestatepartiallyplugsthegapand,forthatreason,italsocapsthenumberofthesestudents.Feesfromoverseasstudents,whopayaround€12,000ayear,contributemorethan€1.5billionannually,8%ofuniversitiestotalincome.

Toattractthesecrucialcustomers,universitiesoffertomeetthematairports,runeventstosettletheminandarrangeforpolicetovisitcampusestoexpeditevisacontrols.ButifstudentscannotmakeitintoBritain,suchcannymarketingisinvain.Thisyear,eventhoughaweakpoundmakesBritishuniversitiesacheapoption,somehaveseenthenumberofnewstudentsfromoutsidetheEuropeanUnionfallbyafifthbecauseofdifficultiesingettingvisas.

OnavisittoIslamabadonOctober5thAlanJohnson,thehomesecretary,promisedtocutthetimeittakestoprocessavisafrom60daysto15byhiringmorestaff,andtohelpPakistanestablishanationalanti-terrorismagency,whichwouldrelievethepressureonthevisasystem.Buthisinterventionwillnothelpthisyear’sblockedstudents.Andifproblemspersist,moreforeignstudentsmayplumpforuniversitiesinAmericaorAustraliainfuture.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothenewstudent-visasystem,aninternationalstudentshouldproveallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,thestudent-visasystemmayleadto（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewstudent-visasystemseemstobe（

）.

問題1選項

A.Heathrowairportdoesnotliketheinternationalstudentsasmuchastheuniversityundergraduates

B.theunavailabilityofvisamayforcemanystudentstolosetheiradmissionintoUKuniversities

C.studentsfeelluckytowaitforonlysixhoursintheairporttogetintoBritain

D.manystudentwillarriveattheuniversitiesmuchlaterthanexpectedbecausetheycannotreceivethevisa

問題2選項

A.heshouldhaveadequatefinancialresources

B.heshouldmeetthebottomrequirementssetbytheuniversities

C.heshouldprovidebirthcertificateshowingheisnotfromaterroristcountry

D.heshouldconvincethevisaofficialthathispurposeofcomingtoUKistostudy

問題3選項

A.anegativeinfluenceonUK’sstrategicrelationswithsomeimportantcountries

B.moregovernmentalsubsidiestoBritishuniversities

C.anincreasingpressureonBritain’sgovernmentalfinance

D.thedamageofthereputationofBritishhighereducation

問題4選項

A.thenewstudent-visasystemmayunderminethecompetitivenessofBritishhighereducation

B.thenewstudent-visasystemwillsoonachieveamuchbetterefficiencybyhiringmorestaff

C.thenewstudent-visasystemaimstosendstudentstoothercountriessuchasAustraliaandAmerica

D.thenewstudent-visasystemwillhelpPakistanestablishanationalanti-terrorismagency

問題5選項

A.biased

B.indifferent

C.concerned

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Manypotentialstudentsarelanguishingathome,andwillmissoutonuniversityplacesthisautumnunlesstheyreceivevisasinthenextfewdays.許多未來的留學(xué)生在家里苦苦掙扎，除非他們在接下來的幾天內(nèi)拿到簽證，否則他們將錯過今年秋天的大學(xué)入學(xué)機(jī)會。”可知B項“無法獲得簽證可能會迫使許多學(xué)生失去進(jìn)入英國大學(xué)的資格”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Byinsistingthatpotentialstudentsprovetheiracademiccredentialsandshowthattheyhaveenoughmoneytosupportthemselves,theHomeOfficeintendedtodeterthosewhowereactuallycomingtoBritaintowork.英國內(nèi)政部(HomeOffice)堅持要求未來的留學(xué)生提供學(xué)歷證明，并證明他們有足夠的錢養(yǎng)活自己，意在阻止那些真正來英國工作的人。”可知A項“他應(yīng)該有足夠的經(jīng)濟(jì)來源”，B項“他應(yīng)該滿足學(xué)校的設(shè)定的最低要求”，D項“他應(yīng)該向簽證官證明他來英國的目的是學(xué)習(xí)”都屬于英國內(nèi)政部的要求。C項“他應(yīng)該提供出生證，證明他不是來自恐怖主義國家”與第二段“Ithashopedthereformswouldkeepourpotentialterrorists.它希望改革能將潛在的恐怖分子拒之門外。”不符，故答案C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第四段“WeareextremelyworriedaboutthedamagethatthiscoulddotothereputationofBritishhighereducationoverseas,我們非常擔(dān)心這會對英國高等教育在海外的聲譽(yù)造成損害”可知D項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Buthisinterventionwillnothelpthisyear’sblockedstudents.Andifproblemspersist,moreforeignstudentsmayplumpforuniversitiesinAmericaorAustraliainfuture.但他的干預(yù)對今年被拒的學(xué)生沒有幫助。如果問題繼續(xù)存在，未來可能會有更多的外國學(xué)生選擇美國或澳大利亞的大學(xué)。”可推知A項“新的簽證制度將會損害英國高等教育的競爭力”。正確。B、D兩項是最后一段所提到的不用推測的事實。C項與原文不符。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。文中提到了英國新的留學(xué)生簽證制度對英國高等教育的影響，盡管政府采取了一些措施，但這些措施已經(jīng)造成了一定影響，并且如果此問題繼續(xù)存在，將損害英國高等教育的競爭力。故作者對新的簽證制度是比較擔(dān)心的。故C項正確。

9.單選題

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

問題2選項

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

問題3選項

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

問題4選項

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

問題5選項

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在報紙和雜志上的報道表明，教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在學(xué)術(shù)推廣中扮演的角色過于突出，而對教學(xué)的重視嚴(yán)重不足。這些說法有一定的真實性，但它們也忽略了更深層次更重要的關(guān)系?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為教學(xué)與研究的更深層次的關(guān)系被忽略了。故A項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎勵杰出的教學(xué)，但通常對研究成果給予最大認(rèn)可。部分原因是很難對教學(xué)進(jìn)行評判。”可知大學(xué)重視研究的部分原因是很難客觀評判教學(xué)。故D項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.盡管科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)‘培養(yǎng)’出來的，但科學(xué)家也可能因為大學(xué)和研究生階段糟糕的教學(xué)而‘流失’?！笨芍狟項“為了培養(yǎng)新的科學(xué)家，改善小學(xué)的教學(xué)是最重要的”錯誤。A項“研究型大學(xué)的杰出教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究”only表達(dá)過于絕對，故A項錯誤。D項“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展使教學(xué)與研究不能結(jié)合起來?！卞e誤。故C項“教學(xué)與科研分離會降低未來科學(xué)家的素質(zhì)”符合文章內(nèi)容。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的頭銜應(yīng)該只授予那些從事教授工作的人，也許大學(xué)是時候把它保留給那些愿意成為學(xué)者群體中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教書的教授可以被稱為‘杰出的研究人員’或別的什么。”可知教授的頭銜應(yīng)該留給愿意教學(xué)的人。故B項正確。

5.詞義題。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些說我們可以把教學(xué)和科研分開的人根本不了解這個制度，但那些說這個問題會消失的人沒有盡到自己的責(zé)任。”可知“這個問題”指教學(xué)和科研分開，故B項正確。

10.單選題

Hehadthegoodfortuneto（

）withProf.Wangfor3years.

問題1選項

A.study

B.bestudying

C.havestudied

D.havebeenstudying

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。由時間狀語“for3years”可知該句應(yīng)該用完成時，故排除AB兩項，學(xué)習(xí)與主語之間是主動的關(guān)系，故C項正確。句意：他有幸與王教授一起學(xué)習(xí)了3年。

11.單選題

Ifyoukeeponoverworkingyourself,yourhealthwill（

）.

問題1選項

A.degenerate

B.deteriorate

C.degrade

D.deform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。degenerate“使退化，惡化，墮落”；deteriorate“惡化”；degrade“貶低，使丟臉”；deform“使變形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你繼續(xù)過度工作，你的健康狀況會變壞。B項符合題意。

12.單選題

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.

問題1選項

A.transplants

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.transplants移植B.transfers轉(zhuǎn)移

C.transcends勝過，超越D.transforms轉(zhuǎn)換

【考查點】形近詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處的that指代的是speed，也就是說比較飛機(jī)與船的速度。C選項transcends“勝過，超越”符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】大家都知道飛機(jī)的速度快于輪船的速度。

13.單選題

Theartist（

）aninterestingpicturebyputtingthevariously-coloredshapestogether.

問題1選項

A.composed

B.designed

C.produced

D.invented

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。compose“組合，創(chuàng)作”；design“設(shè)計”；produce“生產(chǎn)”；invent“發(fā)明”。句意：藝術(shù)家通過把各種顏色的形狀組合在一起，創(chuàng)作出一幅有趣的畫。由putting…可知這幅畫是將不同的東西組合在一起而創(chuàng)作出來，只有A項符合題意。

14.單選題

TheWallensteinstudyindicatesthatevenafteradecadeyoungmenandwomenstillexperiencesomeoftheeffectsofadivorce（

）.

問題1選項

A.thatoccurredwhenachild

B.thatoccurredwhentheywerechildren

C.thathasoccurredaseachwasachild

D.occurringwhenchildren

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法。分析句子成分可知空格處所填成分為定語，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。句意：瓦倫斯坦的研究表明，即使過了十年，年輕男女仍然會受到父母離婚的影響，這些離婚是在他們還是孩子時發(fā)生的。B項符合題意。

15.單選題

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

問題1選項

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.bursts爆發(fā)B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】空格處接of組成固定短語?？崭裉幍膭釉~與光輝事跡相連接，與前文同事們不喜歡他相照應(yīng)。C選項boastof“自夸”在這里表示他總是自己夸耀自己，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的大多數(shù)同事都不喜歡他，因為他經(jīng)常吹噓自己過去的輝煌。

16.單選題

Althoughthesestatesandtheirpeopleare___,theysharethecommongoalofeconomicdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.controversial

B.involved

C.diverse

D.visible

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.controversial有爭議的；有爭論的B.involved有關(guān)的；卷入的；復(fù)雜的

C.diverse不同的；多樣化的D.visible明顯的；看得見的；現(xiàn)有的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)“共同目標(biāo)（commongoal）”可知：這些地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)相同?？崭裉幍膹木溆胊lthough連接，表示盡管。這句話的意思為盡管這些地區(qū)和人……所以空格處應(yīng)該填一個與后面“相同”的反義詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折。綜上所述，C選項diverse“不同的；多樣化的”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“不同的”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】盡管這些國家及其人民各不相同，但他們都有共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)。

17.單選題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:“Areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?”TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants’impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestressthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation’sfearsandinsecurities.There’ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren’tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat’sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration’simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers—meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers’savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.

Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants’accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.“Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon.“Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone.”Toobadmostpeopledon’trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebatedoverimmigration?

問題1選項

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit’sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

問題2選項

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

問題3選項

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

問題4選項

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudge.

問題5選項

A.Eveneconomistscan’treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey’rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.絕大多數(shù)美國民眾認(rèn)為移民是有害的。然而，大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的共識是，無論是合法的還是非法的移民，都對經(jīng)濟(jì)有小小的促進(jìn)作用?！笨芍娕c經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家就移民是好還是壞有不同的看法。故D項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes，andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.移民提供了廉價的勞動力，降低了從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品到新住房等一切商品的價格，讓消費者口袋里多了一些錢?！笨芍泼窠o普通美國人帶來的好處是：降低了物價，使他們手中能有多一些錢。故B項正確。

3.推理判斷題.由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nativelow-skilledworkers”定位到第三段倒數(shù)一、二句“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%from1980to2000.本地的低技能工人在與外國勞工的競爭中受害最深。根據(jù)哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家GeorgeBorjas的一項研究，從1980年到2000年，移民使美國高中輟學(xué)生的工資下降了9%?！笨芍狢項“他們很難找到一份薪水體面的工作”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.換句話說，他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來的財政負(fù)擔(dān)?！笨芍狣項“它會給國家預(yù)算帶來很大壓力”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected—say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents—theimpactisn’tallthatdramatic.具有諷刺意味的是，盡管所有的爭論都過于激烈，移民的凈影響卻微乎其微。即使對那些受影響最嚴(yán)重的人——比如，低技能工人或加州居民——影響也不那么顯著。”可知C項“人們對影響不大的事情大驚小怪”正確，即人們對于移民的影響過于大驚小怪。

18.單選題

（

）tomorrow,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

問題1選項

A.Wouldheleave

B.Washeleaving

C.Ifheleaves

D.Werehetoleave

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由tomorrow可知，從句表示的是對將來事實的虛擬，從句謂語動詞的形式有三種，即weretodo,shoulddo,動詞的過去式（be動詞用were）。并且可將if去掉，將謂語動詞放于主語前。故D項正確。句意：如果他明天出發(fā)，他周五將到達(dá)那里。

19.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

問題2選項

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

問題3選項

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

問題4選項

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

問題5選項

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美國的價格系統(tǒng)是非常復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買賣的價格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，如勞動力、專職交通、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價格?！笨芍疚闹饕獌?nèi)容為美國的復(fù)雜價格體系。故B項正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.任何一種特定產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價格都與這個廣泛而復(fù)雜的價格系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在一起，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其他成分的制約?！笨芍獌r格與產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有關(guān)。故D項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewil