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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.
RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.
Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.
Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.
Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.
1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis(
).
2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows(
).
3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat(
).
4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations(
).
5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wrong
B.oversimplified
C.misleading
D.unclear
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict
B.therealvalueofconflict
C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict
D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization
B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations
C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways
D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thereisnoendofconflict
B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged
C.decisionsmustbejustifiable
D.successliesingeneralagreement
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy
B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions
C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions
D.finditeasiertoreachagreement
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而,CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明,確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡(jiǎn)單的概括要復(fù)雜得多。”可知作者認(rèn)為公眾對(duì)于沖突的理解過于簡(jiǎn)單。故B項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而,CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明,確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡(jiǎn)單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?!笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是,Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?!苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)待沖突的不同看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中,決策效能最常以財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語來評(píng)估。高管們認(rèn)為,共識(shí)而不是沖突可以增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。”可知盈利機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為共識(shí)能增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見(共識(shí))”正確。
5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營(yíng)利性組織中,決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的??紤]到滿足許多不同成員的復(fù)雜性和模糊性,高管們認(rèn)為沖突導(dǎo)致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?!笨芍诜怯詸C(jī)構(gòu)里人們可以表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn),故B項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
Notlongago,amysteriousChristmascarddroppedthroughourmailslot.TheenvelopewasaddressedtoamannamedRaoul,who,Iwasrelativelycertaindidnotlivewithus.Theenvelopewasn’tsealed,soIopenedit.Theinsideofthecardwasbland.Ed,myhusband,explainedthatthecardwasbothfromandtothenewspaperdeliveryman.HisnamewasapparentlyRaoul,andRaoulwantedaholidaytip.Weweremeanttoputacheckinsidethecardandthendroptheenvelopeinthemail.Whenyourservicesarerenderedat4a.m,youcan’tsimplyhangaround,likeahotelbellboyexpectingatip.Youhavetobedirect.
SoIwroteaniceholidaygreetingtothismanwho,inmyimagination,firesTheNewYorkTimesfromhisbikeaimedatourfrontdoor,causingmorenoisewithmerenewsprintthanmostpeoplemanagewithsophisticatedblackmarketfireworks.
Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite:IhadnottippedRaoulinChristmasespast.Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto.Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic.SoIgotoutmycheckbook.Somewherealongtheline,holidaytippingwentfromanoptionaltank-youforayearofservicestoaMafia-styleprotectionracket(收取保護(hù)費(fèi)的黑社會(huì)組織).
Severaldayslater,IwasbringingourgarbagebinsbackfromthecurbwhenInoticedanenvelopetapedtooneofthelids.TheoutsideoftheenvelopesaidMICKEY.Ithadtobeanothertiprequest,thistimefromourgarbagecollector.UnlikeRaoul,Mickeyhadn’tenclosedhisownChristmascardfromme.InawayIappreciatedthedirectness.“Iknowyoudon’tcarehowmerrymyChristmasis,andthat’sfine,thegesturesaid.Iwant$30,orI’llforgettoemptyyourgarbagebinsomehotsummerday.”
Iputacheckintheenvelopeandtapeditbacktothebin.Thenextmorning,Ednoticedthattheenvelopewasgone,thoughthetrashhadn’tyetbeenpickedup.“SomeonestoleMickey’stip!”Edwasquitecertain.Hemademecallthebankandcancelthecheck.
ButEdhadbeenwrong.Twoweekslater,Mickeyleftaletterfromthebankoursteps.TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled.ThefollowingTuesdaymorning,whenEdsawatruckoutside,heranoutwithhiswallet.“AreyouMickey?”
Themanlookedathimwithscorn.“Mickeyisthegarbageman.Iamtherecycling.”NotonlyhadEdinsultedthismanbyhintingthathewasagarbageman,buthehadobviouslyneglectedtotiphim.Edranbackinsideformorefunds.Thenhenoticedthatthedriverofthetruckhadbeenwatchingthewholetransaction.Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”
HadweconsultedthewebsiteoftheEmilyPostInstitute,thisembarrassingbreachofetiquette(禮節(jié))couldhavebeenavoided.Under"44trash/recyclingcollectors”intheinstitute’sHolidayTippingGuidelines,itsays,“$10to$30each.”Youmayormaynotwishtoknowthatyourpetgroomer,hairdresser,mailmanandUPSguyallexpectaholidaytip.
1.Thenewspaperdeliverymanputablankcardinsidetheenvelopebecause(
).
2.Fromthepassage,welearnthattheauthor(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorfelt(
)togiveRaoulaholidaytip.
4.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMickey,thegarbagecollector?
5.Ed’sencounterwiththerecyclingteamshowsthat(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.heforgottowriteafewwordsonit
B.hewantedthecoupletosenditback
C.heusedittoaskforaChristmastip
D.hewasafraidofaskingforatipinperson
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.didn’tlikeRaoul’swayofdeliveringthepaper
B.didn’trealizewhyRaouldeliveredthepaperthatway
C.didn’tknowthatRaoulcameveryearlyin
D.didn’tfeelitnecessarytomeetRaoulwhenhecame
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.excited
B.delighted
C.embarrassed
D.forced
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Hewrotealettertothecoupleafterwards.
B.Hefailedtocollectthemoneyfromthebank.
C.HewantedthecoupletosendhimaChristmascard.
D.Hecollectedboththecheckandthegarbagethatday.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Edwasdesperatetocorrecthismistake
B.EdonlywantedtogivemoneytoRaoul
C.Edwasunwillingtotipthetruckdriver
D.Ednolongerwantedtogivethemmoney
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我在過去的圣誕節(jié)沒有給Raoul小費(fèi),這是他第一次使用這樣的策略(Thiswasthefirsttimehe’dusedthecardtactic),由此可知Raoul是想用這種方法要消費(fèi),因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到我意識(shí)到凌晨4點(diǎn)起床時(shí)發(fā)出的噪音也許不是普通的無禮,而是精心制造的惡意(Withastart,Irealizedthatperhapsthereasonforthe4a.m.wake-upnoisewasnotordinaryrudenessbutcarefullyexecutedspite),由此可推測(cè)出作者起初不知道Raoul扔報(bào)紙發(fā)出那么大聲音的原因,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到作者真的沒有意識(shí)到應(yīng)該要這么做(即給小費(fèi))(Ihonestlyhadn’trealizedIwassupposedto)。由此可知給小費(fèi)并不是作者的本意,而是被迫的,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。excited“興奮的”;delighted“高興的”;embarrassed“尷尬的”;forced“被迫的”。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到那封信通知米奇,他嘗試取的支票被取消了(TheletterinformedMickeythatthecheck,whichhehadtriedtocash,hadbeencancelled),由此可知他沒能從銀行取錢,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到他取出另外的20元,環(huán)顧四周,搖著錢說“還有人要嗎”(Hepeeledoffanothertwentyandlookedaround,wavingbillsintheair.“Anyoneelse?”),由此可知他極度想要改正自己的錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.單選題
It’stime(
)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.somethingwasdone
B.anythingwillbedone
C.everythingisdone
D.nothingtobedone
【答案】A
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。it'stime后面的從句用一般過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略)。句意:是時(shí)候采取一些措施來解決城市交通問題了。故A項(xiàng)正確。
4.翻譯題
HanDynasty,foundedin202BC,wasoneofthelongestdynastiesinChinesehistory.Itwasdividedintotwoperiods:theWesternHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Consideredagoldenage,HanDynastycreatedagloriouscivilizationinvariousaspects,includingeconomy,culture,artaswellasscienceandtechnology,etc.HanDynastylaidafoundationfortheethniccultureoftheHanNationality,andConfucianismrespectedbytheWesternHanDynastybecamethemainstreamideologyofChina.
【答案】漢朝建于公元前202年,是中國(guó)歷史上存在時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的朝代之一,分為西漢與東漢兩個(gè)階段。漢朝被稱為黃金時(shí)代,在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、藝術(shù)和科技等各個(gè)方面均創(chuàng)造了輝煌的文明。漢朝奠定了漢民族的民族文化,西漢所尊崇的儒家思想成為中國(guó)的主流思想。
5.單選題
Afterthedispute,theatmosphereinthemeetingroomwasgettingmoreandmore___.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.critical
B.frustrated
C.tense
D.light
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.critical至關(guān)重要的B.frustrated懊惱的;沮喪的
C.tense緊張的D.light輕的;明亮的;輕松的
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)dispute“辯論、爭(zhēng)吵”和會(huì)議室的氣氛的邏輯可知:空白處的形容詞應(yīng)該滿足爭(zhēng)吵后會(huì)議室緊張氣氛的邏輯。C選項(xiàng)tense“緊張的”滿足此句所需的邏輯。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。并且D選項(xiàng)light的比較級(jí)是lighter不用moreandmore。
【句意】爭(zhēng)論過后,會(huì)議室的氣氛變得越來越緊張。
6.單選題
Heisstrugglingtomoveonafter___emotionalandhealthproblems.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.abundleof
B.apartof
C.aseriesof
D.abunchof
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.abundleof一束B.apartof一部分
C.aseriesof一系列的;一連串的D.abunchof一群
【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。
【解題思路】這里的短語用來形容“情感和健康問題”,C選項(xiàng)aseriesof“一系列的”表示一系列的,符合句子邏輯。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。
【句意】在經(jīng)歷了一系列情感和健康問題后,他正在努力向前看。
7.單選題
Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.
Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.
Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.
Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“l(fā)ost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.
Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.
1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?
2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause(
).
3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?
4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo(
).
5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.
B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.
C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.
D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching
B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors
C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough
D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.
B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.
C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.
D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.scientificresearch
B.teaching
C.fieldwork
D.investigation
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.raisingthestatusofteaching
B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch
C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch
D.improvingthestatusofresearch
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在報(bào)紙和雜志上的報(bào)道表明,教學(xué)和研究是相互矛盾的,研究在學(xué)術(shù)推廣中扮演的角色過于突出,而對(duì)教學(xué)的重視嚴(yán)重不足。這些說法有一定的真實(shí)性,但它們也忽略了更深層次更重要的關(guān)系?!笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為教學(xué)與研究的更深層次的關(guān)系被忽略了。故A項(xiàng)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多數(shù)研究型大學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)杰出的教學(xué),但通常對(duì)研究成果給予最大認(rèn)可。部分原因是很難對(duì)教學(xué)進(jìn)行評(píng)判?!笨芍髮W(xué)重視研究的部分原因是很難客觀評(píng)判教學(xué)。故D項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.盡管科學(xué)家通常是在小學(xué)‘培養(yǎng)’出來的,但科學(xué)家也可能因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)和研究生階段糟糕的教學(xué)而‘流失’?!笨芍狟項(xiàng)“為了培養(yǎng)新的科學(xué)家,改善小學(xué)的教學(xué)是最重要的”錯(cuò)誤。A項(xiàng)“研究型大學(xué)的杰出教授應(yīng)該只專注于研究”only表達(dá)過于絕對(duì),故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展使教學(xué)與研究不能結(jié)合起來?!卞e(cuò)誤。故C項(xiàng)“教學(xué)與科研分離會(huì)降低未來科學(xué)家的素質(zhì)”符合文章內(nèi)容。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的頭銜應(yīng)該只授予那些從事教授工作的人,也許大學(xué)是時(shí)候把它保留給那些愿意成為學(xué)者群體中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教書的教授可以被稱為‘杰出的研究人員’或別的什么?!笨芍淌诘念^銜應(yīng)該留給愿意教學(xué)的人。故B項(xiàng)正確。
5.詞義題。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些說我們可以把教學(xué)和科研分開的人根本不了解這個(gè)制度,但那些說這個(gè)問題會(huì)消失的人沒有盡到自己的責(zé)任?!笨芍斑@個(gè)問題”指教學(xué)和科研分開,故B項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Wecanallowa0.5%discountonallordersof$1000;orders___$2000aresubjecttoa2%
discount.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exceeding
B.reducing
C.proceeding
D.promoting
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.exceeding超過(數(shù)量)B.reducing減少
C.proceeding開始;繼續(xù)做D.promoting促進(jìn);提升
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)句意:對(duì)所有1000美元的訂單,我們可以給0.5%的折扣。分號(hào)后面的折扣更大,應(yīng)該指如果是更多美元的訂單,我們給出的折扣更多。應(yīng)該選A.exceeding超過,表示更多。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。
【句意】所有1000美元的訂單,我們可以給0.5%的折扣。超過2000美元的訂單須加2%的折扣。
9.單選題
Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,(
)off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.when
B.since
C.whereas
D.because
【答案】A
【解析】考查連接詞。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”;since“自從,既然”;whereas“然而,反而”;because“因?yàn)椤?。句意:在流行軟件通常要求公司改變程序以適應(yīng)軟件的時(shí)候,大多數(shù)公司更喜歡定制軟件,因?yàn)樗梢员徽{(diào)整以適應(yīng)公司的業(yè)務(wù)方式。前后句沒有構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系,故A項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Manypeoplewhoformerlybackedhimnowhave___abouthisabilitytodothejob.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.presentations
B.issues
C.reservations
D.likelihoods
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.presentations演講B.issues問題
C.reservations保留意見;疑惑D.likelihoods可能性
【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。
【解題思路】當(dāng)back做動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示支持的意思??崭袂皐ho引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句修飾manypeople,表示許多以前支持他的人??崭窈蟊硎緦?duì)他做這項(xiàng)工作的能力。此處用了formerly“以前地”,根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系,應(yīng)該與現(xiàn)在做對(duì)比。根據(jù)兩者間邏輯關(guān)系,應(yīng)該是許多以前支持他的人現(xiàn)在對(duì)他做這項(xiàng)工作的能力產(chǎn)生了懷疑。C選項(xiàng)reservations保留意見;疑惑,表示對(duì)他的工作能力有所保留,可引申為此句所需的邏輯“產(chǎn)生懷疑”以滿足上述條件。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)presentations“演講”,不符合邏輯;
B選項(xiàng)issues“問題”,指議題,通常比較正式,與政治方面有些關(guān)系,很官方;
D選項(xiàng)likelihoods“可能性”,不符合邏輯。
【句意】許多以前支持他的人現(xiàn)在對(duì)他的工作能力持保留態(tài)度。
11.單選題
Heknowsmuchaboutstylistics,(
)aboutliterature.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.stillless
B.rathermore
C.letalone
D.ofcourse
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。stillless“更何況”;rathermore“更加”;letalone“更不用說”;ofcourse“當(dāng)然”。句意:他對(duì)文體學(xué)很了解,更不用說文學(xué)了。stillless常用于否定句,不合題意。故C項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Thematerial(
)theapparatusismadeisagoodnonconductorofheat.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.withwhich
B.ofwhich
C.fromwhich
D.withwhat
【答案】B
【解析】考查語法。bemadeofsth“由……組成”。故B項(xiàng)正確。句意:制造這種儀器的材料是一種很好的熱絕緣體。故B項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Onweekendsmygrandmausually(
)aglassofwine.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.involvesin
B.indulgesin
C.contributesto
D.excelsin
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。involvein“參與,涉及,卷入”;indulgein“沉溺于,沉湎于,沉浸于,喜歡”;contributeto“捐獻(xiàn),促成”;excelin“在……方面勝過”。句意:在周末,我的奶奶通常喜歡喝一杯葡萄酒。B項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.單選題
Mr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.pullback
B.pullup
C.pullthrough
D.pullout
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullback“拉回,撤回。拉為平手”;pullup“拔起,停下來”;pullthrough“渡過難關(guān),恢復(fù)健康”;pullout“離開,撤離”。句意:布郎先生的情況看起來不太好,他是否能渡過難關(guān)還不得而知。故C項(xiàng)正確。
15.單選題
AbrahamLincolninsistedthat(
)notjustonmereopinionbutonmoralpurpose.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobasedemocracy
B.democracybebased
C.fordemocracytobebasedon
D.wheneverdemocracyisbased
【答案】B
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞為表示命令、建議、要求等詞匯時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。故B項(xiàng)正確。句意:奧巴馬林肯堅(jiān)稱民主不能僅僅建立在意念上,而應(yīng)該建立在道德目的上。
16.單選題
AccordingtorecentU.S.StatisticsYearbook,Americansspends16billionayearoncreditcardsandtherearealready590millionin(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.preparation
B.communication
C.administration
D.circulation
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。preparation“預(yù)備,準(zhǔn)備”;communication“交流,溝通”;administration“管理”;circulation“流通,傳播,發(fā)行量”。句意:根據(jù)最近的美國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒,美國(guó)人每年花在信用卡上的錢達(dá)到160億美元,目前已有5.9億張信用卡在流通中。incirculation“在流通中”為固定搭配。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。
17.單選題
Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.retains
B.gains
C.achieves
D.acquires
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.retains保持B.gains獲得
C.achieves達(dá)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)D.acquires獲得;取得
【考察點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。
【解題思路】B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“獲得,實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。ofreactingtosituations(對(duì)情況的反應(yīng))做habitualways(習(xí)慣方式)的后置定語。句意為獲得對(duì)各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。acquire指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。這里與habitualways(習(xí)慣方式)相符合。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)retain在這里不符合句子邏輯;
B選項(xiàng)gain指獲得,贏得,經(jīng)過努力或奮斗獲得某種利益;
C選項(xiàng)得到,獲得,多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。
以上選項(xiàng)均不能和habitualways搭配。
【句意】正是通過學(xué)習(xí),個(gè)人獲得了對(duì)各種情況做出反應(yīng)的許多習(xí)慣方式。
18.單選題
Archaeologistshavediscoveredthe(
)ofamarblecolumnoftheancienttemple.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.remnant
B.fragments
C.scrap
D.shred
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。remnant“剩余,殘余,遺跡”;fragment“碎片,片段或不完整的部分”;scrap“碎片,殘余物,殘羹剩飯,廢金屬,”;shred“碎片,細(xì)條”。句意:考古學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座古廟大理石柱的殘跡。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。
19.單選題
At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease”,namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforrearsinasterileplastictent),shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”
It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhouse.”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecarnageisthegene.”
AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenterCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensivedottingdragsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.
Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytohumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.ThissummerresearchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“genedoping”.Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea/’saysCrystal,“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork”.
1.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto(
).
2.Anderson’searlysuccesshas(
).
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
4.Theword“tarnish”(line5,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans(
).
5.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy
B.giveanexampleofmodemtreatment,forfataldiseases
C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam
D.explainhowgene-basetreatmentworks
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine
B.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapy
C.promisedacuretoeverydisease
D.madehimanationalhero
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.
B.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.
C.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.
D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetter.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.affect
B.warm
C.troubled
D.stain
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.optimistic
B.pessimistic
C.troubled
D.uncertain
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段開頭提到來自克利夫蘭郊區(qū)的18歲的AshanthiDeSilva是20世紀(jì)偉大智力成就之一的活生生的例子(At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury),接著提到她1992年接受了最后一次基因療法,并且徹底痊愈,由此可知選項(xiàng)A“展示基因療法的前景”符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句話提到研究人員一直夢(mèng)想用正?;蛱鎿Q突變基因來治療從血友病到癌癥等各種疾病。這個(gè)夢(mèng)想可能還會(huì)持續(xù)幾十年(Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore),由此可知這個(gè)方法并不能在短期內(nèi)有成效,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到治療基因通常通過不會(huì)引起人類疾病的病毒傳遞(Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease),由此可知選項(xiàng)C“治療基因由無害病毒攜帶”符合題意。
4.詞義題。文章最后一段提到一些專家擔(dān)心這個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)進(jìn)一步被……如果下一個(gè)受益的人不是病人而是尋求優(yōu)勢(shì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員(Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge),根據(jù)上下文可知基因療法這個(gè)領(lǐng)域本意是為了治療各種疾病而出現(xiàn),而如果用來幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員而不是病人,這個(gè)方法就失去了原本的價(jià)值,因此可以推測(cè)出動(dòng)詞tarnish的意思是“使失去光澤;玷污”,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段開頭提到來自克利夫蘭郊區(qū)的18歲的AshanthiDeSilva是20世紀(jì)偉大智力成就之一的活生生的例子(At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury);文章最后一段提到每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為基因療法是一個(gè)好主意(Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea),由此可知作者是抱著樂觀的態(tài)度,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
20.單選題
Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.merged
B.collaborated
C.coincided
D.constituted
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.merged(由指商業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu))合并;(使)融合,逐漸消失B.collaborated合作
C.coincided一致,符合;同時(shí)發(fā)生D.constituted組成
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】空格后有with表示和……一起,表伴隨。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系,應(yīng)該是二人合作
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