2020屆高考英語二輪題海特訓營(4)閱讀理解細節(jié)理解四

閱讀理解-細節(jié)理解四1、 Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust（ 反壟斷）regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsaresbeingraisedbythegiants（ 巨頭）thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime,Thegiants'successhasbenefited consumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata）.Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies'controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God'seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired —andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger（兼并）,forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms'dataassets（資產(chǎn)）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bormthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especially whenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-Iineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakeformit.Govemmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers'consent.RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovemmentsdon'twantsadataoconomybyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?TheyhavecontrolledthedatamarketTheycollectenormousprivatedataTheynoIongerprovidefreeservicesTheydismissedsomenew-borngiantsWhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?Datagiants'technologyisveryexpensiveGoogle'sideaispopularamongdatafirmsDatacanstrengthengiants 'controllingposit ionDatacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproductsBypayingattentiontofirms 'dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould .killanewthreatavoidthesizetrapfavourbiggerfirmschargehigherpricesWhatisthepurpose oflooseningthegiants 'controlofdata?Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.2、ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulN i?os,onbalance,thantheylose.A studyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997helpedAmerican 'seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,t heyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure （基礎(chǔ)設施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（ 下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridges meanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwounding

people.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat .moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductiongovernmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidvictimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationrecoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstWhatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.應用軟件),theresimilarfeatures(應用軟件),theresimilarfeatures(特3、 WhileWeChatisChina'sbiggestmobilemessagingapp(aremanyequivalent(相當?shù)?appsinothercountriesthatoffer征).WhatsApp(US)Users:morethan300millionPlatforms:Android,10S,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryFeatures:Textchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharingWithmorethan300millionactiveusers,WhatsAppisoneofWeChat'sbiggestcompetitors.Developedbytwoex-Yahoo!employeesin2009,WhatsApporiginallyfocusedontextchat,butonAug6italsostartedpush-to-talkservice.It'snotedforitsaccessibility,easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.Theserviceisfreeforthefirstyear,afterwhich$0.99(6.06yuan)ischargedforone-yearsubscription.KakaoTalk(SouthKorea)Users:morethan100millionPlatforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandBada(anoperateingsystemdevelopedbySamsung)Features:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,groupcalls,filesharingWithmorethan100millionusersinmorethan230countries,KakaoTalkisamulti-platform( 多平臺)textingapplicationthatallowsuserstosendandreceivemessagesforfree.WithKakaoTalk,userscanmessageeachotherone-ononeoringroupchatswithunlimitednumbersoffriends.Youcanalsochoosefrommorethan250animatedemoticons( 表情符號)andsharethemwithfriends.Line(Japan)Users:morethan200millionPlatforms:Android,iOS,WindowsPhone,BlackBerryandPCFeatures:Textchat,groupchat,push-to-talk,filesharing,locationsharing,gaming,stickers.Linetopsthelistofthemostdownloadedfreeappsin52countries.Apartfromtextandvoicemessaging, Lineprovidesitsuserswithmorethan250originalstickersandemoticonstobuyfromitsownshop.Inthefirstquarterof2013alone.itmade$,7millionjustfromstickers.ThepopularappalsoallowsfriendstobattleeachotherintheLINEGame.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto .introducethemostpopularmobilemessagingappsinChinatalkaboutnewfeaturesinthelatestmobilemessagingappsdrawreaders'attentiontovariouspopularmobilemessagingapps

explainhowmobilemessagingappshavebecomesopopularComparedwiththeothertwoapps,whichofthefollowingfeaturesmakesLinestandout?Groupmobilegames.Freestickersandemoticons.Freedownloadoftheapp.Textandgroupchat.3.OneofthepopularfeaturesofWhatsAppisthatusers .cansendandreceivemessagesforfreecanenjoylivevideochatswithingroupsdon'tneedtoworryaboutunwantedadsregularlysetfreestickersandemoticons4、 DuringthepastSpringFestival,manychildrenmayhavereceivedredpacketsfromtheirfamilies.ButXingPu,a40-year-oldeconomist,isaskingthegovernmenttogiveredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizen.Xingsuggestedthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesesincethegovernmentincomehasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess,helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption（ 消費）aroundthecountry.Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor（扶貧）andpro-rural（惠農(nóng)）policies（政策）,includingincreasingspendingonpublichealth-careandcuttingdowntheagriculturaltax.Butthelower-incomegroupstillneedsmorehelp.saidXing.XingsaidhehasborrowedmanyideasfrompracticesincountriesliketheUnitedStatesandSingapore.Earlierthisyear,thegovernmentsofthetwonationsofferedcashhandouts（ 救濟）totheircitizens.Asforin China,“Wecanevenencouragetherichtodonatetheir1,000yuanredpackettothepoor,saidXing.AlthoughXing'ssuggestionhasgainedwidesupportamongordinaryChineseontheInternet,manyothereconomistscriticizeditasunpractical. “Tobet terusetheincreaseofmoney,handingoutmoneyisnotasolutionthatholdsgoodforalltime.Itcouldbebettertoimprovethepublicserviceorcutthepriceofenergyuseindailylife, ”saidQiaoXinsheng,aneconomicprofessor.XingPusuggestedthatthegovernmentgiveout1,000yuantoeachChinesebecausethepoorshouldgethelpfromtherichthegovernmentshouldhelptherichthegrowingeconomicpieshouldbesharedamongthepeoplethegovernmentdoesn'tknowhowtouset hemoneyWhathasthegovernmentdonetohelpthelower-incomegroup?Spendinglessonpublichealthcare.Increasingtheagriculturaltax.HandingoutmoneytoeveryChinese.Carryingoutpro-poorandpro-ruralpolicies.XingPu'sideasofgivingredpacketstoeveryChinesecitizenmainlycamefromchildrenreceivingredpacketsfromtheirfamiliestheUSandSingaporegovernmentsofferingcashhandoutstotheircitizensthegovernment'sincreasingspendingonpublichealthcaretherisingpricesinthecountryAccordingtoQiaoXinsheng,whatisbetterthangivingoutmoney?Supplyingfoodtoeveryoneeveryday.Cuttingthepriceofenergyuseindailylife.Controllingtherisingofprices.Increasingthegovernmentincome.5、 Rockmusicinoneformoranotheristhemostpopulartypeofmusicallovertheworld.Butwherediditcomefrom?RockbeganintheUSAintheearly1950s.Atthattime, “rhythmandblue”musicwasverypopularwithblackAmericans. “R&B”wasamixtureofblackreligiousmusicandjazz.Ithadstrongrhythmsthatyoucoulddancetoandsimple,fastwords.NoticingthesuccessofR&Bmusic,whitemusiciansstartedtocopythesamestyle.Bythemid-1950s,thisnewwhiteR&Bmusic,calledrock'n'roll,hadbecomeverypopular.SingerslikeElvisPresleyandBillHaleyattractedmillionsofteenagefans.Theirmusicwasfastandloud.Manyolderpeoplethoughtthatrock'n'rollwasverydangerous.Bytheearly1960s,evenrock 'n'rollhadbecomeold -fashioned.Manyofthesongshadbeguntosoundthesame.ItwasatthattimethatanewgroupfromEnglandbecamepopular—theBeatles.TheBeatlesfirststartedbysingingAmericanstylesongs,buttheysoondevelopedtheirownstyle,withmorecomplicatedtunes.Theyalsointroduceddifferentinstruments.GroupsliketheBeatleshadaveryimportantinfluenceonthestyleofpopularmusic.Bytheearly1970s,rock 'n'rollhaddevelopedintoanewformofmusic.Electronicshadreplacedtheamplifiedguitarsanddrumsofrock'n'roll.“Rock”hadarrived.Rockmusichadcontinuedtochangeanddevelop.Ithadcombinedwithmusicfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Today,there arehundredsofdifferenttypes ofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrock.Whenhadrock'n'rollbecomeverypopular?Bythemid-1950s.Bytheearly1960s.Bythemid-1960s.Bytheearly1970s.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheBeatles?ItwasnotanAmericangroup.Thisgrouphadtheirownstyle.ThisgroupmadeAmericanstylesongspopular.Thestyleofpopularmusichadbeeninfluencedbythisgroup.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatElvisPresleyandBillHaley .weresingersof“R&B”weresingersinthemid-1950sweremembersoftheBeatleswerepopularwitholdpeople4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?PopularMusicTheHistoryofRockMusicDifferentFormsofMusicinAmericaTheBeatles6、 Iwasreadingtheseinterestingstoriesbehindagroupofgreatlogosintheworld.PersonallyNikeismyfavoriteone —it'ssosimple.AndIlikedthestoriesbehindthem,whichmademeforgetallotherthings.McDonald 's,Apple,MercedesBenzandAdidasowngreatlogosaswell,andtheyareamongmyfavorites.NikeIntheGreekmyth,Nikeisthegoddessofvictoryandthesourceofinspirationforsoldiers.ThislogorepresentsthewinginthefamousstatueoftheGreekgoddess.Nike'slogowasdesignedbyCarolynDavidsonin1971for$35,andwasregisteredasatrademarkin1995.McDonald'sThelogowasdesignedin1962byJimSchindlertoresemblethearchshaped（拱形的）signsonthesideofthecompany 'sthenwalk -uphamburgerstand.Lateron,thetwogoldenarcheswerecombinedtogethertoformtheM.TheMcDonald'snamewasaddedtothelogoin1968.AppleTherearedifferentstoriesbehindApple 'slogo.ThefirstlogowasareferencetothereligiousstoryofAdamandEve,inwhichtheapplerepresented

thefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Oneyearlater,thesecondlogowasdesignedin1977byStevenJobsandRonaldWayne,anditdescribedSirIsaacNewtonsittingunderanappletree.Thislogodidn 'tstaylong.Oneyearlateri twasreplacedalmostimmediatelybygraphicdesignerRobJanoff 's“rainbowapple”,arainbow-coloredsilhouette（輪廓）ofanapplewithabitetakenoutofit.Andthentherainbow-colored applewasreplacedbythe one-coloredlogoin1998.Ithasnotbeenchangedsofar.MercedesBenzTheMercedesBenzlogo,whichwasoriginallycreatedbyGottliebDaimlerin1909,consistsofasimpledescriptionof athree-pointedstarthat representsitsruleoftheland,theseaandtheair.ThecompanywasfoundedbyGottliebDaimlerandWilhelmMaybach.MercedesisthenameofMaybach'selderdaughter,whileBenzcameasaresultofacombinationwithBenz,Cie.andDMGin1926.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestoriesofthegreatlogos?Theyareboring.TheyareattractiveTheyareoutofdate.TheyarepracticalWhatdoesNike'slogostandfor?ThegoddessofvictoryThesourceofinspirationforsoldiersThewingoftheGreekgoddessThestatueoftheGreekgoddessWecanlearnthat Apple'spresentlogois .thereligiousstoryofAdamandEveNewton'ssittingunderanappletreeabittenapplewithonlyonecolortherainbow-coloredbittenappleWhichofthefollowingtimeordersdescribesthebirthsofthegreatlogos?A.NikeMcDonaids-AppleA.NikeMcDonaids-AppleMercedesBenz.MercedesBenz-McDonalds-Nike-Apple.MercedesBenz-Apple-Nike-McDonalds.Nike-MercedesBenz-McDonalds-Apple.答案以及解析答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理判斷題,根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“Suchsituation"可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商業(yè)巨頭的原因是他們控制了數(shù)據(jù)市場 ，故答案為A項。細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知答案是 C項。細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第五段第二、三句可知選 B項。推理判斷題.根據(jù)第六段可知，大數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)則的松動可以讓小公司獲得更多的機會，故選D項。答案及解析：答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句ElNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround. 可知厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象見證了海洋中水流方向的變化。故 D正確。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?o，onbalance，thantheylose.可知富有國家從厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中得到的好處要大于所得到的壞處。接著在第三句中列舉了 1997年的厄爾尼諾給美國經(jīng)濟帶來的好處。故 C項正確。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just 12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards. 根，并告訴我們的政府應該做更多據(jù)ODI的觀點，為應對厄爾尼諾政府應該做更多的投資預防厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的危害而不是在出現(xiàn)問題以后再進行重新補救和恢復。故 ，并告訴我們的政府應該做更多目的意圖題。本文主要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象對地球的影響的投資預防厄爾尼諾的危害而不是在出現(xiàn)問題以后再進行重新補救和恢復。再根據(jù)最后句“SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.”各國政府要把減少損失放在優(yōu)先的位置。也就是要事先做好準備。故D項正確。答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.A;3.C解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可推知,第一段在文章中起導入作用,以引起讀者對各種移動交流應用軟件的關(guān)注 ，故選C項。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對三個不同移動交流應用軟件特色的介紹可知 ,日本的Line有g(shù)aming和stickers這兩個特別的功能，結(jié)合選項可知，故選A項。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatsApp（US）部分的It'snotedforitsaccessibility，easeofuseandtheabsenceofadvertisements.可知，WhatsApp受人歡迎的特點就是沒有廣告。故選C。答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Hesaidhissuggestionwouldalloweveryonetodirectlyenjoythefruitsofthecountry'seconomicsuccess，helpthelower-incomegroupsdealwithrisingpricesandincreaseconsumption（消費）aroundthecountry.可知XingPu建議政府給每個中國人發(fā)1000元是因為經(jīng)濟增長的果實應該大家分享。2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Recentyearshaveseenthegovernmentcarryoutaseriesofpro-poor（扶貧）andpro-rural（惠農(nóng)）policies，includingincreasingspendingonpublichealthcareandcallingofftheagriculturaltax.可知政府通過執(zhí)行扶貧政策來幫助低收入群體。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Xingsaidwhilemakingthedraft，heh