2022年有機(jī)化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯(精)

..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版有機(jī)化學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯(精)acetal

醛縮醇

acetal-

乙酰

acid

酸

-al

醛

alcohol醇

-aldehyde醛

alkali-堿

allyl烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]

alkoxy-烷氧基

-amide酰胺

amino-氨基的

-amidine脒

-amine胺

-ane烷

anhydride酐

anilino-苯胺基

aquo-含水的

-ase酶

-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯

-atriyne三炔

azo-偶氮

benzene苯

bi-在鹽類(lèi)前表示酸式鹽

bis-雙

-borane硼烷

bromo-溴

butyl丁基

-carbinol甲醇

carbonyl羰基

-carboxylicacid羧酸

centi-10-2

chloro-氯代

cis-順式

condensed縮合的、冷凝的

cyclo-環(huán)

deca-十

deci10-1

-dine啶

dodeca-十二..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版

-ene烯

epi-表

epoxy-環(huán)氧

-ester酯

-ether醚

ethoxy-乙氧基

ethyl乙基

fluoro-氟代

form仿

-glycol二醇

hemi-半

hendeca-十一

hepta-七

heptadeca-十七

hexa-六

hexadeca-十六

-hydrin醇

hydro-氫或水

hydroxyl羥基

hypo-低級(jí)的，次

hyper-高級(jí)的，高

-ic酸的，高價(jià)金屬

-ide無(wú)氧酸的鹽，酰替胺，酐

-il偶酰

-imine亞胺

iodine碘

iodo-碘代

iso-異，等，同

-ite亞酸鹽

keto-酮

ketone酮

-lactone內(nèi)酯

mega-106

meta-間，偏

methoxy-甲氧基

methyl甲基

micro-10..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版-6

milli-10-3

mono-(mon-)一，單

nano-10-9

nitro-硝基

nitroso-亞硝基

nona-九

nonadeca-十九

octa-八

octadeca-十八

-oic酸的

-ol醇

-one酮

ortho-鄰，正，原

-ous亞酸的，低價(jià)金屬

oxa-氧雜

-oxide氧化合物

-oxime肟

oxo-酮

oxy-氧化

-oyl酰

para-對(duì)位，仲

penta-五

pentadeca-十五

per-高，過(guò)

petro-石油

phenol苯酚

phenyl苯基

pico-10-12

poly-聚，多

quadri-四

quinque-五

semi-半

septi-七

sesqui一個(gè)半

sulfa-磺胺

sym-對(duì)稱

syn-順式，同，共..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版

ter-三

tetra-四

tetradeca-十四

tetrakis-四個(gè)

thio-硫代

trans-反式，超，跨

thio-硫代

tri-三

trideca-十三

tris-三個(gè)

undeca-十一

uni-單，一

unsym-不對(duì)稱的，偏位

-yl基

-ylene撐(二價(jià)基，價(jià)在不同原子上)

-yne炔organiccompounds有機(jī)化合物compoundsofcarbon碳化合物hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives碳?xì)浠衔锛捌溲苌飋rganicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)structureofmolecule分子結(jié)構(gòu)chemical

bond化學(xué)鍵covalentbond共價(jià)鍵hybridorbital雜化軌道bondlength鍵長(zhǎng)bondangle鍵角bondenergy鍵能polarity極性dissociationenergy離解能constitution構(gòu)造contiguration構(gòu)型conformation構(gòu)象stereochemistry立體化學(xué)tetrahedral正四面體cis-順trans-反isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象isomer異構(gòu)體stereoisomer立體異構(gòu)..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版constitutionalisomer構(gòu)造異構(gòu)structuralformula結(jié)構(gòu)式octet八隅體perspective透視式eclipsedconformation重疊式構(gòu)象staggeredconformation交叉式構(gòu)象newmanprojection紐曼投影式functionalgroup官能團(tuán)chaincompoud鏈狀化合物carbocycliccompound碳環(huán)化合物heterocycliccompound雜環(huán)化合物dipole-dipoleinteractions偶極-偶極相互作用vanderWaalsforces范德華力hydrogenbonding氫鍵dipolemoment偶極矩electronegativity電負(fù)性physicalproperty物理性質(zhì)meltingpoint熔點(diǎn)boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)reactionmechanism反響機(jī)理homolysis均裂freeredical自由基heterolysis異裂ionictype離子型electrophilicreagent親電試劑electrophilicreaction親電反響nucleophilicreagent親核試劑nucleophilicreaction親核反響英文名漢文名Angularmethylgroup角甲基Alkylidenegroup亞烷基Allylgroup烯丙基Allylic烯丙型[的]Phenylgroup苯基Arylgroup芳基Benzylgroup芐基Benzylic芐型[的]Activatinggroup活化基團(tuán)Chromophore生色團(tuán)Auxochrome助色團(tuán)Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向異性基團(tuán)Smallyring小環(huán)..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Commonring普通環(huán)Mediumrimg中環(huán)Largering大環(huán)Bridged-ringsystem橋環(huán)體系Spirocompound螺環(huán)化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面體化合物Conjugation共軛Conjugated-system共軛體系A(chǔ)cylcation酰[基]正離子Benzyliccation芐[基]正離子Arenirmion芳[基]正離子Ketylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基離子Radicalcation自由基正離子Radicalanion自由基負(fù)離子Isomerism異構(gòu)[現(xiàn)象]Aciform酸式Fluxionalstructure循變結(jié)構(gòu)Stereochemistry立體化學(xué)Opticalactivity光學(xué)活性Dextroisomer右旋異構(gòu)體Laevoisomer左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedralconfiguration四面體構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)[現(xiàn)象]Asymmetricatom不對(duì)稱原子Asymmetriccarbon不對(duì)稱碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對(duì)稱碳Phantomatom虛擬原子Homotopic等位[的]Heterotopic異位[的]Enantiotopic對(duì)映異位[的]Diastereotopic非對(duì)映異位[的]Configuration構(gòu)型Absoluteconfiguration絕對(duì)構(gòu)型Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Chiralcenter手性中心Chiralmolecule手性分子Achiral非手性[的]Fischerprojection費(fèi)歇爾投影式Neomanprojection紐曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名體系..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence順序規(guī)那么Symmetryfactor對(duì)稱因素Planeofsymmetry對(duì)稱面Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對(duì)稱Enantiomer對(duì)映[異構(gòu)]體Diastereomer非對(duì)映[異構(gòu)]體Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Anomer端基[差向]異構(gòu)體Erythroconfiguration赤型構(gòu)型Erythroisomer赤型異構(gòu)體Threoconfiguration蘇型構(gòu)型Threoisomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism順?lè)串悩?gòu)EisomerE異構(gòu)體ZisomerZ異構(gòu)體Endoisomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exoisomer外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基團(tuán)Pro-Sproup前S基團(tuán)RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體溶液Mesocompound內(nèi)消旋化合物Quasirecemate準(zhǔn)外消旋體Conformation構(gòu)象Conformational構(gòu)象分析Torsionangle扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anticonformation反式構(gòu)象Bisectingconformation等分構(gòu)象Antiperiplanarconformation反疊構(gòu)象Synperiplanarconformation順疊構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation反錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation順錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Eclipsedconformation重疊構(gòu)象Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formation鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Staggeredconformation對(duì)位交叉構(gòu)象..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Stericeffect空間效應(yīng)Sterichindrance位阻Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Puckeredring折疊環(huán)Conformationalinversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Chairconformation椅型構(gòu)象Boatconformation船型構(gòu)象Twistconformation扭型構(gòu)象Skewboatconformation扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chairconformation半椅型構(gòu)象Pseudorotation假旋轉(zhuǎn)Envelopeconformation信封[型]構(gòu)象Axialbond直[立]鍵Equatorialbond平[伏]鍵Cisoidconformation順向構(gòu)象Transoidconformation反向構(gòu)象Retentionofconfiguration構(gòu)型保持Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專(zhuān)一性Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體Conformationaleffect構(gòu)象效應(yīng)Cram’srube克拉姆規(guī)那么Prelog’rule普雷洛格規(guī)那么Stereochemicalorientation立體[化學(xué)]取向Conformationaltransmission構(gòu)象傳遞Homolog同系物Ipsoposition本位Orthoposition鄰位Metaposition間位Paraposition對(duì)位Amphiposition遠(yuǎn)位Periposition近位Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道法Valencebondmethod價(jià)鍵法Delocalezedbond離域鍵Crossconjugation交叉共軛Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效應(yīng)Resonance共振Resonanceeffect共振效應(yīng)..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Hyperconjugation超共軛Isovalenthyperconjugation等價(jià)超共軛No-bondresonance無(wú)鍵共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克爾規(guī)那么Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環(huán)電流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicreaction周環(huán)反響Electrocyclicrearrangement電環(huán)[化]重排Conrotatory順旋Disroatatory對(duì)旋Cycloaddition環(huán)加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction對(duì)稱禁阻反響Synfacialreaction同面反響Antarafacialreaction異面反響Mobiussystem默比烏斯體系Leoisstructure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價(jià)鍵Bananabond香蕉鍵Paulingelectronegativityscale鮑林電負(fù)性標(biāo)度Polarizability可極化性Inductiveeffect誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)Fieldeffect場(chǎng)效應(yīng)Electricaleffect電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)tautomerism互變異構(gòu)Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯胺互變異構(gòu)Ring-chaintautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)Valencetautomerism價(jià)互變異構(gòu)Ambident兩可[的]Solventeffect溶劑效應(yīng)..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶劑Basicsolvent堿性溶劑Dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸堿催化反響Conjugatebase共軛酸Conjugatebase共軛堿Thermodynamicacidity熱力學(xué)酸度Kineticacidity動(dòng)力學(xué)酸度Electrondonof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcomplex電子給[體]受體絡(luò)合物Host主體Guest客體Primaryisotopeeffect一級(jí)同位素效應(yīng)Secondaryisotopeeffect二級(jí)同位數(shù)效應(yīng)Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效應(yīng)Kineticcontrol動(dòng)力學(xué)控制Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學(xué)控制Substrate底物Intermediate中間體Reactiveintermediate活潑中間體Microscopicreversibility微觀可逆性Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說(shuō)Linearfreeenergy線性自由能Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作用Torsionaleffect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)Pitzerstrain皮策張力Restrictedrotation阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Eclipsingeffect重疊效應(yīng)Eclipsingstrain重疊張力Small-anglestrain小角張力Largeanglestrain大角張力Transannularinteraction跨環(huán)相互作用Transannularstrain跨環(huán)張力Istrain內(nèi)張力Fstrain前張力Bstrain后張力Anomericeffect端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反轉(zhuǎn)..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral純手性[的]Mechanism機(jī)理Unimolecularnucleophilic單分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代〔含烯丙型重排〕Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香親核取代Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution單分子親電取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitution親核體協(xié)助單分子親電取代Unimolecularelimination單分子消除Bimolecularelimination雙分子消除Unimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase單分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase雙分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolecularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂π-allylcomplexmechanismπ烯丙型絡(luò)合機(jī)理Borderlinemechanism邊理機(jī)理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis異裂Heterolyticmichanism異裂機(jī)理..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Counrer[gegen]ion反荷離子Ionpair離子對(duì)Carbocation碳正離子Nonclassicalcarbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion碳負(fù)離子Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳負(fù)離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Nitrene氮賓Carbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition親電加成Electrophile親電體Diaxialaddition雙直鍵加成Markovnikov’srube馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)那么Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏加成Michaeladdition邁克爾加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution親電取代Addition-eliminationmechanism加成消除機(jī)理Electrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion親電芳香取代Electrontransfer電子轉(zhuǎn)移Electron-donatinggroup給電子基團(tuán)Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子基團(tuán)Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團(tuán)Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對(duì)位定位基Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Orthoeffect鄰位效應(yīng)Partialratefactor分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilicreaction親核反響Internalreturn內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity親核體Nucleophilicity親核性α-effectα-效應(yīng)Backsideattack反面進(jìn)攻Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrellaeffect傘效應(yīng)Push-pulleffect推拉效應(yīng)..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Leavinggroup離去基團(tuán)Electrofuge離電體Nucleofuge離核體Phase-transfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboringgroupparticipation鄰基基參與Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistance鄰助作用Neighboringgroupeffect鄰基效應(yīng)Apofacialreaction反面反響B(tài)riddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代Arylaction芳正離子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫規(guī)那么Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmann’srule霍夫曼規(guī)那么Bredtrule布雷特規(guī)那么Initiation引發(fā)Anioniccleavage負(fù)離子裂解Partialbondfixation鍵[的]局部固定化02．3有機(jī)化學(xué)反響Alkylation烷基化C-alkylationC-烷基化O-alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷[基]化Exhaustivemethylation徹底甲基化Secoalkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation脫甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲?；疌arbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination雙氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交換Hydroxylation羥基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵化..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation脫鹵Nitration硝化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝化Nitrosation亞硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺?；疍esulfonation脫磺酸基Sulfenylation亞磺?；疭ulfonylation磺?；疌hlorosulfenation氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazotransfer重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Couplingreaction偶聯(lián)反響Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯(lián)Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶聯(lián)反響1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugateaddition共軛加成Dimerization二聚Trimefization三聚Additivedimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氫化Oxyamination羥氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氫甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氫?；疧xoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脫羰Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Ringclsure環(huán)合Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Dienophile親雙烯體Endoaddition內(nèi)型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德反響RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾斯-阿爾德反響..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Enesynthesis單烯合成Anioniccycloaddition負(fù)離子環(huán)加成Dipolaraddition偶極加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Deamination脫氨基Pyrolyticelimination熱解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation脫羧Decarboxamidation脫酰胺Decyanation脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage?；呀釬lashpyrolysis閃熱裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反響Chelation螯環(huán)化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交換Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation鹵烷基化Transacetalation縮醛交換Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction鹵仿反響Condensation縮合Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羥醛縮合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆羥醛縮合Acyloincondensation偶姻縮合Cyclization環(huán)化Annulation,annelation增環(huán)反響Spiroannulation螺增環(huán)Autoxidation自氧化..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Allylichydroperoxylation烯丙型氫過(guò)氧化Epoxidation環(huán)氧化Oxonolysis臭氧解Electrochemicaloxidation電化學(xué)氧化Oxidativedecarboxylation氧化脫羧Aromatization芳構(gòu)化Catalytichydrogenation催化氫化Heterogeneoushydrogenation多相氫化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氫化Catalyticdehydrogenation催化脫氫Transferhydrogenation轉(zhuǎn)移氫化Hydrogenolysis氫解Dissolvingmetalreduction溶解金屬?gòu)?fù)原Singleelectrontransfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecularreduction雙分子復(fù)原Electrochemicalreduction電化學(xué)復(fù)原Reductivealkylation復(fù)原烷基化Reductiveacylation復(fù)原酰化Reductivedimerization復(fù)原二聚Deoxygenation脫氧Desulfurization脫硫Deselenization脫硒Mitallation金屬化Lithiation鋰化Hydrometallation氫金屬化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羥汞化Aminomercuration氨汞化Abstraction奪取[反響]Internalabstraction內(nèi)奪取[反響]Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移Ringcontraction環(huán)縮小[反響]Ringexpansion,ringenlargement擴(kuò)環(huán)[反響]-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacolrearrangement頻哪醇重排..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Retropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪醇重排Semipinacolrearrangement半頻哪醇重排Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acylrearrangement?；嘏臡igratoryaptitude遷移傾向Transannularinsertion跨環(huán)插入Transannularrearrangement跨環(huán)重排Migration遷移Prototropy質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Cationotropicrearrangement正離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Anionotropy負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移Anionotropicrearrangement負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropicrearrangement-遷移重排Homosigmatropicrearrangement同遷移重排Electrophilicrearrangement親電重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光異構(gòu)化Photochemicalrearrangement光化學(xué)重排2．4有機(jī)化合物類(lèi)名Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔顰lkane烷Wax蠟Paraffinwax石蠟Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Activehydrogencompounds活潑氫化合物Carbonacid碳?xì)渌酳uperacid超酸Diene雙烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Diyne二炔Alkylhalide鹵代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚Epoxide環(huán)氧化物Cellosolve溶纖劑Crownether冠醚Netrocompound硝基化合物Amine胺Quaternaryammoniumcom-pound季銨化合物Amine