釋疑與精練21定語(yǔ)從句與主謂一致-小升初英語(yǔ)沖刺階段語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)釋疑與精練（全國(guó)通用）

小升初英語(yǔ)沖刺階段語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)釋疑與精練21.定語(yǔ)從句與主謂一致【重難點(diǎn)梳理】一、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是一種形容詞的關(guān)系從句。它由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)1、英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)位置不同在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句始終要放在被修飾的詞之后，而漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)則放在被修飾詞之前。如：Themanwho//hatIsawattheschoolgateyesterdayismyEnglishteacher.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句昨天我在校門(mén)口看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是我的英語(yǔ)老師。2、英語(yǔ)從句中的句型結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，有先行詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞1）被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。限制性關(guān)系分句和它的先行項(xiàng)的所指意義有著不可分割的聯(lián)系2）關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：Iamwaitingfortheboywho/thatiswearingaredcoat.（主語(yǔ)）先行詞關(guān)系代詞我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個(gè)男孩。Thedictionaiythat/whichmysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive.（賓語(yǔ)）先行詞關(guān)系代詞我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。ThewomanishismotherwhosenameisLindaBrown.（定語(yǔ)）先行詞關(guān)系代詞那個(gè)是他的母親，名叫琳達(dá)?布朗。Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.（狀語(yǔ)）先行詞關(guān)系副詞那是我父親曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的房子。二、主謂一致主謂一致包括語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近原則。語(yǔ)法一致，即用作主語(yǔ)的名詞中心詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致。意義一致，即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義。就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。(一)語(yǔ)法一致原則主語(yǔ)采用單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。.當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或both,.and.連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TomandMikearegoodfriends.湯姆和麥克是好朋友。.彳、定代t司either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,nobody,noone,nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Everyoneiswaitingforthecomingsportsmeeting.每個(gè)人都等待著即將到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。.由each,each...andeach...,every,every...andevery...,oneof…等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenaflower.每個(gè)男生女生都領(lǐng)了一朵花。.主語(yǔ)后接有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。Mr.WhitewithtwofriendsisleavingforBeijing.懷特先生和兩個(gè)朋友將動(dòng)身去北京。.“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；"thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Anumberofpeoplehaveappliedforthisjob.許多人都申請(qǐng)了這份工作。Thenumberofpeopleinourcompanyis230.我們公司員工人數(shù)為230。.“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)十名詞”等作主語(yǔ)口寸，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式；如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.許多人都去過(guò)那兒。.由“apair(akind,aseries.)+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；“pairs(kinds.)+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Apairofglassesisleftontheground.一副眼鏡遺落在地上。.某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes,trousers,shorts,shoes,gloves.)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mytrouserswerewornout.我的褲子穿破了。.不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Readingisinteresting.讀書(shū)是有趣的。(-)意義一致原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)調(diào)所用的單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念而定。.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果指同一概念(即and后面無(wú)冠詞)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusareportnextweek.這位老師兼作家下周要來(lái)給我們作報(bào)告。.表示金錢(qián)、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞、名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Threemonthsisalongtime.三個(gè)月是個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。.集體名詞(如family,team,crowd,class,group等)如果表示整體概念，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表示集體中的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。.people,police等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thepolicearehelpingagirllookforherfather;警察正幫著女孩找爸爸。.oneandahalf的后面要接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。Oneandahalfcakesareagoodmealforhim.一個(gè)半蛋糕對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是一頓美餐。有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與主語(yǔ)并不一致，而是與靠近它的名詞保持一致，這種原則叫做就近原則。

（三）就近原則ieither...or.neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not…but…或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母想看到我叔叔，我也想。Therebe…和Herebe...兩種句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。Thereisatableandthreechairsintheroom.房間里有一張桌子和三把椅子?！咎醿?yōu)精練】一、單選題1.Thebagonthedeskisnowmissing.A.IhaveputitB.thatIhaveputC.asIputit2.Thatwasallwehaddone.()A.whichA.IhaveputitB.thatIhaveputC.asIputit2.Thatwasallwehaddone.()A.whichB.whoC.that3.ThisisthewatchlastSunday.()D.whichcomesD.whomA.IboughtthatB.thatIboughtitC.whichIboughtD.TboughtwhichHedoesnotgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.()A.thisA.thisA.thisB.whatC.whoseD.whoA.thisB.whatC.whoseD.whoRosalikesmusicisquietandgentle.()A.whenA.whenA.whenB.thatC.whereD.whoA.whenB.thatC.whereD.whoHedoesnotgototheGreatWallisnotatrueman.()A.whatB.whoseC.whoIstheriverthroughthattownverylarge?()A.whichflowsB.flowsC.thatflowingD.whoseflowsIsthisfactoryyouvisitedlastweek?()A.thisB,whereC.theoneD.inwhichAlltheapplesfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.()A.thoseB.whichC.whatD.thatTheredroseistheonlyoneIreallike.()A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whomThereasonhewasabsentfromthemeetingwashiscarbrokedownontheway.()A.that;becauseA.that;becauseA.that;becauseB.why;thatC.that;thatD.for;that12.HelivesinavillageA.that;becauseB.why;thatC.that;thatD.for;that12.Helivesinavillage12.Helivesinavillagetherearealotoftrees.(A.there12.Helivesinavillagetherearealotoftrees.(A.thereA.thereB.whereC.thatD.which13.Thechildrenhappy.()A.amB.isC.areA.thereB.whereC.thatD.which13.Thechildrenhappy.()A.amB.isC.aresotall.()A.areA.areA.areB.isC.amA.areB.isC.am15.HereA.amB.isC.areD.beMissGreenateacher.(A.amB.isC.are—Whereyoufrom?()15.HereA.amB.isC.areD.beMissGreenateacher.(A.amB.isC.are—Whereyoufrom?()一I'mfromtheUK.A.areB.isC.am18.Amywithherdolls.(likeplayingA.areB.isC.am18.Amywithherdolls.(likeplayinglikeplayinglikesplayinglikesplay19.Theselikeplayinglikesplayinglikesplay19.These19.Thesecarrots.()A.amB.isC.are19.Thesecarrots.()A.amB.isC.are20.Thethirdandthefourthpeas20.Thethirdandthefourthpeaslazy.(A.was20.Thethirdandthefourthpeaslazy.(A.wasA.wasB.wereC.is21.aremyfavouriteCarrot;vegetableTea;drinkHamburgers;foodA.wasB.wereC.is21.aremyfavouriteCarrot;vegetableTea;drinkHamburgers;food22.John*sfatherandJohn'smotherarehisA.parentA.parentA.parentB.parentsC.cousin23.PeteroftenChinesefood.()A.cookB.cooksA.parentB.parentsC.cousin23.PeteroftenChinesefood.()A.cookB.cooksC.cooking24.24.arerowingadragonboatonthelake.(A.AmanB.SixmenC.SixmanThewhiteisakite.()A.AmanB.SixmenC.SixmanA.oneB.twoC.threeA.oneB.twoC.threeTherenocomputersorInternetinmytime.()A.areA.areA.areB.wasC.wereA.areB.wasC.wereMeatokay.()A.amB.isC.areThereisunderthetree.()A.aboxandthreedogsB.threedogsandaboxC.dogsandboxesA.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsA.NottheteacherbutthestudentsB.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsD.NotthestudentsbuttheteacherC.NeithertheteachernorthestudentsD.NotthestudentsbuttheteacherKatelookingforherwatch.()A.isA.isA.isB.amC.areD.beA.isB.amC.areD.beThereaparkmyhome.()A.is;nearB.is;neartoC.are;nearD.are;neartoThereabankbesidemyhome.()A.isB.areC.beD.canThree-fourthsofthebuildings.()B.isdestroyedB.isdestroyedB.isdestroyedA.wasdestroyedC.weredestroyedD.hasbeendestroyedB.isdestroyedistoattendourevening.()A.BoththesingerandthedancerB.EitherthesingerordancersC.ThesingerordancersD.ThesingeranddancerJenny,DannyandLiMingshopping.()D.be)D.are;areA.isB.amD.be)D.are;areA.is;isB.is;areC.are;is二、判斷正(T)誤(F),并改正37.1sawasignthatwrote,"Bequiet,please!”()Whoisthewomanwhichtalkedwithyouyesterdaymorning?()WhereisthepenIboughtlastweek?()三、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)按要求改句子(1)Hewasdoinghishomeworkateightlastnight.(改為否定句)(2MybrotheriswatchingTVnow.(用thistimeyesterday改寫(xiě)句子)MyfatherwassearchingtheInternetatthatmoment.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))IwassurfingtheInterne