高三復(fù)習(xí)閱讀題庫(kù)8科普知識(shí)

知識(shí)梳理教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)作業(yè)完成情況

FILTON,justoutsideBristol,iswhereBritain’sfleetofConcordesu 速的）airlinerswasbuiltThere,somethingremarkableisbeingcreated.Littlebylittleamachineis“printing”acomplextitaniumbracket(鈦合金支架),aboutthesizeofashoe,whichnormallywouldhavetobecutfromasolidblockofmetalBracketsareonlythebeginning.TheresearchersatFiltonhaveamuchbiggerambition:toprinttheentirewingofanairliner.Unrealisticasthismayseem,manyotherpeopleareusing3Dprintingtechnologytocreatesimilarlyremarkablethings.Theseincludemedicalimplants,jewellery,footballbootsdesignedforindividualfeet,lampshades,racing-carparts,solid-statebatteriesandcustomizedmobilephones.Someareevenmakingmechanicaldevices(儀器).AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),PeterS itt,aPhDstudent,hasbeenprintingsomethingthatisliketheworkingsofagrandfatherclock.Ittookhimafewattemptstogetright,buteventuallyheremovedtheplasticclockfroma3Dprinter,hungitonthewallandpulleddownthecounterweight.Itstartedticking.Engineersanddesignershavebeenusing3Dprintersformorethanadecade,butmostlytomakeoriginaltypesquicklyandcheaplybeforetheyembarkontheexpensivebusinessoftoolingupafactorytoproducetherealthing.As3Dprintershave moreabletoworkwithabroaderrangeofmaterials,includingproduction-gradeplasticsandmetals,themachinesareincreasinglybeingusedtomakefinalproductstoo.Morethan20%oftheoutputof3Dprintersisnowfinalproductsratherthanoriginaltypes,accordingtoTerryWohlers,whorunsaresearchfirmspecializinginthefield.Hepredictsthatthiswillriseto50%by2020.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheFiltonisinthecentreofPetertriedtoprintaclock,butinaremarkablemetalbracketisbeing3DprintingtechnologyisavailabletoallofTheunderlinedword“embark”probablymeans A. B. C. Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat TerryWohlers’sfirmwillmakegreatthetechnologyof3Dprinterswillbewidely3Dprintershavebeeninuseforatleast100engineersanddesignerspreferprintingoriginalThepassageisdevelopedmainlyintheformof timeanddefinitionandcontrastandexamplesand

Youknoweatingfruitandvegetablesdoesgood.Butdoyouknowitc somakeyoulookgood?Peoplewhoincreasedtheirintakeoverjustsixweeksdevelopedahealthyglowandappearedmoreattractive,researchersfound.ScientistsatStAndrewsUniversityfoundeatingthemslightlyincreasedyellowandredpigmentsinthevolunteers'skin.Theymonitoredthefoodintakeof35peopleandtookpicturesoftheirfaces,armsandhandsusingasensitivecameraatthestart,andafterthreeandsixweeks.Increasingtheirintakeofgreensby2.9portionsadaywasfoundtomakethelookmorehealthyandanextra3.3portionscouldenhancetheirattractiveness,whentheirphotographswereratedbyothers.againstcelldamagefrompollutionandUVrays,andcsopreventage-relateddiseasesincludingheartdiseaseandcancer.Butwhileitwasknowneatingextremeamountsofcertainvegetablessuchascarrotscouldturnskinorange，itwasnotknownasmallincreasewasperceptible(被覺(jué)察）toothers—andwasseenasappealing.Acamerameasuredchangestotheskin'sredness,yellownessandlightness,andfounditsignificantlychangedinpeoplewhonaturallyincreasedtheirintake.Thesechangeswerenotevidentinthreeweeks.Usinglighsors,theresearchersshowedtheseredandyellowhueswerelinkedwiththelevelsofcarotenoidsintheirskin.Therearehundredsofcarotenoidsbutthosethoughttohavethemostdramaticeffectarelycopene(番茄紅素)—whichgivestomatoesandredpepperstheirredcolour—andbeta-carotenefoundincarrotsaswellasbroccoli,squash,andspinach.Skincolourisalsoaffectedbychemicalscalledpolyphenols(多元酚)，foundinapplesblueberriesandcherries,whichcausebloodrushtotheskinsurface.WhatdoweknowfromtheIfyoutakeinalittlemorefruitandvegetables,youwillobviouslylookmoreattractiveinthreeweeks.Theresearcherstookthepicturesofthe35peopleintheresearchatdifferentIncreasingyourintakeofgreensby2.9portionsadaycangreatlyimproveyourPeoplewhoincreasedtheirintakeofgreensby3.3portionsadaywerefoundthemostattractiveaftersixweeks.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionofTheycanprotectagainstcelldamagefrompollutionandUVTheycanpreventheartdiseaseandTheycanpreventage-relatedTheycankeepyouingoodWhichofthestatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheWe'vealreadyknowneatingextremeamountsofcarrotscanturnskinWeknewinthepastthateatingafewmorecarrotscouldmakeuslookTheresearchshowedtheimprovementinskinislinkedwiththelevelsofcarotenoidsinit.Amonghundredsofcarotenoids,lycopeneisthoughttohavethemostWecaninferfromthepassagethat skin'sredness,yellownessandlightnessmakersonlookmorehealthyandcarotenoidshavethesameeffeitiscarotenoidsthatgivetomatoesandredpepperstheirredbothbeta-caroteneandpolyphenolsaffectskincolourbycausingbloodrushtotheskinsurfaceWhichcanbethebesttitleoftheEatingfruitandvegetablesdoesFruitandvegetablesarerichinHow eEatingfruitandvegetablesmakesyoulookEatingfoodshighintrans-fats(fatspresentinartificialformindustrially-producedcakesandfastfood...)andsaturated(飽和的)fatsincreasestheriskofdepression,accordingtoaSpanishstudyconfirmingpreviousstudiesthatlinked“junkfood”withthedisease.Researchersalsoshowedthatsomeproducts,suchasoliveoil,canfightagainsttheriskofmentalillness.Authorsofthewide-reachingstudy,fromtheuniversitiesofNavarraandLasPalmas,followedandyzedthedietandlifestyleofoverl2,000volunteersoversixyears.Whenthestudybegan,noneoftheparticipantshadbeendiagnosedwithdepression;by,657ofthemwerenewsufferers.“Participantswithanincreasedconsumptionoftrans-fatspresenteduptoa48percentincreaseintheriskofdepressionwhentheywerecomparedtoparticipantswhodidnotconsumethesefats,”theheadstudyauthorsaid.“Themoretrans-fatswereconsumed,thegreaterharmfuleffecttheyproducedinthevolunteers.”Theresearchteamfound,atthesametime,thatafterassessingtheeffectpolyunsaturatedfatsmadeupoflargeramountsoffishandvegetableoilsandoliveoil,theseproductsareassociatedwithalowerriskofsufferingdepression.Thereport,publishedintheonlinejournalPLOSONE,notedtheresearchwasperformedonaEuropeanpopulationthatenjoysarelativelylowintakeoftrans-fats—makinguponly0.4percentofthetotalenergytakeninbythevolunteers.“Despitethis,weobservedanincreaseintheriskofsufferingdepressionofnearly50percent,”saidresearcherMiguelMartinez.“OnthisbasiswethinkitofgreatimportancetotakethiseffectintoaccountincountriesliketheUnitedStates,wherethepercentageofenergyderivedfromthesefatsisaround2.5percent.”Thereportpointedoutthatthecurrentnumberofdepressionsufferersintheworldisaroundl50millionpeople,andhasincreasedinrecentyears.Thisriseisattributable,accordingtotheauthors,“togreatchangesinthesourcesoffatsconsumedinWesterndiets,wherewehavereplacedcertaintypesofbeneficialfatsinnuts,vegetableoilsandfishwiththesaturatedandtrans-fatsfoundinmeats,butterandotherproductssuchasmass-producedcakesandfastfood.”What'sthebesttitleoftheJunkFoodand B.DepressionC.TypesofFatsand WhichofthefollowingincreasestheriskofsufferingA. B.Vegetable C.Olive Thestudylsusthat 2.5%Americanssuffermentall2,000volunteersinNavarratookaminorityofparticipantsbecamenewl50millionEuropeansenjoyahealthierTheunderlinedword“derived”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaning A. B. C. MoreandmoreWesternersaresufferingdepression theyhavelesstimefortheyeatmorenuts,vegetableoilsandthesourcesoffatsintheirdietshavelessmeat,butter,andcakesareincludedintheir“SowhatisQuintura?”youmayask.“IlikethesearchengineIcurrentlyuse,MyFavoriteSearchEngine.Whyneedanythingelse?MyFavoriteSearchEngineknowseverythingabouteverysubjectIaminterestedinandIcanaccessalloftheinformationavailableontheWebwithMyFavoriteSearchEngine.”“Oh,yes!”weanswer.“Indeed!Wehavenodoubtthatyouhavechosenthebestsearchengineforyourownsearchpurposes!Wedon’twantyoutopartwithyourfavorite─Yahoo,MSNoogle.”However,whatifyouthinkaboutsearchinginadifferentway.Haveyoueverrakedthroughtheprcardindexofabiglibrary?Youhavetofindthenecessaryletter(ortheircombination),takethecorrectdrawer,andstartsortingthroughthecards.Ringanybells?Aftermuchtimeandeffort,finallyyoufindthelong-awaitedcard!Ofcoursewebsearchenginestakeawaythelaborioustaskofsiftingthroughprindexcards.Andifyouknowthebook’sexactauthorandtitle,eithersearchiseasy─ontheweborinalibraryButwhatifyouknowonlyyourgeneralsearchscope?Neithertheauthor’snamenorthebooktitle.Inalibrary,theonlywayoutistoaskalibrarian.Butontheweb,whatdoyoudo?Youareonyourown.Untilnow,Quinturaistheveryknow-allImagineaconversationbetweenyouandthesearchengineyouusemostoften,MyFavoriteSearchEngine(MFSE).You:IneedsomebooksonMFSE:Noproblem.Wehavealotofgoodliterature.You:Oh...somanyofthem!MFSE:Youaskedforbooksonphysics,here,I’vefoundsomeYou:No,IneedonlyonebranchofMFSE:ButIhaveallthebranches!Thousands