四六級第一次直播筆記和第二次講義kk主講所用作文

后續(xù)后續(xù)完整配套課程獲取，聯(lián)2017年6月大四六級輔導(dǎo)講（日講義主講人：外國語大學(xué)何四四六 總的原則（一）不用聽懂，不用聽題?。ǚ棚w自我，拿出誠意！）（二）預(yù)覽選項，邊聽邊選！（原則!）（三）聽到什么，就選什么！（聽到的和看到長：首尾原則（開頭和結(jié)尾往往會有答案！尤其是第一輪！）（生物鐘升降調(diào)原則（well,em30秒原則(各題答案之間會有30秒左右的間隔=（轉(zhuǎn)折，，因果，否定，比較，，唯一性，觀點詞，強調(diào)，序數(shù)詞，總結(jié)詞出現(xiàn)多個聽到的選項，選最后聽到的或者是聽到次數(shù)以及聽到內(nèi)容最多的選項3.同意替1）轉(zhuǎn)折but，however，nevertheless，while，infact，whereas，unexpectedly，unfortunay，yet，exceptontheotherhand，comparedto，unlike，instead，incontrasttodespite,inspiteof,although,though2）ThemostthegreatestchiefprimarymainleadingBecause，so，therefore，asaresult；since，dueto；because4)ThanIexpected5)唯一only/unique/prefer/perfect觀點Scientist/psychologist 做主Believe/foundestimate/point 做謂Research/studies/,survey/finding④Indicate/show/review/are/explain/prove/ 做謂7)強解釋原則：whichis，that eans，thatisto結(jié)論強調(diào)：aboveall，inshort，inaword，inconclusion，allinall，in重復(fù)強調(diào)：短文中重復(fù)率很高的詞或者概念往往就是該短文的。（閱讀時候一定要2.重心靠尤其是，一定是前兩句就會有答案出現(xiàn)；前兩句就是導(dǎo)語；長和短篇的致,直接選擇聽到什么選什么，聽到的和看到的一致時就可;5.，，結(jié)）1bu，hoee，nehess，henactheeaunepeced，unouna，e，ecep，ontheotherhand，comparedto，unlike，instead，incontrasttodespiteinspiteof,although,though2）ThemostthegreatestchiefprimarymainleadingBecause，so，therefore，asaresult；since，dueto；because4)ThanIexpected5)唯一only/unique/prefer/perfect觀點Scientist/psychologist 做主Believe/foundestimate/point 做謂Research/studies/,survey/finding④Indicate/show/review/are/explain/prove/ 做謂7)強解釋原則：whichis，that eans，thatisto后續(xù)后續(xù)完整配套課程獲取，聯(lián)結(jié)論強調(diào)：aboveall，inshort，inaword，inconclusion，allinall，in重復(fù)強調(diào)：短文中重復(fù)率很高的詞或者概念往往就是該短文的則應(yīng)同義替換正確選項和對應(yīng)的原文答案句存在同義替換現(xiàn)象，六級中尤其常見標(biāo)志得明結(jié)尾也容易設(shè)置考點，詢問事情的最終結(jié)三、觀點原則：需要注意文章中表示觀點的句子，通常出現(xiàn)在例子之前，或機構(gòu)的看法這些句子通常帶有以下特征分析：C、DCD選項還以上面這道4級為例，原文如下W:Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.M:Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessage剛才通過相近相反原則已經(jīng)確定答案在C和D中，聽到childishand可以直接選出ItischildishandItiscooland2個選項均有多個單詞被讀到，那么標(biāo)記被讀到的單詞次數(shù)。哪個選項單詞第四招：概括、抽象保留原當(dāng)選項中出現(xiàn)比較概括、抽象的句子時，這時就要把表述事實的、具體的句子劃掉，而去選擇表概、抽象、比較性的句子！此原則可衍生出一個包含取大的原則，在作題時應(yīng)!典型例題ThevisitingeconomisthasgivenseveralTheguestlecturer’sopinionisdifferentfromDr.Dr.JohnsonandtheguestspeakerwereDr.Johnsoninvitedtheeconomisttovisittheir分析：A、C、DBA、C、B項為正確選項！剩下兩個選項時，通常正態(tài)度的選項容易是正確答案，表虛擬的選項更容易是正確答案6.結(jié)尾之處，常有答案（結(jié)尾會有停頓正確答案，yesor大部分人容易糾結(jié)聽不懂的東西，但是的答案往往存在于最簡單的語句中。聽 和no,要比拼了老命聽懂后面莫名其妙的話有用多了當(dāng)選項中有兩項表達(dá)意思相近時，那么正確答案必在這兩項之中！這時只需稍微聽一聽，即可知答案，如果出現(xiàn)了雙重相關(guān)，便可直接確認(rèn)正確選項，只需聽完加之認(rèn)證一下即典型：2016年6月六級第10Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees'TheywillfeelfreetochoosethemostsuitableTheywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessTheywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeir分析：A、Btheywillfeelemployees，相比其他兩項更具相關(guān)性，正確答案應(yīng)該在A和B選項中。型2016年6級第11題ItposesachallengetoItsavesbothtimeandItischildishandItiscoolandW:Hesaidhe'dnevertextmessage.Hethinksit'sverychildishandunprofessionaltotextmessage.M:Yeah,Icanseewhathemeans.It'sconsideredprettyinformaltotextmessage剛才通過相近相反原則已經(jīng)確定答案在C和D中，聽到childishand可以直接選出ItischildishandItiscooland概括優(yōu)先，具體排除（觀點當(dāng)選項中出現(xiàn)比較概括、抽象的句子時，這時就要把表述事實的、具體的句子劃掉，而去選擇表概、抽象、比較性的句子！此原則可衍生出一個包含取大的原則，在作題時應(yīng)!ThevisitingeconomisthasgivenseveralTheguestlecturer’sopinionisdifferentfromDr.Dr.JohnsonandtheguestspeakerwereDr.Johnsoninvitedtheeconomisttovisittheir分析：A、C、DBA、C、這兩種方法一般無單獨命題的規(guī)律性，只是作為上述四種宏觀方法的輔助方法出現(xiàn)，當(dāng)下兩個選項時，通常正態(tài)度的選項容易是正確答案，表虛擬的選項更容易是正確答案一、Listening：長Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Project B)PublicrelationsC)Marketing D)MarketresearchA)tativeadvertising B)QuestionnaireC)Resear D)InterviewerA)Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople’sspendingTheyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandTheylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteTheystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongA)Thelackofpromotionopportunity.B)CheckingchartsandC)Designingquestionnaires.D)ThepersistentM:（1）SohowlonghaveyoubeenaMarketResearchConsultant?W:Well,Istartedstraightafterfinishinguniversity.M:DidyoustudymarketW:Yeah,anditreallyhelpedmetogetintotheindustry,butIhavetosaythatit’smoreimportanttogetexperienceindifferenttypesofmarketresearchtofindoutexactlywhatyou’reinterestedin.M:SowhatareyouinterestedW:Well,（2）atthemoment,Ispecializeintativeadvertisingresearch,whieansthatIdotwotypesofprojects.（3）Trackersareongoingprojectsthatlookattrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiodoftime.Theonlyproblemwithtrackersisthatittakesupalotofyourtime.Butyoudobuildupagoodrelationshipwiththeclient.Ialsodoacoupleofad-hocjobswhicharemuchshorterprojects.M:Whatexactlydoyoumeanbyad-hocW:It’sbasicallywhencompaniesneedquickanswerstotheirquestionsabouttheirconsumers’habits.Theyjustaskforonequestionnairetobesentoutforexample,sothetimeyouspendonanad-hocprojecttendstobefairlyshort.M:Whichdoyouprefer,trackersorad-W:IlikengbothandinfactIneedtodobothatthesametimetokeepmefromgoingcrazy.Ineedthevariety.M:CanyoujustexplainwhatprocessyougothroughwithanewW:Well,togetherwedecideonthemethodologyandtheobjectivesoftheresearch.Ithendesignaquestionnaire.Oncetheinterviewershavebeenbriefed,Isendtheclientascheduleandthentheygetbacktomewithdeadlines.Oncethefinalchartsandtablesareready,Ihavetocheckthemandanizeapresentation.M:Hmm,onelastquestion,whatdoyoulikeanddislikeaboutyourW:AsIsaid,varietyisimportantand（4）asforwhatIdon’tlike,ithastobethecheckingofchartsandtables.WhatpositiondoesthewomanholdintheWhatdoesthewomanspecializeinattheWhatdoesthewomansayaboutWhatdoesthewomandislikeaboutherQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)HisviewonCanadianHisunderstandingofhigherHissuggestionsforimprovementsinhigherHiscomplaintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanA)ItiswellItisratherItvariesamongIthasundergonegreatA)TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachPublicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateEveryoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohigherPrivateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicA)UniversitysystemsvaryfromcountrytoEfficiencyisessentialtouniversityItishardtosaywhichisbetter,apublicuniversityoraprivateManyprivateuniversitiesintheU.S.areactuallylargeConversationW:o,I’mherewithFrederick.NowFred,youwenttouniversityinCanada?M:Yeah,that’sright.W:OK,and（5）youhaveverystrongviewsaboutuniversitiesinCanada.CouldyoupleaseM:Well,wedon’thaveprivateuniversitiesinCanada.They’reallpublic.（6）Alltheuniversitiesareownedbytheernment,sothereistheMinistryofEducationinchargeofcreatingthecurriculumfortheuniversitiesandsothereisnotmuchroomforflexibility.Sinceit’saernmentoperatedinstitution,thingsdon’tmoveveryfast.Ifyouwantsomethingtobedone,thentheirstaffdonothavesomuchincentivetohelpyoubecausehe’saworkerfortheernment.SoIdon’tthinkit’sveryefficient.However,therearecertainadvantagesofpublicuniversities,suchasthefeesbeingfree.Youdon’thavetopayforyoureducation.Buttheisn’tefficient,anditdoesnotworkthatW:Yeah,Icanseeyourpoint,butintheUnitedStateswehavemanyprivateuniversities,andIthinktheyarelargebureaucraciesalso.Maybepeopledon’tactthatmuchdifferently,becauseit’sthesamethingworkingforaprivateuniversity.Theygetpaidfortheirjob.Idon’tknowifthey’rethatmuoremotivatedtohelppeople.Also,wehaveaproblemintheUnitedStatesthatusuallyonlywealthykidsgotothebestschoolsandit’skindofaproblemM:（7）Iagreewithyou.Ithinkit’saproblembecauseyou’renotgivingequalaccesstoeducationtoeverybody.It’snoteasy,buthavingonlypublicuniversitiesalsomightnotbethebestsolution.PerhapswecanlearnfromJapanwheretheyhaveasystemofprivateandpublicuniversities.Now,inJapan,publicuniversitiesareconsideredtobethebest.W:Right.It’stheexactoppositeintheUnitedStates.M:So,asyousee,it’sveryhardtosaywhichoneisbetter.W:Right,agoodpoint.WhatdoesthewomanwantFredericktotalkWhatdoesthemansayaboutthecurriculuminCanadianOnwhatpointdothespeakersWhatpointdoesthemanmake oftheSection短Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust ernment’sroleinresolvinganeconomicTheworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheIndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedTheimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeople’sA)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees’TheywillfeelfreetochoosethemostsuitableTheywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessTheywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirA)EmployeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomicernmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatejobsfortheEmployeesworkshorterhourstoavoidTeamworkwillbeencouragedinPassage（9）ArecentInternationalLabouranizationreportsaysthedeteriorationofrealwagesaroundtheworldcallsintothetrueextentofaneconomicrecovery,especiallyifernmentrescuepackagesarephasedouttooearly.Thereportwarnsthepictureonwagesislikelytogetworsethisyear,despiteindicationsofaneconomicrebound.PatrickBelser,anInternationalLabouranizationspecialist,saysdecliningwageratesarelinkedtothelevelsofunemployment.“Thequitedramaticunemploymentfigures,whichwenowseeinsomeofthecountries,suggestthattherewillbegreaterpressureonwagesinthefutureasmorepeoplewillbeunemployed,morepeoplewillbelookingforjobsand（10）thepressureonemployerstoraisewagestoattractworkerswilldecline.So,weexpectthatthesecondpartoftheyearwillnotbeverygoodintermsofwagegrowth.”Thereportfindsmorethanaquarterofthecountriesexperiencedflatorfallingmonthlywagesinrealterms.TheyincludetheUnitedStates,Austria,CostaRica,SouthAfricaandGermany.InternationalLabouranizationeconomistssaysomenationshavecomeupwithpoliciestolessentheimpactoflowerwagesduringtheeconomiccrisis.Anexampleoftheseisworksharingwithernmentsubsidies.（11）Underthisscheme,thenumberofindividualworkinghoursisreducedinanefforttoavoidlayoffs.Forthisschemetowork,theernmentmustprovidewagesubsidiestocompensateforlostpayduetotheshorterhours.WhatistheInternationalLabouranizationreportmainlyAccordingtoanInternationalLabouranizationspecialist,howwillemployersfeeliftherearemorepeoplelookingforjobs?Whatdoesthespeakermeanbythework-sharingQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WhethermemorysupplementsWhetherherbalmedicineworksWhetherexerciseenhancesone’sWhetheramagicmemorypromisesA)TheyhelptheelderlymorethantheTheyarebeneficialinonewayorTheygenerallydonothavesideTheyarenotbasedonrealA)TheyareavailableatmostcountryTheyaretakeninrelativelyhighTheyare rownbyTheyareprescribedbytrainedA)Theyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpful ngmentalTakingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryTheireffectlastsonlyashortManyhavebenefitedfrom原文Istherereallyamagicmemorypilloranherbalrecallremedy?（12）Ihavebeenfrequentlyaskedifthesememorysupplementswork.Youknow,oneofthethingsIliketolpeoplewhentheyaskmeaboutthesupplements,isthatalotofthemarepromotedasacureforyourmemory.Butyourmemorydoesn’tneedacure.Whatyourmemoryneedsisagoodwork-out.Soreallythosesupplementsaren’tgoingtogiveyouthatperfectmemoryinthewaythattheypromise.Theotherthingisthatalotofthesesupplementsaren’tnecessarilywhattheyclaimtobe,andyoureallyhavetobewarywhenyoutakeanyofthem.（13）Thescienceisn’ttherebehindmostofthem.They’renotreallywell-regulatedunlesstheyadheretosomeindustrystandard.Youdon’treallyknowthatwhattheysayisinthere,isn’tthere.（14）Whatyoumustunderstandisthatthosesupplements,especiallyinsomeeasterncultures,arepartofamedicalpracticetradition.Peopledon’tjustgoinalocalgrocerystoreandbuythesesupplements.Infact,theyareprescribedandthey’regivenertainlevel,adosagethatisunderstoodbyapractitionerwho’sbeentrained.Andthat’snotreallythewaythey’reusedinthiscountry.Theotherthingpeopledofetisthatthesearemedicines,sotheydohaveanimpact.Alotoftimespeoplearenotreallyawareoftheimpacttheyhave,or（15）thefactthattakingthemincombinationwithothermedicationsmightputyouatincreasedriskforsomethingthatyouwouldn’totherwisebeingcounteringorbeatriskfor.WhatquestionisfrequentlyputtotheWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutmostmemoryWhatdowelearnaboutmemorysupplementsineasternWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutmemorysupplementsatSectionCLecture講座Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16toA)HowcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodeveloHowtheWorldMeteorologicalanizationstudiesnaturalHowpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturalHowthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbeA)BytrainingrescueteamsforBytakingstepstopreparepeopleforBychangingpeople’sviewsofByrelocatingpeopletosaferA)HowpreventiveactioncanreducethelossofHowcourageousCubansareinfaceofHowCubanssufferfromtropicalHowdestructivetropicalstormscan（串聯(lián)選項原文RecordingThenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbeseeneverywhere.Injustthepastfewweeks,theworldhaswitnessedthedestructivepowersofearthquakesinIndonesia,typhoonsinthePhilippines,andthedestructiveseawavesthatstruckSamoaandneighboringislands.AstudybytheCenterforResearchontheEpidemiologyofDisastersfindsthat,between1980and2007,nearly8,400naturaldisasterskilledmorethantwomillionpeople.Thesecatastrophiceventscausedmorethan$1.5trillionineconomiclosses.U.N.weatherexpertGeoffreyLovesaysthatisthebadnews.“Overthelast50years,economiclosseshaveincreasedbyafactorof50.Thatsoundsprettyterrible,butthelossoflifehasdecreasedbyafactorof10simplybecausewearegettingbetteratwarningpeople.Wearemakingadifference.Extremeevents,however,willcontinuetooccur.But,themessageisthattheymaynotbedisasters.”Love,whoisdirectorofWeatherandDisasterRiskReductionattheWorldMeteorologicalanization,saysmostofthedeathsandeconomiclosseswerecausedbyweather,climate,orwater-relatedextremes.Theseincludedroughts,floods,windstorms,strongtropicalwindsandHesaysextremeeventswillcontinue.But,（17）hesaysextremeevents edisastersonlywhenpeoplefailtoprepareforthem.“Manyoftheremediesarewell-known.Fromaplanning,itisprettysimple.Buildbetterbuildings.Don’tbuildwherethehazardswilldestroythem.Fromanearly-warning,makesurethewarningsgorightdowntothecommunitylevel.Buildcommunityactionplans.”TheWorldMeteorologicalanizationpointstoCubaandBangladeshasexamplesofcountriesthathavesuccessfullyreducedthelossoflifecausedbynaturaldisastersbytakingpreventiveItsaystropicalcyclonesformerlyclaimeddozens,ifnothundredsoflives,eachyear,inCuba.（18）thedevelopmentofanearly-warningsystemhasreversedthattrend.In2008,Cubawashitbyfivesuccessivehurricanes,butonlysevenpeoplewerekilled.Bangladeshalsohasachievedsubstantialresults.Majorstormsurgesin1970and1991causedthedeathsofabout440,000people.Throughcarefulpreparation,thedeathtollfromasupertropicalstorminNovember2007waslessthan3,500.WhatisthetalkmainlyHowcanwestopextremeeventsfromturningintoWhatdoestheexampleofCubaservetoNowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions19toA)Paybacktheirloanstothe ProvideloanstothoseinseverefinancialContributemoretothegoalofawiderSpeeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingA)SomebanksmayhavetomergewithManysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtoItwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreManybankswillhavetolayoffsomeA)Itwillworkcloselywith ItwillendeavortowriteoffbadItwilltrytolowertheinterestItwilltrytoprovidemoreA)Itwon’thelptheAmericaneconomytoturnItwon’tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaItwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrink原文AsU.S.banksrecoveredwiththehelpofAmericanernmentandtheAmericanObamaheldmeetingswithtopbankexecutives,lingthemit’stimetoreturnthefavor.（19）“ThewayIseeit—ourbanksnowhaveagreaterobligationtothegoalofawiderecovery,”hesaid.Butthemaybegivingthefinancialsectortoomuchcredit.“Itwasinafreefall,anditwasaveryscaryperiod,”EconomistMartinNeilBailysaid.AfterthefailureofLehmanBrothers,manyoftheworld’slargestbanksfearedtheworstasthecollapseofthehousingbubbleexposedininvestmentsinriskyloans.Althoughhesaystheworstisjustover,Bailysaysthebankingcrisisisnot.Morethan130U.S.banksfailedin2009.（20）Hepredictshighfailureratesforsmaller,regionalbanksin2010ascommercialrealestaoanscomedue.“Sotheremayactuallybeaworseningofcreditavailabilitytosmallandmediumsizedbusinessesinthenextyearorso.”ystssaythebiggestproblemishighunemployment,whichweakensdemandandmakesbanksreluctanttolend.ButU.S.BancorpchiefRichardDavisseesthesituationdifferently.“We’reprobablymoreoptimisticthantheexpertsmightbe.（21）Withthatinmind,we’reputtingeverythingwecan,lendingisthecoaltoourengine,sowewanttomakemoreloans.Wehavetofindawaytoqualifymorepeopleandnotputourselvesatrisk.”Whilesomeeconomistspredictcontinuedrecoveryinthefuture,Bailysaystheonlycertaintyisthatbanksareunlikelytomakethesamemistakestwice.“Youknow,forecasting’s eaveryhazardousbusinesssoIdon’twanttocommitmyselftoomuch.Idon’tthinkweknowexactlywhat’sgoingtohappenbutit’scertainlypossiblethatwecouldgetveryslowgrowthoverthenextyearortwo.”Iftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain,Bailysaysitwouldmakeastrongcaseforasecondstimulus—somethingtheObamaadministrationhopeswillnotbenecessary.What ObamahopethebankswillWhatisMartinNeilBaily’spredictionaboutthefinancialsituationintheWhatdoesU.S.BankcorpchiefRichardDavissayaboutitsfutureWhatdoesMartinNeilBailythinkofasecondstimulustotheaNowlisten andnswerquestions23to25.aA)BeingunabletolearnnewBeingratherslowtomakeLosingtempermoreandmoreLosingtheabilitytogetonwithA)CognitiveCommunityBalancedFreshA)IgnoringthesignsandsymptomsofAdoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardsEndeavoringtogiveupunhealthySeekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimeto原文RecordingAnewstudyhasfailedtofindanyconclusiveevidencethatlifestylechangescanpreventcognitivedeclineinolderadults.Stilltherearegoodreasonstomakepositivechangesinhowweliveandwhatweeatasweage.Cognitivedeclineisthelossofabilitytolearnnewskills,orrecallwords,names,andfacesthatismostcommonasweage.Toreduceoravoidit,researchershaveexaminedtheeffectofsmoking,diet,brain-challenginggames,exerciseandotherstrategies.ResearchersatDukeUniversityscrutinizedmorethan160publishedstudiesandfoundanabsenceofstrongevidencethatanyoftheseapproachescanmakeabigdifference.Co-authorJamesBurkehelpeddesignthestudy.“IntheobservationalstudieswefoundthatsomeoftheBvitaminswerebeneficial.Exercise,diet,cognitivestimulationshowedsomepositiveeffects,althoughtheevidencewasnotsostrongthatwecouldactuallyconsiderthesefirmly（24）Somepreviousstudieshavesuggestedthatchallengingyourbrainwithmentallystimulatingactivitiesmighthelp.AndBurkesaysthatactuallydoesseemtohelp,basedonrandomizedstudies—theresearcher’sgoldstandard.“Cognitivestimulationisoneoftheareaswherewedidfindsomebenefit.Theexacttypeofstimulationthatanindividualusesisnotasimportantasbeinginlectuallyengaged.”Theexpertreviewalsofoundinsufficientevidenceto mendanydrugsordietarysupplementsthatcouldpreventorslowcognitivedecline.However,giventhatthereisatleastsomeevidenceforpositiveeffectsfromsomeoflifestylechanges,plusotherbenefitsapparentlyunrelatedtocognitivedecline,Burkeofferedsome（25）“Ithinkthatbyhavingpeopleadoptahealthylifestyle,bothfromamedicalstandpointaswellasnutritionalandcognitivestimulationstandpoint,thatwecanreducetheincidenceofcognitivedecline,whichwillbeproofthatthesefactorsare,infact,important.”JamesBurkeofDukeUniversityisoneoftheauthorsofastudyreviewingpreviousresearchoncognitivedecline.TheprispublishedonlinebytheAnnalsofInternalMedicine.Accordingtothespeaker,whatmightbeasymptomofcognitivedeclineinolderAccordingtoJamesBurke,whatdoesseemtohelpreducecognitiveWhatdidJames mendtoreducetheincidenceofcognitive線索句：有資格和選項的句子（題干）Note：只有當(dāng)題干的不充分的時替換1.同近2.上下3.正話4.歸納36912TakeageintoQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingAsArtificialInligence(AI) esincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscould eathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.了。)Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanother andtheycameupclosein alspace,youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybroughtupwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟聲),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofItmayconstituteachallengetocomputer paniesallmachineryinvolvinghighItcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirIt eaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoreThisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Whatwouldwethink rsonwhoinvades alspaceaccordingtotheTheyareTheyareTheyareTheyareill-youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought wouldObviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanother theycameupcloseinyour alspace,HowdorobotslearnhumanByinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifeByfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanBypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanByimitatingthebehaviorofproperlybrought-uphumanRobotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanPickup=learnvalueWhatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualKeepadistancefrompossibleStoptoseekadvicefromahumanTriggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematDosufficienttestingbeforetakingOnesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowaveithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟聲),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.WhatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammableDeterminewhatismoralandDesignsomelarge-scaleSetrulesforman-machineDevelopamoresophisticatedThemostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodfor熱點詞匯1.OneBeltandOneRoad(Belt&RoadInitiative),、2.大熊貓GiantPanda、squaredancing中華美ChineseWall共享單車BikeSharingsharedbicyclefoodsafety當(dāng)然還有一種夠不夠吃：food Ali-pay支付寶Apple-命題作文OncollegelifeandtheInternetThepopularityofChineselearningOnself-relianceOngraffitiinsomeChinesetouristsitesOninheritingtraditionalvirtuesThebestthingiswhatfitsoneselfLearningfrommistakes引言作文句型 ”isaproverbfulloflogic,whichhasbeengenerallyAstheoldsayinggoes, ”. lsus Justastheremarkgoes,“Toanoptimist,everychangeisachangeforAsanoldsayinghasit Asthesayinggoes,“Thereisnothingnobleinbeingsuperiortoyourfellowman;truenobilityisbeingsuperiortoyourformerself.”Self-improvementisthekeytoasuccessfulandrewardinglife,foritmeansendlessprogressandpermanentlifepursuit.Self-improvementisanendlessjourney.Tosumup,self-improvementisafantasticwaytoafruitfullife.Accumulatingonadailybasis,evenasmallimprovementwillhaveastonishinglymagicalpoweroverlife.Asanoldsayinggoes,“wellbegunishalfdone.”Inordertorealizeourfantasticdreams,weshouldtakeimmediateaction.作文句型Theinspiringdrawingmirrorsacommonsocialscenethatnowadaysmanyyoungpeopledaydreamaboutbeingsuccessfulwithouttakingimmediateaction.范文一AmbitionandAsaveryimportantimpulseinhuman’slife,ambitionhelpsusmakemoreoutoflife.(Makemoreoutof…從…中獲得)Meanwhile,actionistheonlywaytoputambitionintosomethingrealinourlives.Therefore,I allyholdthatambitionisofequalimportancetoaction.理想和行動同TakeJackMa,thefounderofAlibabaand,thelargest mercialplatformintheworld,forexample.Itisthegloriousambitionandinstantactionthathelpthismanestablishahugelysuccessfulcompanyandbringgreatvaluetobothshareholdersandsociety.SteveJobs,thelatefounderoftheApplecompanyandagreatinnovatorofourage,servesasashiningandfittingexamplehere.Heperfectlyfusesthe