考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南特殊教育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南特殊教育職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sheadmiredthedirectortosuchanextentthatshetookhiswords______asoracles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.divine

B.rebellious

C.faithful

D.unbearable

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的；極好的”；B選項(xiàng)rebellious“叛逆的”；C選項(xiàng)faithful“忠實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)unbearable“無(wú)法忍受的”。句意：她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的話當(dāng)作神諭一樣______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指把主管的話看得像神諭一樣神圣，A選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry-from82to110millionbetween1973and1985-thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyno-blue-collarjobs.

Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionoftheharborforceinmanufacturingthandevolvedcountriesnowemployinfarming-atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.

Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymoreone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.

Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.

ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreitthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman-hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorbysome80percentintwoorthreeyearsfarmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleteprioritization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganew,sharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,incoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（

）.

3.Americanpoliticiansandlaborleaderstendtodislike（

）.

4.Theword"prescription"in’’aprescriptionforunemployment"maybetheequivalentto（

）.

5.Thispassagemayhavebeenexceptedfrom（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotized

B.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustries

C.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforce

B.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetition

C.acceleratemotor-carmanufacturinginHenryFord’sstyle

D.solvetheproblemofunemployment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomy

B.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforce

C.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproduction

D.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somethingrecommendedasmedicaltreatment

B.awaysuggestedtoovercomesomberdifficulty

C.somemeasurestakeninadvance

D.adevicetodire

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestment

B.anarticleonautomation

C.amotor-carmagazine

D.anarticleonglobaleconomy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章提出諸如美國(guó)、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，由于生產(chǎn)的進(jìn)步自動(dòng)化的加強(qiáng)，生產(chǎn)行業(yè)雇傭藍(lán)領(lǐng)工人的數(shù)量大大降低。所以A選項(xiàng)‘一個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化程度‘符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第四段Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesamesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitiveoreventoremain"developed”.如果一個(gè)公司、一個(gè)行業(yè)或一個(gè)國(guó)家在未來(lái)25年里不大幅提高制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量，同時(shí)大幅削減藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力，就不可能保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，甚至不可能保持“發(fā)達(dá)”?？芍瑸榱吮３指?jìng)爭(zhēng)力，在增加產(chǎn)量的同時(shí)，必須減少藍(lán)領(lǐng)的數(shù)量。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.先看選項(xiàng)，B、D選項(xiàng)相反，肯定一對(duì)一錯(cuò)，所以排除A、C。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句和最后一段第一句Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.試圖保住這樣的藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作實(shí)際上是為失業(yè)開(kāi)出的藥方。這不是一個(gè)美國(guó)政客、勞工領(lǐng)袖或公眾能夠輕易理解或接受的結(jié)論。文中清楚表明，保持藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力工作機(jī)會(huì)是破除失業(yè)的良藥，政治和工會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都不希望藍(lán)領(lǐng)勞動(dòng)力失去工作機(jī)會(huì)。確定D選項(xiàng)‘藍(lán)領(lǐng)工作機(jī)會(huì)的減少‘符合題意。

4.prescription本意為‘處方藥’，由上題可知，在文中意思為‘破除失業(yè)的具體措施’，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.根據(jù)全文可知，文章是屬于經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的一部分，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Mosterroneousconclusionsbyscientistsarediscoveredduringtheprocessofpublishingtheirresearch.(41)So-called“junkscience”bypassesthissystemofpeerreview.Presenteddirectlytothepublicbypeoplevariouslydescribedas“experts”or“activists,”oftenwithlittleornosupportingevidence,this“junkscience”underminestheabilityofelectedrepresentatives,jurists,andothers—includingeverydayconsumers—tomakerationaldecisions.

(42)Byregulatorydefinition,thesefoodsmaycontainmonoglyceridesanddiglycerides,butnottriglycerides.Fromthepointofviewofsolidsciencethisdefinitionmakesnopracticalsense,giventhatthebodymetabolizesmono,di-andtriglyceridesinessentiallythesameway.Meanwhileunwaryconsumerstakethe“fat-free”labelasalicensetoeatthesefoodstoexcess,andAmericansaremoreobesenowthaneverbefore.

Amoreamusingexampleis“VitaminO,”awondersupplementadvertisedto“maximizeyournutrients,purifyyourbloodstream,andeliminatetoxinsandpoisons—inotherwords,[tosupply]alltheprocessesnecessarytopreventdiseaseandpromotehealth.”(43)Inotherwords,the60,000consumerspurchasing“VitaminO”—tothetuneof$20amonth—weretakingsaltwater!AlthoughthisproductwaslegallyexemptedfromcertainFDArequirementsbyvirtueofitsstatusasa“natural”dietsupplement,theFTCwasabletofileacomplaintagainstitin1999,basedonfalseclaimsbyitspromotersthatitwasbeingusedbyNASAastronauts.Otherwise“VitaminO”wouldstillbeoneoftheworld’sbest-sellingplacebos.

Thepotentiallastingpowerof“junkscience”isdemonstratedbythestoryofGermanphysicianSamuelHahnemann,whotookquininebackin1776toinvestigateitsuseagainstmalaria.Aftertakingquinineheexperiencedchillsandfever,whicharethesymptomsofmalaria.(44)Inthecourseoftestingthistheorywithotherherbalremedies,Hahnemanndiscoveredthatmany“natural”herbsaretoxicandmadehispatientsworse.Thereducethetoxiceffects,hedilutedtheremediesuntiltheyseemedtobeworking.Onthatbasisheformulateda“l(fā)awofinfinitesimals”statingthathigherdilutionsofherbalcuresincreasetheirmedicinalbenefits.Tobefair,Hahnemannconductedtheseexperimentsmorethan70yearsbeforescientistsunderstoodthatadilutionweakerthanonepartin6.02×1043maynotcontainevenasinglemoleculeofthedissolvedsubstance.(45)

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“l(fā)ikescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”

【答案】41.B

42.A

43.F

44.C

45.D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Anexampleof“junkscience”Iliketousewithmystudentsisthemythof“fat-freefoods”inventedbythefoodindustrywiththehelpoffederalregulators.A.我喜歡用一個(gè)“垃圾科學(xué)”的例子來(lái)告訴我的學(xué)生，那就是食品工業(yè)在聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的幫助下發(fā)明的“無(wú)脂食品”神話。

B.Otherscientistsreviewsubmittedarticles,oftenrepeatinganyrelevanttestsorexperimentsandalwaysevaluatingtheconclusionsthathavebeendrawnfromthem.B.其他科學(xué)家審閱提交的文章，經(jīng)常重復(fù)任何相關(guān)的測(cè)試或?qū)嶒?yàn)，并總是評(píng)估從中得出他們的結(jié)論。

C.Forthisheconcluded,wrongly,that“l(fā)ikescurelikes,”i.e.,thatdiseasesshouldbetreatedwithmedicinesthatproducesimilarsymptomstothediseases.C.因此，他錯(cuò)誤地得出“以毒攻毒”的結(jié)論，也就是說(shuō)，疾病應(yīng)該用產(chǎn)生類似癥狀的藥物來(lái)治療。

D.Thushedidnotrealizethatuponadministeringtohispatients30Xpreparations—dilutionsofonepartherbto1030partswater—theplaceboeffectwasallthatwasreallylefttomeasure.D.因此，他沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，給他的病人服用30倍的制劑，即將一份草藥稀釋到水的1030倍，實(shí)際上剩下的只是安慰劑效應(yīng)。

E.Despitethispreposterousclaim,themarketfortheseremediesisenormous.E.盡管這種說(shuō)法很荒謬，但這些療法的市場(chǎng)是巨大的。

F.Itwasdescribedonitslabelas“stabilizedoxygenmoleculesinasolutionofdistilledwaterandsodiumchloride.”F.它的標(biāo)簽上描述為“蒸餾水和氯化鈉溶液中的穩(wěn)定氧分子”。

41.第一句提到“科學(xué)家的大多數(shù)錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論都是在發(fā)表研究成果的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的”，然后第三句講的是“所謂的垃圾科學(xué)繞過(guò)了這個(gè)同行評(píng)議體系（systemofpeerreview）”，那么可以推斷，第二句講的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該和同行評(píng)議體系（systemofpeerreview）有關(guān)，而第一句是說(shuō)科學(xué)家的erroneousconclusions（錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論）是在研究成果中發(fā)現(xiàn)的，綜合理解可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

42.該段提到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞foods，所以該段是與食物相關(guān)的；然后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容，從第三句“從堅(jiān)實(shí)的科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，這個(gè)定義沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，因?yàn)槿梭w對(duì)單甘油酯、二甘油酯和甘油三酯的代謝方式基本上是相同的”和第四句“與此同時(shí)，粗心的消費(fèi)者把無(wú)脂肪（fat-free）的標(biāo)簽當(dāng)作過(guò)量食用這些食品的許可證”綜合理解，可以得出A項(xiàng)正確。

43.根據(jù)空格后一句“換句話說(shuō)，購(gòu)買(mǎi)維生素O的6萬(wàn)名消費(fèi)者，每月花費(fèi)20美元，是在喝鹽水（takingsaltwater）”，其中關(guān)鍵部分是takingsaltwater（喝鹽水），所以可以推斷，空格處的句子是和salt相關(guān)的，故F項(xiàng)正確。

44.由空格前兩句“哈內(nèi)曼在1776年服用奎寧，研究它對(duì)瘧疾的作用。服用奎寧后，他感到寒戰(zhàn)和發(fā)燒，這是瘧疾的癥狀。”，以及空格后一句“在用其他草藥療法測(cè)試這一理論的過(guò)程中，哈內(nèi)曼發(fā)現(xiàn)許多天然草藥是有毒的，這使他的病人病情惡化”可知，哈內(nèi)曼服用奎寧研究瘧疾，產(chǎn)生了和瘧疾一樣的癥狀，然后用天然草藥測(cè)試自己的理論，使病人中毒；綜合理解可知，哈內(nèi)曼通過(guò)服用奎寧產(chǎn)生瘧疾癥狀得出“以毒攻毒”的理論，故C項(xiàng)正確。

45.根據(jù)空格處的上一句“哈內(nèi)曼進(jìn)行這些實(shí)驗(yàn)70多年后，科學(xué)家們才認(rèn)識(shí)到，稀釋度低于6.02×1043的制劑，可能連一個(gè)溶解物質(zhì)的分子都沒(méi)有”可知，將草藥稀釋并沒(méi)有什么效果，所以空格處還是對(duì)草藥稀釋的描述，故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

I’vehadmycarexaminedthreetimesnowbutnomechanichasbeenableto（）theproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.notify

C.highlight

D.pinpoint

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了動(dòng)詞的辨析。deduce“演繹，推理”；notify“通知”；highlight“強(qiáng)調(diào)，突出”；pinpoint“確定，準(zhǔn)確指出”，根據(jù)mechanic“技術(shù)人員，修理工”與汽車(chē)的problem“問(wèn)題”的關(guān)系，修理人員應(yīng)該是查明或者指出問(wèn)題的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞pinpoint，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

5.單選題

Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainage,itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Compute-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools;computeradvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.

Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,andsomanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.

Butforasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcourse,thebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineer,thatis,ofcourse,anentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake—attheverylongest—acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycase,basiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobserved,ofcourse,thatnoschool,vocationalornot,ishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.

1.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis____.

2.Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren____.

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis____.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe____.

5.Thewordpresumptuousinthethirdparagraphmeans____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.far-reaching

B.dubiouslyoriented

C.self-contradictory

D.radicallyreformatory

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isindicativeofapessimismindisguise

B.cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputers

C.isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputer-educationadvocates

D.originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates

B.worthtryinginvarioussocialsections

C.oflittlepracticalvalue

D.attractivetoeverykindofprofessional

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool

B.highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications

C.masteredthroughalife-longcourse

D.equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwise

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.self-assured

B.confident

C.insolent

D.arrogant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis____.作者認(rèn)為，目前把電腦放在教室的熱潮是____。

A.far-reachingA.影響深遠(yuǎn)的

B.dubiouslyorientedB.目的不明確的

C.self-contradictoryC.自相矛盾的

D.radicallyreformatoryD.根本變革的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)“把電腦放進(jìn)教室的熱潮”的看法。原文第1段介紹了對(duì)于該運(yùn)動(dòng)目的的兩種不同聲音：為了學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景（students’careerprospects）和為了教育的徹底改革（radicaleducationalreform）。根據(jù)第2段最后一句中“寄望于（Bankingon）將電腦引入學(xué)校的教育和職業(yè)原因的混淆（theconfusionbetween）……”和第4段最后一句中“對(duì)目的的混淆（aconfusionoveritspurpose）”可知，作者認(rèn)為這么做的目的不明確。B選項(xiàng)“目的不明確的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“影響深遠(yuǎn)的”、C選項(xiàng)“自相矛盾的”、D選項(xiàng)“根本變革的”不符合原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren____.認(rèn)為教育對(duì)所有的孩子都是不可或缺的觀點(diǎn)____。

A.isindicativeofapessimismindisguiseA.是一種偽裝的悲觀主義的暗示

B.cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputersB.是隨著電腦的出現(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生的

C.isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputer-educationadvocatesC.已深深扎根于計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者的頭腦中

D.originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountriesD.源于工業(yè)化國(guó)家的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞educationisindispensable定位到原文第2段第5句。該句提到“伴隨著所有工業(yè)化國(guó)家（industrializedcountries）的樂(lè)觀主義特點(diǎn)（optimismcharacteristic），我們開(kāi)始接受每個(gè)人都適合接受教育的觀點(diǎn)?！庇纱丝芍?，認(rèn)為教育對(duì)所有的孩子都是不可或缺的觀點(diǎn)是伴隨著工業(yè)化國(guó)家的樂(lè)觀特點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生的。D選項(xiàng)“源于工業(yè)化國(guó)家的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是一種偽裝的悲觀主義的暗示”，“悲觀主義”可以定位到原文第2段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“計(jì)算機(jī)教育的倡導(dǎo)者們放棄了這種樂(lè)觀的觀念，取而代之的是一種與他們?cè)緲?lè)觀的前景背道而馳的悲觀主義（apessimism）”，由此可知，原文“悲觀主義”是說(shuō)計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者的態(tài)度，而不是說(shuō)工業(yè)化國(guó)家，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“是隨著電腦的出現(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生的”，原文并未提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“已深深扎根于計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者的頭腦中”，可定位到原文第2段最后一句，該句提到“計(jì)算機(jī)的擁護(hù)者經(jīng)常強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)前景（jobprospects），而不是（over）他們的教育成就（educationalachievement）。”由此可知，計(jì)算機(jī)教育倡導(dǎo)者看重的不是教育本身，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis____.從文章中可以推斷出，在作者的國(guó)家，歐洲的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)模式是____。

A.dependentuponthestartingageofcandidatesA.取決于申請(qǐng)人的起始年齡

B.worthtryinginvarioussocialsectionsB.在不同的社交領(lǐng)域都值得一試

C.oflittlepracticalvalueC.實(shí)用價(jià)值不大

D.attractivetoeverykindofprofessionalD.對(duì)各種專業(yè)人士很有吸引力

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltraining定位到原文第3段，本段介紹的是作者對(duì)歐洲職業(yè)教育培訓(xùn)的看法。最后一句提到“在我們這么一個(gè)大國(guó)里，經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州、涉及到這么多的國(guó)際公司，因而不太可能（isunlikelyto）培養(yǎng)出所需數(shù)量的各類專業(yè)人員（everykindofprofessional）”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為，歐洲的模式在作者所在的國(guó)家不能滿足需要，C選項(xiàng)“實(shí)用價(jià)值不大”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“取決于申請(qǐng)人的起始年齡”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“在不同的社交領(lǐng)域都值得一試”，原文只有在講“各類專業(yè)人員（everykindofprofessional）”的時(shí)候涉及了“不同領(lǐng)域”，但原文并不是在說(shuō)都值得一試，而是說(shuō)這種模式不能滿足培養(yǎng)國(guó)家不同領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人才的需要，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)各種專業(yè)人士很有吸引力”，原文是說(shuō)這種模式不能滿足培養(yǎng)國(guó)家不同領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人才的需要，而不是說(shuō)對(duì)專業(yè)人士很有吸引力，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,basiccomputerskillsshouldbe____.根據(jù)作者的說(shuō)法，基本的計(jì)算機(jī)技能應(yīng)該____。

A.includedasanauxiliarycourseinschoolA.納入學(xué)校的輔助課程

B.highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualificationsB.在專業(yè)資格的取得時(shí)突出強(qiáng)調(diào)

C.masteredthroughalife-longcourseC.通過(guò)終身學(xué)習(xí)掌握

D.equallyemphasizedbyanyschool,vocationalorotherwiseD.無(wú)論是職業(yè)學(xué)校還是其他學(xué)校，都同樣強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞basiccomputerskills定位到原文最后一段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“無(wú)論如何，基本的計(jì)算機(jī)技能（basiccomputerskills）只是對(duì)成為任何一種專業(yè)人士所必需的真正技能的補(bǔ)充（onlycomplementaryto）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)技能只是專業(yè)技能的一種補(bǔ)充。本文的話題是“把計(jì)算機(jī)納入教學(xué)體系”，對(duì)此作者的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)“納入學(xué)校的輔助課程”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在專業(yè)資格的取得時(shí)突出強(qiáng)調(diào)”，不符合原文，作者認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)技能只是專業(yè)技能的一種補(bǔ)充，該選項(xiàng)與作者的觀點(diǎn)相左，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)終身學(xué)習(xí)掌握”，可定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第3句，該句提到“基本的計(jì)算機(jī)技能需要——最長(zhǎng)（attheverylongest）——幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間（acoupleofmonths）來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為掌握基本的計(jì)算機(jī)技能最多需要幾個(gè)月，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)論是職業(yè)學(xué)校還是其他學(xué)校，都同樣強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)”，可定位到原文最后一句，該句提到“混淆把計(jì)算機(jī)教育納入課程體系的目的，對(duì)學(xué)校——無(wú)論是職業(yè)學(xué)校還是非職業(yè)學(xué)?！紱](méi)有好處?！庇纱丝芍?，原文提到“職業(yè)學(xué)校還是其他學(xué)校”是在說(shuō)要明確目的，而不是要強(qiáng)調(diào)基本的職業(yè)技能教育。另外，“強(qiáng)調(diào)”與作者認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)技能只是一種輔助相矛盾。該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theword“presumptuous”inthethirdparagraphmeans____.第三段中的“presumptuous”的意思是____。

A.self-assuredA.自信的

B.confidentB.自信的

C.insolentC.自負(fù)的

D.arrogantD.傲慢的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thethirdparagraph和presumptuous定位到原文第3段第3句，該句提到“然而，如果認(rèn)為科學(xué)家、商人和會(huì)計(jì)只會(huì)有那么多的工作崗位，那就____了?！庇纱丝芍?，該詞是用來(lái)形容“認(rèn)為科學(xué)家、商人和會(huì)計(jì)只會(huì)有那么多的工作崗位”這一觀點(diǎn)的。后一句話提到“另外，在我們這么一個(gè)大國(guó)里，……要培養(yǎng)出足夠數(shù)量的各類專業(yè)所需的人員是不大可能的?！庇纱丝芍?，實(shí)際上，各行各業(yè)可提供的工作崗位非常多，職業(yè)教育培養(yǎng)的人才數(shù)量甚至不可能滿足需求。因此，在這樣的背景下，得出工作崗位只有那么多的觀點(diǎn)并沒(méi)有考慮實(shí)際，是一種自以為是的觀點(diǎn)，用來(lái)形容這種觀點(diǎn)的詞presumptuous，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)貶義詞，C選項(xiàng)“自負(fù)的”符合原文語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“自信的”，褒義詞，感情色彩不符；

B選項(xiàng)“自信的”，褒義詞，感情色彩不符；

D選項(xiàng)“傲慢的”，側(cè)重于指認(rèn)為自身比別人更重要，不考慮他人，不符合原文語(yǔ)境。

6.填空題

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget（1）forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore，inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise（2）thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople，forinstancecannotcount（3）anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto（4）theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop（5）somenecessaryitems，suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup，inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes（6），too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith（7）prices，thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame（8）ofmoney，buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom（9）therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100，andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes（10）possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods，forexample，withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的前一句解釋了什么是通貨膨脹：消費(fèi)需求增加，物價(jià)上漲，從而貨幣貶值。用同樣的錢(qián)買(mǎi)到的東西比以前要少，所以空格處填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介詞in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望，依靠”，退休人員指望不上收入能夠隨著物價(jià)上漲而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“滿足某人的需要”，老年人在通貨膨脹的時(shí)代無(wú)法讓自己的收入來(lái)滿足自己的需求。

5.考查動(dòng)詞用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥那耙痪渚湟馐牵涸S多退休人員為了跟上上漲的物價(jià)，必須要縮減自己的開(kāi)支。由此可知他們放棄了很多需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)的東西，buying符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通貨膨脹，導(dǎo)致了生活開(kāi)支水平下降。

7.考查前后邏輯。全文一直提到物價(jià)上漲，空格處需要填寫(xiě)的也是一個(gè)表示物價(jià)增長(zhǎng)的詞，rising符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等數(shù)量的”。

9.考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾priceindexes（價(jià)格指數(shù)），which符合題意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成為可能”。

7.單選題

Afterthedemonstrationtheprotestors（

）quietly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dismissed

B.diffused

C.dispatched

D.dispersed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。dismiss“解散；解雇”；diffuse“擴(kuò)散；傳播”；dispatch“派遣；分派”；disperse“分散；傳播”。句意：游行結(jié)束后抗議者悄悄解散了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Manycriticsofthecurrentwelfaresystemarguethatexistingwelfareregulationsleadtofamilyinstability.Theybelievethatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoorhusband-and-wifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)assistancegrants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.Thus,theyconcludethatexpandingthesetoffamiliesthatcaneligiblygetsuchgrantswouldresultinamarkedstrengtheningofthelow-incomefamilystructure.

Ifallpoorfamiliescouldwelfare,wouldtheincidenceofinstabilitychangemarkedly?Theanswertothisquestiondependsonrelativeimportanceofthreetypesofpotentialwelfarerecipients.Thefirstisthe"Cheater"-thehusbandwhoisreportedtohaveabandonedhisfamily,butinfactdisappearsonlywhenthesocialworkerisintheneighborhood.Thesecondconsistsofalovinghusbandanddevotedfatherwho,sensinghisowninadequacyasafamilysupporter,leavessothathiswifeandchildrenmayenjoytherelativebenefitprovidedbypublicassistance.Thereisverylittleevidencethatthesetwotypesaresignificant

Thethirdtypeistheunhappilymarriedcouple,whoremaintogetheroutofasenseofeconomicresponsibilityfortheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,orbecauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.Thisgroupislarge.Theformation，maintenance,anddissolutionofthefamilyisinlargepanafunctionoftherelativebalancebetweenthebenefitsandcostsofmarriageasseenbytheindividualmembersofthemarriage.Sincethefamilyperformscertainfunctionssocietyregardsasvital,acomplexnetworkofsocialandlegalprocesshasevolvedtoreinforcemarriage.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbeexplainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,suchasdivisionofproperty,andchildsupport.

Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandlotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.Expectedincomeexertspressuresairfamilyinstabilitybyreducingthecostofdissolution.Totheextentthatwelfareisaformofgovernment-subsidizedAFDCpayments,itreducesthecostsofseparationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.Sowelfareopportunitiesareasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfromcoverage.Rather,welfare-relatedinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththebenefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsbreachbyprovidingasystemofgovernment-subsidizedpayments.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmarriagewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

4.Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Welfarerestrictiondonotcontributetolow-incomefamilyinstability

B.Themostsignificantkindofwelfarerecipientsisnotthe"cheating”father.

C.Thedivorcerateisboundtofallwhenwelfarebenefitsarecut.

D.Governmentwelfarepaymentsleaddirectlytogrowingdivorcerate.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidentandoptimistic

B.scientificanddetached

C.discouragedandalarmed

D.politeandsensitive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Marriageislargelyshapedbypowerfulbutimpersonaleconomicandsocialforces

B.Marriagehasagreatervaluetohigherincomegroups

C.Societyhasnointerestinencouragingpeopletoremainmarriedtooneanother

D.Marriagewillgraduallygivewaytootherformsofsocialorganization.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.basiceconomictext

B.bookonthehistoryofwelfare

C.religiousliteratureontheimportanceofmarriage

D.scholarlyjournaldevotedtopublicpolicyquestions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章針對(duì)許多批評(píng)家對(duì)當(dāng)前的福利制度導(dǎo)致家庭不穩(wěn)定的指責(zé)，分析了產(chǎn)生這種情況的原因，并得出了與批評(píng)者相反的結(jié)論，所以A選項(xiàng)‘福利限制不會(huì)導(dǎo)致低收入家庭的不穩(wěn)定’正確。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文中作者科學(xué)而又客觀地(scientificanddetached)分析了造成家庭解體的諸多因素，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文中的“Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandtotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.婚姻的穩(wěn)定性與就家庭消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)達(dá)成可接受的共識(shí)所付出的代價(jià)有關(guān)，也與婚姻社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)團(tuán)體不穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)盛行價(jià)格有關(guān)?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“婚姻在很大程度上是由強(qiáng)大但客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)力量所決定的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本文主要分析了福利制度與家庭穩(wěn)定性關(guān)系，屬于公共政策問(wèn)題，所以D選項(xiàng)‘專門(mén)研究公共政策問(wèn)題的學(xué)術(shù)期刊’正確。

9.單選題

Atthissinglepointintheinterior,therehasbeeninsomefardistantage,agreatsuddenvolcanic（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.uprising

B.uplifting

C.upheaval

D.upbringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。uprising“升起的”；uplifting“令人振奮的”；upheaval“劇變”；upbringing“教養(yǎng)，撫育”。本句意為“內(nèi)陸的這個(gè)地方，在遙遠(yuǎn)的年代曾發(fā)生過(guò)巨大的火山劇變”，upheaval符合題意。因此C正確。

10.單選題

Nowadays,ourgovernmentadvocatescredittowhateverwedoorwhoeverwecontactwith.Onceyou_______yourwords,youwillloseyoursocialstatusandpersonalreputation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keepupwith

B.giveawayfrom

C.gobackon

D.losesightof

【答案】C

【解析】