考研考博-英語-德州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-德州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenthedoctordoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（）andasksthemalotofquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atrandom

B.atlength

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)atrandom“胡亂地；隨便地；隨意地”；B選項(xiàng)atlength“最后，終于；詳細(xì)地”；C選項(xiàng)inessence“本質(zhì)上；其實(shí)；大體上”；D選項(xiàng)inbulk“散裝；大量”。句意：當(dāng)醫(yī)生對(duì)人類的大腦做一個(gè)綜合性實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，他隨意挑選人且問他們很多問題。結(jié)合句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet.Morespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.

Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere—onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.

Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.

Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.

Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.Someinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.

26.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT______.

27.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby______.

28.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______.

29.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.

30.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthemountainswithlittleair

B.inthecoldpolarareas

C.inthehotdesertareas

D.intheopenoceans

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hidingintinyspaces

B.havingastrongshell

C.flyingawaywhennecessary

D.changingcolorsorshapes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.frightenawaytheirenemies

B.avoidbeingdiscovered

C.sendwarmingsignals

D.lookbitter-tasting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironments

B.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreatures

C.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoods

D.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplaces

B.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfully

C.whatinsectscandototheenvironment

D.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantity

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“除……外，在以下地方可以看到大量昆蟲”。文章第二段及第三段都提及昆蟲大量生長(zhǎng)的地方，其中第三段第三句提到Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（迄今為止，有一個(gè)地方還沒有在很大程度上發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，那就是在廣闊的海洋中），所以D項(xiàng)“在廣闊的海洋中”正確。A項(xiàng)“在空氣稀薄的山上”、B項(xiàng)“在寒冷的極地地區(qū)”和C項(xiàng)“在炎熱的沙漠地區(qū)”在第二段都提到了，屬于反向干擾。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“昆蟲通過……保護(hù)自己免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的侵害”。定位第四段第一句Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.（一個(gè)堅(jiān)固、堅(jiān)硬但有彈性的外殼覆蓋著它們的軟器官，可以抵抗化學(xué)物質(zhì)、水和物理沖擊），protect…from…是對(duì)resistantto的同義替換，所以B項(xiàng)“擁有一個(gè)堅(jiān)固的外殼”正確。A項(xiàng)“躲在狹小的空間里”是昆蟲可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存的原因，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴。C項(xiàng)“在必要時(shí)飛走”和D項(xiàng)“改變顏色和形狀”也不是昆蟲免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)傷害的原因，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

28.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“有些昆蟲偽裝成自然物體以便……”。定位最后一段第二句Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen,aseedorsomeothernaturalobject.（昆蟲可能就在我們眼前，但幾乎看不見，因?yàn)樗磺擅畹貍窝b成一片綠葉、一塊棕色的土壤、灰色的地衣、一粒種子或其他自然物體），其中nearlyinvisible表明昆蟲偽裝是為了不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“避免被發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“嚇走他們的敵人”、C項(xiàng)“發(fā)出警告信號(hào)”和D項(xiàng)“看起來是有苦味”都是昆蟲偽裝的目的，但是都與偽裝成自然物體無關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提到了昆蟲……”。定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinatingourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.（昆蟲對(duì)人類非常有用，在草地、森林、沙漠和其他地區(qū)，昆蟲為我們的作物和花朵授粉），由useful及分詞結(jié)構(gòu)pollinating可推斷昆蟲對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)有益處，D項(xiàng)“對(duì)農(nóng)作物和花卉的生長(zhǎng)很重要”正確。定位到第三段第二句和第三句Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.（它們驚人的適應(yīng)能力使它們能夠在極端的溫度和環(huán)境中生活。迄今為止，有一個(gè)地方還沒有在很大程度上發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，那就是在廣闊的海洋中。）可知，昆蟲雖然能在極端的溫度和環(huán)境中生存，但不是在任何環(huán)境中。A項(xiàng)“在任何極端環(huán)境中都能找到”曲解原文。定位文章第一段最后一句Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.（昆蟲已經(jīng)在地球上生存了3億年多，并且可能有能力再存活數(shù)百萬年）可知，文章雖在開頭指出昆蟲存活的年代久遠(yuǎn)，但全文未提到它是存活時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的生物，所以B項(xiàng)“比其他任何生物存活的時(shí)間都長(zhǎng)”無中生有。定位第三段倒數(shù)第二句Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton,otherinsects,plantsandanimals.（昆蟲可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存：油漆、胡椒、膠水、書籍、谷物、棉花以及其他昆蟲、植物和動(dòng)物），雖然提到昆蟲可以在各種各樣的天然和人工食物中生存，但只是awiderangeof，這與C項(xiàng)“可以吃任何天然的或人造的食物”中的any不符，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于……”。本文前兩段首先描述了昆蟲生存了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，并能在各種地方生長(zhǎng)，然后第三段引出文章要討論的重點(diǎn)，即昆蟲為什么能成功存活，定位第三段第一句Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.（昆蟲如此成功的生存有很多原因），該句為本文的中心句，所以B項(xiàng)“為什么昆蟲可以如此成功地生存”正確。A項(xiàng)“昆蟲如何在不同的地方生存”和D項(xiàng)“能大量發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲的地方”以偏概全。C項(xiàng)“昆蟲對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.rewarding

C.generous

D.monotonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。prospective意為“預(yù)期的”；rewarding意為“值得的”；generous意為“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意為“單調(diào)乏味的”。

句意：我接到幾個(gè)來自乏味雇主的冗長(zhǎng)的電話，他們對(duì)我很感興趣。

4.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanprovide.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardto

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inlinewith“與…一致”；intermsof“根據(jù)，按照”；inregardto“關(guān)于，對(duì)于”；bymeansof“憑借”。句意：一個(gè)國(guó)家的富有程度，應(yīng)根據(jù)國(guó)家能提供的商品以及國(guó)民的健康和幸福來衡量。由bemeasured可知B項(xiàng)符合句意。答案B

5.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesaleproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。A項(xiàng)why為疑問副詞，表示“為什么”；B項(xiàng)that為關(guān)系代詞，可指代某人或某物；C項(xiàng)whether為疑問副詞，表示“是否”；D項(xiàng)when為疑問副詞，表示“何時(shí)”。根據(jù)句子可知，thereisnodoubtthat…為固定句型，表示“毫無疑問”。句意：毫無疑問，公司在銷售項(xiàng)目上做出了正確的決定。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

The（）dancerwhowas70wasjusttooexhaustedtoproducegooddancemoves.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morass

B.hierarchical

C.effete

D.proselyte

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)morass“沼澤；困境；亂糟糟的一堆”；B選項(xiàng)hierarchical“分層的；等級(jí)體系的”；C選項(xiàng)effete“衰老的；疲憊的；（土地）貧瘠的”；D選項(xiàng)proselyte“使改宗教信仰”。句意：年齡為70歲的這位衰老的跳舞者，實(shí)在是太疲憊而無法拿出好的舞蹈動(dòng)作。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.單選題

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。整個(gè)文章從吉爾伯特第一次嘗試殖民北美到最后英國(guó)成功殖民北美的過程，所以C選項(xiàng)“殖民北美的早期嘗試”正確。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易公司的管理”和B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)和西班牙在新世界的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“皇家專利頒發(fā)于16世紀(jì)”錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)是伊麗莎白女王允許吉爾伯特到北美的專利。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英國(guó)第一次殖民北美的嘗試是由個(gè)人而不是公司控制的。），可知他們自己決定怎樣行動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)“他們自主行動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“伊麗莎白女王要求他們這樣做”：根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征是在1578年，并獲得了伊麗莎白女王授予的專利權(quán)），可知不是伊麗莎白女王要求的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們是大型貿(mào)易公司的成員”文中沒有提到。C選項(xiàng)“他們很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分別進(jìn)行了兩次嘗試，都失敗了，可知進(jìn)展不順利，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征……被西班牙擊退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次嘗試于1583年以災(zāi)難告終，當(dāng)時(shí)吉爾伯特和他的船在一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴中喪生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交戰(zhàn)，而非兩次，吉爾伯特死于1583年，故C選項(xiàng)“他和西班牙人打了兩次仗”和D選項(xiàng)“他死于1587年”錯(cuò)誤；吉爾伯特兩次以失敗告終，沒有到達(dá)北美，A選項(xiàng)“他從未在北美定居”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的貿(mào)易公司被女王授予了專利權(quán)”：根據(jù)第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士獲得了專利的續(xù)期。），可知是個(gè)人而非公司得到專利權(quán)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在羅阿諾克建立第一個(gè)殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國(guó)），可知B選項(xiàng)“一些人沒有存活下來”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們探索了整個(gè)沿海地區(qū)”和C選項(xiàng)“他們把這個(gè)地區(qū)命名為弗吉尼亞”：根據(jù)文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉爾伯特同父異母的兄弟沃特?羅利爵士……贊助了一次探險(xiǎn)，探索他稱之為“弗吉尼亞”的地區(qū)的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亞是沃特?羅利叫的，而不是大家這么叫，也沒有探索整個(gè)沿海地區(qū)。不符合文章內(nèi)容。和D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在羅阿諾克建立第一個(gè)殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英國(guó)，但第二批殖民者消失得無影無蹤。），可知第一批殖民者回到英國(guó)，第二批殖民者不知道具體情況，C選項(xiàng)“在那里的居民命運(yùn)未知”正確，A選項(xiàng)“在那里的定居者都放棄了，回到了英國(guó)”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)了好幾年”和D選項(xiàng)“被西班牙人征服”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

（）tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NosoonerhadhebegunC.Hardlyhadhebegun

B.C.HardlyhadhebegunB.

C.HardlyhadhebegunB.Notuntilbegan

D.Scarcelydidhebegin

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配題。Hardly...when.…表示“一...就..”。句意：他剛一開始說話,

觀眾就打斷了他。

9.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細(xì)菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，就像感官體驗(yàn)對(duì)大腦進(jìn)行編程一樣。”由此可推斷，這個(gè)“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數(shù)百萬年的時(shí)間里與人類共生進(jìn)化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分就被拋棄了?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個(gè)鏡像?！环萦煞▏?guó)研究人員撰寫的關(guān)于衛(wèi)生假說的報(bào)告稱。”鏡像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應(yīng)該要注意傷口的護(hù)理，因?yàn)榧?xì)菌一旦進(jìn)入血液就會(huì)引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B和D不符合原文描述；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們?cè)谀嗤晾锿嫠]有什么錯(cuò)，他們不必生活在完全衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境中...”所以選項(xiàng)C“父母不必?fù)?dān)心孩子在泥土里玩?！狈显?。

10.單選題

Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.

It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.

RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.

EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.

OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.

56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.

57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?

58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?

59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.

60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.ironic

C.ridicule

D.enthusiastic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.

B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.

C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.

D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.

B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.

C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.

D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingcomplaints

B.gettingsupports

C.makingfriends

D.experiencingsocialanxiety

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.

B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.

C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.

D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從用詞可以判斷第一段的語氣是如何的？”。第一段指出Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.（如果你是一個(gè)喜歡社交媒體的女人，你可能會(huì)想到這樣一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：你們一起坐在沙發(fā)上默默地看電視。當(dāng)你花點(diǎn)時(shí)間瀏覽你的推特時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的另一半一直在推特上分享關(guān)于《紙牌屋》的一系列個(gè)人想法——盡管他還沒有對(duì)你說過一個(gè)字）；文中用了一個(gè)貶義詞“butterfly（追求享樂的人）”，可以推斷這段語氣是嘲諷，所以C項(xiàng)“譏諷、嘲笑”符合。A項(xiàng)“批判的”不符合題意；B項(xiàng)“諷刺的、反話的”，是指用反話諷刺，文中沒有用反話所以不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“熱情的”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“為什么男士更喜歡在網(wǎng)上表達(dá)而不是當(dāng)面表達(dá)？”。第二段提到It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.（男性對(duì)自己的想法和感受往往比女性守口如瓶，這并不奇怪，但社交媒體為一些男性創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)避風(fēng)港，他們可以用自己在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中從未有過的方式在網(wǎng)上表達(dá)自己），可以推斷，男性認(rèn)為社交媒體是安全的。A項(xiàng)“男性認(rèn)為社交媒體是有力量的”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“男性喜歡把想法講給觀眾聽”，文中只是說社交媒體為男性提供了避風(fēng)港；D項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)人面前說話會(huì)害羞”，這里只是說了男性與女性相比，男性不愛表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性的說法是不正確的？”。第三段第三行提到Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia（女性比男性更有可能使用社交媒體），證明B項(xiàng)“她們使用社交媒體比男性更頻繁”正確；第二段最后一句Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink（現(xiàn)在，女性可以通過社交媒體來更深入地了解伴侶的想法）可知，C項(xiàng)“通過社交媒體，她們會(huì)更加了解自己的伴侶”正確；第三段倒數(shù)第二行womenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface（女性也同樣愿意與某人面對(duì)面地分享她們?cè)跀?shù)字世界中迸發(fā)的想法）可知，D項(xiàng)“她們既樂意在社交媒體也愿意面對(duì)面交流”正確；而A項(xiàng)“她們受到社交媒體的負(fù)面影響”文章沒有提及，只在第四段第二行提到thereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupports（因此，男性和女性更需要表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒并尋求支持）。因此，該題選A。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“男性和女性保持使用社交媒體的理由是以下除了……選項(xiàng)？”。從第四段EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.（邁阿密大學(xué)博士生EvaBuechel研究為什么人們?cè)诰€分享內(nèi)容，他發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性經(jīng)歷社會(huì)焦慮，也因此更需要表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒，尋求支持，同樣有可能保持一個(gè)博客或社交媒體賬戶）可以看出，A項(xiàng)“抱怨”、B項(xiàng)“得到支持”、D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷社會(huì)焦慮”均提到，唯獨(dú)C項(xiàng)“交朋友”沒有提及。所以該題選C。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于男性使用社交媒體，從最后一段可以推斷出……？”。最后一段講到menareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.（男性越來越愿意在網(wǎng)上分享他們的創(chuàng)造性工作，如寫作、音樂或藝術(shù)；在2008年的一項(xiàng)研究中，近三分之二的男性表示他們會(huì)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布自己的工作，相比之下，只有一半的女性會(huì)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布工作）；可以推斷男性更愿意分享自己的工作，A項(xiàng)“男性從來不分享他們的感情生活”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“男性希望在網(wǎng)上得到工作上的支持”也沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“男性在寫作、藝術(shù)和思考方面更有創(chuàng)造性”文中并沒有說到，只是說他們?cè)敢夥窒?。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolongerecologists

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.erest

B.perfected...hinder

C.diverted...arouse

D.vetoed...irritate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。exhaust“排出，耗盡，使精疲力盡，詳盡論述”；interest“使感興趣，使關(guān)心，使注意，使參與，使有利害關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)的perfect“使……完美（完善）”；hinder“阻礙，妨礙，成為阻礙”；C選項(xiàng)的divert“使轉(zhuǎn)向，使繞道，轉(zhuǎn)移（某人）的注意力，使分心”；arouse“激起，引起（感情、態(tài)度），喚醒某人，激發(fā)，行動(dòng)起來“；D選項(xiàng)的veto“否決，禁止，反對(duì)”；irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”。根據(jù)句意‘迄今為止，還沒有任何植物類型或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，人們對(duì)它們的研宄能達(dá)到如此詳盡無遺的地步，以致它不再能夠引起生態(tài)學(xué)家的興趣’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.填空題

Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeing

damaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dagreed改為agreedon

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】beagreedonsth.為固定搭配，其意思為“（對(duì)……）取得一致意見，一致同意”，此處為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這里指的是科學(xué)家一致認(rèn)為人可以承受60雷姆的輻射，agreedon才正確，因此D部分應(yīng)為agreedon。

【句意】科學(xué)家有理由認(rèn)為，人可以承受遠(yuǎn)大于0.1雷姆的輻射而不受到傷害，60雷姆也一致認(rèn)為可以。

13.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:ThesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustultimatelybetakenintoaccount.

Inamarketeconomy,thepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplieddependonthecostofmakingit,andthatcost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepricesofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

4.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodinamarketeconomy?

5.WhichofthefollowingexamplesBESTreflectsacosttosocietyasdefinedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thescarcityofmanufacturedgoods.

B.Thevalueofscarcematerials.

C.Themanufacturingofscarcegoods.

D.Thecostof