考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東莞理工學(xué)院城市學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing(定量供應(yīng))isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswidespreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.

Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests.NorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain’soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.

Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.

Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.

Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhasseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingverywell.

1.Whyisthere“wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusionaboutthefoodsituationinBritain?”

2.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat（

）

.

3.Whydidn’tthegovernment’sexpansionprogramworkverywell?

4.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpricewasaresultof（

）.

5.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain’sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.

B.Britainisimportinglessfood.

C.Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.

D.Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearebuyinglessfood

B.thegovernmentisprovidinglessfinancialsupportforagriculture

C.domesticfoodproductionhasdecreased

D.importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigher

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed

B.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.

C.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce

D.Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerwerestronglyagainsttheprogrammer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumers.

B.asharpfallinthecostoffoodproduction

C.theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountries

D.theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.

B.Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.

C.Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.

D.Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?提到人們對于為什么糧食多了價(jià)格卻依然持續(xù)上漲表示擔(dān)憂，所以可以看出人們感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是價(jià)格卻在上漲，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第三段asimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood提到食物價(jià)格增長的主要原因是政府逐漸減少了對食物的支持。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章最后一段Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket提到盡管目前的價(jià)格還有市場保證，但是農(nóng)民依舊擔(dān)心他們將被擠壓在廉價(jià)的進(jìn)口食品和一個(gè)萎縮的國內(nèi)市場中，所以可以推斷農(nóng)民對于這樣的保證是不信任的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第二段Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests提到國際食物市場貿(mào)易順差的增加非常大，貿(mào)易順差說明出口多余進(jìn)口，由此可知是國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)增加使得出口加大，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingverywell提到部長重復(fù)的建議沒有什么作用，擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的不怎么好，由此可知，這個(gè)前景是令人擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Arailwayticketshouldindicatetheplaceofdepartureaswellasthe（

）ofthetrip.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.image

C.destination

D.sequence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。arrival意為“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”；image意為“形象，印象，畫像”；destination意為“目的地，終點(diǎn)”；sequence意為“一系列，一連串，順序”。

句意：火車票應(yīng)注明出發(fā)地點(diǎn)和旅行目的地。

3.單選題

Pessimismconcerningtheeconomicfuturewas____inwesternEuropeancountriesinthelate1970s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.pertinent

C.preventive

D.prevalent

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.perpetual永久的B.pertinent有關(guān)的；恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

C.preventive預(yù)防性的D.prevalent盛行的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形近詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】原句主語為“關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒”，后文內(nèi)容為“在20世紀(jì)70年代末的西歐國家”，只有D選項(xiàng)prevalent“盛行的”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合前后語義銜接。

【句意】20世紀(jì)70年代末，西歐國家普遍存在對經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的悲觀情緒。

4.翻譯題

Menliveinsocietynotbecausetheyaremen,butbecausetheyareanimals.Thesocialwayoflifeisastageintheevolutionoflifepriortotheappearanceofthehumanrace.

Whatisdistinctiveaboutmanisthathehaddevelopedsocialorganizationfarmorequicklythananyotheranimalspecies,sothatitisagiantstepincomplexitybetweenthemostelaboratenon-humansocietyandthemostelementarysocietyofmen.Humansocietysharescharacteristicswithanimalsocieties;itisformedbyagivenpopulationofindividuals,allbelongingtothesamespecies.Itshowsaninternalspecializationoftasks.Individualsinteractasmembersofthesamespeciesandpossessonecommonlanguagewhichsetsthemapartfromotherspecies.Thelevelofpopulationisperpetuatedbymeansofbiologicalreproductionandofconstantstruggleagainsttheenvironment.Similaritieslikethesebecameconspicuouswhenhumansocialorganizationiscomparedwiththatofotherprimates(靈長目).

【答案】【參考譯文】人類生活在社會(huì)中不是因?yàn)樗麄兪侨?，而是因?yàn)樗麄兪莿?dòng)物。社會(huì)性的生活方式是生命進(jìn)化中一個(gè)先于人類出現(xiàn)的階段。

人類的獨(dú)特之處在于他發(fā)展社會(huì)組織的速度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于任何其他動(dòng)物物種，所以在區(qū)分最復(fù)雜的非人類社會(huì)和最初級的人類社會(huì)之間的復(fù)雜性方面，這是一大的進(jìn)步。人類社會(huì)和動(dòng)物社會(huì)具有相同的特點(diǎn)，它是由屬于同一物種的特定數(shù)量的個(gè)體組成；它顯示了任務(wù)的內(nèi)部具體化過程。個(gè)體作為同一物種的一部分相互接觸，擁有著共同的語言，而正是這種語言將他們與其他物種區(qū)分開來；通過生物繁衍和與環(huán)境的持續(xù)斗爭，人口數(shù)量基本保持不變。當(dāng)人類社會(huì)組織和其他靈長類動(dòng)物的社會(huì)組織作比較時(shí)，類似這樣的相同之處就變得明顯了。

5.單選題

Thetoneofthearticle（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduce“復(fù)制，繁殖”；B選項(xiàng)reflect“反射，反應(yīng)”；C選項(xiàng)imagine“想象，猜想”；D選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：這篇文章的語氣反映了作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.翻譯題

很多已經(jīng)發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文都有錯(cuò)誤，各種因素導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問題。統(tǒng)計(jì)錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。在雜志決定刊載論文之前，審讀論文的同行審讀人（peerreviewers）在發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤方面比雜志或其他人更差；職業(yè)的壓力、競爭和進(jìn)取心驅(qū)使科學(xué)家們更快地發(fā)表文章而失去了理智。更糟的是，科學(xué)家職業(yè)體系強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)表大量論文?！安话l(fā)表論文就滅亡”的壓力已經(jīng)逐步地統(tǒng)治學(xué)術(shù)生活。

【答案】Therearemistakesinmanyscientificpapersalreadypublished.Variousfactorscontributetothisproblem.Statisticalerrorsmeettheeyeeverywhere.Beforejournalsdecidetopublishpapers,peerreviewersareinferiortojournalsorotherpeopleinfindingmistakes.Professionalpressure,competitionandenterprisepromptscientiststopublishpapersmorequicklybuttolosetheirsense.Worsestill,scientists’professionalsystememphasizesthepublicationofalargenumberofpapers.Thepressureofpublishingpapersorperishingisdominatingacademiclifegradually.

7.單選題

Youmusthavewaitedhereforalongtime,（）you?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustn't

B.didn't

C.haven’t

D.hadn't

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你一定在這里等了很長時(shí)間了，對嗎？

語法題。考查反義疑問句。句中的反意疑問句是對havewaited進(jìn)行反問，因陳述句部分中有foralongtime,即完成時(shí)態(tài)，故反意疑問句部分要用“haven’t/hasn’t+主語”。

8.單選題

Howmanyofus（

）,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attended

B.attending

C.toattend

D.haveattended

【答案】B

【解析】考查分詞作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“say”為插入語，“thatisirrelevanttous”為定語，句中主干為：Howmanyofus

ameetingwouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?wouldbeinterestedin是謂語，那么空格處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，作定語修飾名詞us。不定式作定語表未發(fā)生的，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所指的時(shí)間既可以指過去，也可指現(xiàn)在。過去分詞作定語表被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此選B。

句意：比如說，參加一個(gè)與我們毫不相干的會(huì)議，那么我們當(dāng)中有多少人會(huì)對會(huì)議上的討論感興趣呢？

9.單選題

Forthemostpart,blacksportsmenacceptthattheyhaveadvantages，inanunspecifiedway,overtheirwhite（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supervisors

B.subordinate

C.counterparts

D.correspondents

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞辨析。supervisors監(jiān)督人，檢查人；subordinates下屬；counterparts相似的人或物，對方；correspondents通信員。句意：大多數(shù)情況下，黑人運(yùn)動(dòng)員承認(rèn)他們以某種不明確的方式優(yōu)越于白人運(yùn)動(dòng)員。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy（）forherexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toprepare

B.tobeprepared

C.preparing

D.beingprepared

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。bebusyindoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：Jean昨晚沒有時(shí)間去聽音樂會(huì)是因?yàn)樗χ鴾?zhǔn)備她的考試。

11.單選題

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ultimate“最終的，極限的”；B選項(xiàng)utmost“極度的，最遠(yuǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)superior“上級的，優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的，極大的”。句意：眾所周知，教皇是羅馬天主教會(huì)的最高領(lǐng)袖。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Aftersometimethesecondstageofthespaceshuttle,havingusedupitsfuel,justlikethebooster,separatesand______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runsaway

B.chargesfor

C.fallsoff

D.mergesinto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)runsaway“逃跑；失控”；B選項(xiàng)chargesfor“索價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)fallsoff“跌落；下降；離開”；D選項(xiàng)mergesinto“并入；結(jié)合”。句意：過了一段時(shí)間，航天飛機(jī)的第二級燃料耗盡，像助推器一樣分離并______。根據(jù)語境，這里指燃料分離和脫落，C選項(xiàng)fallsoff“跌落；離開”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Morethan100（）catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loose

B.tamed

C.wild

D.stray

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。loose“寬松的”；tamed“馴服的，平淡的”；wild“野生的”；stray“迷路的，流浪的”。句意：100多只曾經(jīng)在中國某個(gè)省份街上流浪的貓被收留并被組織去對付破壞莊稼的嚙齒動(dòng)物。

14.單選題

Themailwas（）fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldback

B.heldout

C.heldup

D.heldon

【答案】A

【解析】heldback隱瞞,

退縮,

控制,

阻止；heldout提出,

顯示；heldup舉起,

提出,

支持；heldon等一下,

繼續(xù)。句意：由于暴風(fēng)雪的原因,

郵件延誤了兩天。只有選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認(rèn)，證實(shí);declare宣布，聲明;選項(xiàng)A和B都是后接名詞短語或that從句;confess承認(rèn)，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認(rèn)做過某事;claim聲稱，斷言，后可接名詞短語、that從句,也可接不定式短語,不定式中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（）_nationalandculturalbarriers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transcend“勝過，超越”；traverse“穿過，來回移動(dòng)，反駁”；abolish“廢除，廢止”；suppress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些超越國家和文化障礙的電影。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Anexistingworkagreement______onAugust14andnegotiationsforanewonehavebrokendown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expires

B.exceeds

C.terminates

D.ceases

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)expire“到期，期滿”，一般指因到期而失效；B項(xiàng)exceed“超過，勝過”，C項(xiàng)terminate“結(jié)束，終止”，一般指終止某件事情，相當(dāng)于end；如：Theagreementwasterminatedimmediately.（那項(xiàng)協(xié)議立即被終止了）。D項(xiàng)cease“停止，終了”，指停止某件事情，相當(dāng)于stop，如：Heorderedhismentoceasefire.（他命令手下停止射擊）。根據(jù)句子中表示日期的關(guān)鍵詞August14（8月14日）可知，A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：現(xiàn)有的工作協(xié)議將于8月14日到期，新協(xié)議的談判已經(jīng)破裂。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovate

B.inhabit

C.integrate

D.inherit

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。。innovate“改革”；inhabit“棲息”；integrate“使融人”；inherit“繼承”。句意：作為一名優(yōu)秀的攝影師，你必須形成一種意識(shí)，留意你所處的世界和棲息在這世界上的人們。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carefullyenough

B.enoughcarefully

C.morethancareful

D.morecarefully

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。morethan用于形容詞或副詞前，意思為“非常；十分”。根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞確定C選項(xiàng)morethancareful“非常小心”正確。其余選項(xiàng)中carefully是副詞，不放在be動(dòng)詞后面。句意：要處理這個(gè)微妙的局面，你必須非常小心。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。void意為“無效的，空的”；vulgar意為“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意為“過剩的”；extravagant意為“奢侈的，揮霍的，過分的”。

句意：最初的選舉被先前軍事統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治者宣布無效。

22.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項(xiàng)surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項(xiàng)guidance表示“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)”，D項(xiàng)supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動(dòng)或行動(dòng)過程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠(yuǎn)足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對海盜襲擊的擔(dān)心使得法國加固了他們的海岸線。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

24.寫作題

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordswiththetitle:MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries.DoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries25.單選題

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the（

）judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。merciful意為“仁慈的，寬恕的，溫和的”；impartial意為“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意為“一絲不茍的，認(rèn)真的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”。由前面eventhough（即使，縱然）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的，因此選A。

句意：即使他有罪，仁慈的法官也沒有把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

26.單選題

Sheremainsconfidentand（

）untroubledbyourpresentproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indefinitely

B.optimistically

C.infinitely

D.seemingly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。indefinitely“不確定地”；optimistically“樂觀地”；infinitely“無限地”；seemingly“看來似乎”。句意：她仍然對我們現(xiàn)在遇到的問題保持自信樂觀的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

27.單選題

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必須通過一門生物科學(xué)課程否則你不能畢業(yè)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在開始的時(shí)候有足夠耐心，解釋如何通過顯微鏡看到東西，但他總是在憤怒中結(jié)束，聲稱我也可以通過顯微鏡看到東西，只是假裝我不能看到?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他聲稱，這是由于我沒有調(diào)好顯微鏡，所以他就為我調(diào)試，或者更確切地說，為自己。我再看了一遍，結(jié)果我看到了乳狀物?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（導(dǎo)師）大聲說?！澳阋压潭绥R頭，以至于它發(fā)生了反射！你畫了你的眼睛！”可推知B項(xiàng)“諷刺的”正確。A項(xiàng)“自滿的”；C項(xiàng)“可恥的；不名譽(yù)的”；D項(xiàng)“批評的”。

28.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了地球日環(huán)?；顒?dòng)的起源，接著介紹了不同人群在環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)中對環(huán)境保護(hù)做出的努力和取得的成果，說明本文的主要內(nèi)容是介紹環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源和發(fā)展。因此C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)及