考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東海洋大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東海洋大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mr.Smithissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohaveleft

B.havingleft

C.toleave

D.tobeleaving

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。besupposedtodosth.為固定用法,

意為應(yīng)該做某事,

所以首先排除選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A表示“已經(jīng)離開(kāi)”,

選項(xiàng)C表示“準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)”,

選項(xiàng)D表示“正在離開(kāi)”。根據(jù)句意：史密斯先生應(yīng)該上個(gè)星期就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)去意大利了,

選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Aswemoveintothe21stcenturytheconceptofreadingwasrecognizedbymostasinvolvingamuchmorecomplexsetofskillsthanhadbeenunderstoodinthepast.Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.

ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.

Readingandtheteachingofreadinghavebecomemorecomplexandreachoutacrossawiderandwideraudience,sothatwenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy.Weacceptthatwewilllearnnewskillsinnewcontexts.ItisaK-adultcurriculumnow.

However,itisanagewhenpoliticsandpoliticianshavetakencontroloftheliteracyagenda.Thisisnotsurprising,asthosewhodon'thavehighlevelsofliteracyaremorelikelytoendup’onsomesortofsocialsupportandthusareviewedasa“burden”tosociety.So,inordertosavemoneyinthelong-term,”itseemspoliticianshaveagreedthatliteracybeginsintheearlyyears.Andtheyarefinallypreparedtosupportthisconcept.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acriticalreadershouldbeableto（

）.

2.Fromthecontextofthepassagewecaninferthepossiblemeaningof“K-adultcurriculum(Paragraph3)”as

（

）.

3.Inthediagramwecaninferthatthefeaturesoftextanalystpracticesmainlyinvolves（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciateandinterpretthereadingsholisticallyinvariousdimensionsandapproaches

B.evaluatethepassagewithculturalbackgroundandcontext

C.readandapprehendtheinformationofthepassageswithvariousandcomprehensivetechniquesofreading

D.deductthethemeofpassagewithneutralandcriticalview

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acurriculumofreadingcoursewithcomprehensiveskillsforadultlearners

B.acourseplanwithcombinationskillsofbothcultureandcontextinterpretationinreading

C.alifelongreadingteachingschedulefromchildhood(Kindergarten)toadulthood

D.areadingcourseplanwithvariousknowledgeforadultreader

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.clearseparationfromcodebreakerpracticesbutcloserelationwithtextuserpractices

B.thegraphophonic,semanticandsyntacticcuesandrelatedtothetextuserpracticesandotherreadingpracticesatfoundationportions

C.thestudyofsemanticandsyntacticcharactersbutlessofgraphicandphoneticelementsaboutthepassages

D.mainlysyntacticcueswhichseemsnottoberelatedtocodebreakerpractices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段：“Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.今天的文化要求讀者不僅能夠閱讀快樂(lè)和信息，而且能夠?qū)ξ谋咎岢鰡?wèn)題，認(rèn)識(shí)到作者試圖給讀者定位的方式，并成為所謂的“批判性”讀者。”可知C項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用多種多樣的綜合閱讀技巧，閱讀和理解文章中的信息”正確，A項(xiàng)“從不同的角度和方法全面理解閱讀材料”；B項(xiàng)“用文化背景和語(yǔ)境來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)文章；C項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用多種多樣的綜合閱讀技巧，閱讀和理解文章中的信息”；D項(xiàng)“以中立和批判的觀點(diǎn)演繹文章的主題”。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第三段:wenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy…我們現(xiàn)在承認(rèn)，我們是閱讀的終生學(xué)習(xí)者，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是讀寫(xiě)能力的終生學(xué)習(xí)者。可知C項(xiàng)“從兒童(幼兒園)到成人的終身閱讀教學(xué)計(jì)劃”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.簡(jiǎn)單的維恩圖被用來(lái)描述語(yǔ)言提示系統(tǒng)（下圖）制造時(shí)代的含義已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到更復(fù)雜的圖,包括文化和語(yǔ)境的影響讀者以及讀者的角色必須是有效的?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“在基礎(chǔ)部分，與文本用戶實(shí)踐和其他閱讀實(shí)踐相關(guān)的書(shū)面、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法線索”正確。

3.單選題

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.deteriorated

D.mediated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：這種藥（）他的疼痛，但不能治愈他的疾病。A選項(xiàng)activated觸發(fā)；B選項(xiàng)alleviated減輕，緩解；C選項(xiàng)deteriorated使惡化；D選項(xiàng)mediated調(diào)解。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.問(wèn)答題

The(A)fantasticachievementsofmoderntechnologyandthespeed(B)withwhichscientificdiscoveriesare(C)translatedintotechnologicalapplications(D)attesttothetriumphofhumanefforts.

【答案】B；“with”改為“at”。

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的驚人成就和科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為技術(shù)應(yīng)用的速度證明了人類(lèi)努力的勝利。句中“withwhich”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“speed”，因?yàn)橛泄潭ù钆洹癮tthespeed”表示“以……的速度”，所以將B項(xiàng)的介詞“with”改為“at”。

5.單選題

Thewinningteamloudly（）itsvictory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnified

B.proclaimed

C.signified

D.exclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】magnified放大,夸張；proclaimed宣布,一般指官方宣布重大事件；signified表明；exclaimed呼喊,指因高興、憤怒、痛苦、驚訝等突發(fā)感情而高聲喊叫。句意：獲勝的隊(duì)伍大聲的歡呼著勝利。所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

6.單選題

Egyptianauthoritiesaretryingtopreventtheirhistoricalmonumentsfrom（

）thesavagesoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standingby

B.countingon

C.succumbingto

D.holdingup

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。standingby支持，準(zhǔn)備行動(dòng)；countingon依賴(lài)，依靠；succumbingto屈服于…；holdingup拿著。句意：埃及當(dāng)局正在試圖阻止他們的歷史古跡隨著時(shí)間推移而消隕。C項(xiàng)符合題意，答案C

7.單選題

Thatthematerialintheadsmaynotbepertinenttotherealissuesthecandidatewillbeaddressingonceinofficeorwhattheymightdoontherealissuestheymightfaceis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atallpoints

B.besidethepoint

C.uptoapoint

D.tothepoint

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。atallpoints“在各方面”；besidethepoint“不中肯，離題”；uptoapoint“在一定程度上”；tothepoint“中肯”。句意：廣告中的內(nèi)容可能與候選人在正式會(huì)議上要討論的真正問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，或者與在他們可能面臨的真正問(wèn)題所處理的事情也不相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，無(wú)論白天做了什么，我們每晚睡覺(jué)時(shí)都會(huì)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間在做夢(mèng)。

語(yǔ)法題。考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生”；mayhavedone表示“對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的一種推測(cè)”；wouldhavedone表示“本來(lái)會(huì)做某事，但實(shí)際沒(méi)有做成”；musthavedone表示“對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)”。故選B。

9.單選題

Inthepackedhall,thepeoplesittingclosetome（

）meintothecomerlittlebylittle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dragged

B.drew

C.frightened

D.wedged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。drag“拖拉；拖曳”；draw“畫(huà)；拉；吸引”；frighten“使驚嚇；嚇唬”；wedge“楔入；擠進(jìn)”。句意：在擁擠的大廳，緊挨著我坐的人逐漸將我擠進(jìn)了角落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

RetireeslookingtostretchtheirpensionsmightconsiderspendingtheirgoldenyearsinEcuador,PanamaorMexico,______costoflivingislowandtheweatheriswarm,accordingtoanewindex.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？崭袂笆且粋€(gè)完整的句子，因此逗號(hào)后需要一個(gè)關(guān)系詞修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞“Educator,PnamaorMexico”，后面的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主要成分，因此關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，只有C選項(xiàng)where符合要求。句意：一項(xiàng)新數(shù)據(jù)表明，希望延長(zhǎng)養(yǎng)老金的退休人員可能會(huì)考慮在厄瓜多爾、巴拿馬或墨西哥度過(guò)他們的黃金歲月，因?yàn)槟抢锏纳畛杀据^低，而且天氣溫暖。

11.單選題

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto（）onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impose

B.center

C.overwork

D.concentrate

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。centeron“集中在……；以……為中心”。句意：霍金拒絕了醫(yī)生父親學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)的強(qiáng)烈要求，選擇專(zhuān)攻數(shù)學(xué)和理論物理。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知B為正確答案。

12.單選題

Theywereforcedto（）onnecessitiesinordertomaketheirlimitedsupplieslastthelongishwinter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.skimp

B.exhaust

C.stingy

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)skimp“克扣，對(duì)……不夠用心”；B選項(xiàng)exhaust“使精疲力盡，耗盡，徹底探討”；C選項(xiàng)stingy“吝嗇的，小氣的，有刺的”；D選項(xiàng)count“總數(shù)，數(shù)數(shù)”。句意：他們被迫在生活必需品上_____，以使有限的物資能夠度過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的冬天。根據(jù)后文說(shuō)“有限的物資”，可以看出他們的物資缺乏，因此是“被迫在必需品上錙銖必較”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sank“沉陷”；B選項(xiàng)sent“送，寄出”；C選項(xiàng)erupted“爆發(fā)；長(zhǎng)出”；D選項(xiàng)shook“搖動(dòng)”。句意：火山發(fā)出警告說(shuō)它很快就會(huì)爆發(fā)：9月23日，它的地表下發(fā)生了小地震。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)sank（沉陷）也與地震不匹配，因此得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們希望他能夠履行諾言。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。carryoff奪去，獲得;carryout貫徹,執(zhí)行;carrythrough貫徹,完成;carryabout隨身攜帶。故B符合句意。

15.翻譯題

根據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計(jì)，67%的美國(guó)人能上網(wǎng)，該比例是中國(guó)的6倍。盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作用巨大，但許多問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有解決，如：病毒侵入和信息安全。即使這些問(wèn)題最終有可能得到解決，也需要艱辛的努力和多年時(shí)間。

【答案】答：

Accordingtothelateststatistics,67%oftheU.S.populationhaveaccesstotheInternet,whichissixtimesthatofChina.DespitetheinfluentialroleoftheInternet,manyproblemsarefarfromsettled,suchastheinvasionofvirusesandinformationsecurity.Evenifitispossibletofindfinalsolutions,itwilltakepainstakingeffortsandmanyyears.

16.翻譯題

名牌大學(xué)享受著絕大部分的政府教育撥款,而地方大學(xué)只能依靠市場(chǎng)的力量,這就意味著他們必須要招收更多的學(xué)生以確保財(cái)政收入。這種逐漸加大的差距必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致地方大學(xué)教育質(zhì)量下滑,這些地方學(xué)校嚴(yán)重缺乏富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)秀教師。更糟糕的是,這些學(xué)校都喜歡開(kāi)設(shè)一些”軟"專(zhuān)業(yè),比如說(shuō),會(huì)計(jì),金融,公共事業(yè)管理,國(guó)際貿(mào)易,外語(yǔ)等等。這些時(shí)髦的專(zhuān)業(yè)不需要太多財(cái)資就可以開(kāi)設(shè),從而使得學(xué)校珂以容納下這些年的擴(kuò)招學(xué)生。這些專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)生過(guò)去受到就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的歡迎。然而,由于這些專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)生日益增多,使得供需之間產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重不平衡的現(xiàn)象。

【答案】Theeliteuniversitiesenjoystrongstatepatronageintermsofhigherconcentrationofpublicresourceswhilethelocalonesarelargelylefttorelyonmarketforces,whichmeansthattheyhavetotakeinmorestudentsinordertosecuretheirrevenue.Thiswideninggapinevitablyledtodeteriorationofthequalityofhighereducationinmanylocalcolleges,whichsufferfromasevereshortageofqualifiedandexperiencedteachingstaff.Worsestill,manyofthesecollegesfavoredadding“soft”programs,e.g.,accounting,business/publicadministration,internationalcommerce,foreignlanguages,etc.Thesepopularprogramsrequiremodestresources,thusprovidinganeffectivemeansforfastexpansion.Graduatesoftheseprogramsusedtobewelcomedintothejobmarket.However,theproliferationoftheseprogramshascreatedahugediscrepancybetweenthesupplyanddemandside.

17.單選題

Iwasaboutto（

）amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rub

B.hit

C.scrape

D.strike

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。rub摩擦；hit打擊，碰撞；scrape刮擦；strike撞擊，打，擦。strikeamatch為固定搭配，表示“劃火柴”。

句意：我正要?jiǎng)澔鸩駮r(shí)想起了湯姆的警告。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonmisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialswithhigherefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor

（

）.

4.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussingtheimportanceofsolarenergy

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhysiliconsolarcellshavebeenthecenterofresearch

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon.

C.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.criticalanddiscouraged

B.biasedandunprofessional

C.analyticalandoptimistic

D.hesitatingandinconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者在開(kāi)頭指出，太陽(yáng)能非常重要，進(jìn)一步指出，太陽(yáng)能電池顯然是太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)的重要組成部分，其成本高的問(wèn)題尚未解決。作者接下來(lái)討論對(duì)太陽(yáng)能電池的研究以及生產(chǎn)硅電池遇到的困難。在第三段，作者指出，有一種解決問(wèn)題的辦法，那就是非結(jié)晶材料。所以全文的主要目的是把非結(jié)晶材料作為一種有可能解決太陽(yáng)能電池成本高的問(wèn)題，D選項(xiàng)‘描述了光伏電池成本問(wèn)題的一種可能解決方案’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsmakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.最近，有一些富有想象力的嘗試使多晶硅和帶狀硅的成本低于高質(zhì)量的單晶；但到目前為止，這些成本明顯較低的材料的效率一直低得令人無(wú)法接受。此外，這些材料之所以更便宜，只是因?yàn)榫w半導(dǎo)體中引入了無(wú)序，無(wú)序降低了晶體太陽(yáng)能電池的效率”可知引入結(jié)晶半導(dǎo)體的無(wú)序會(huì)降低晶體硅太陽(yáng)能電池的效率，C選項(xiàng)‘盡量減少近期硅太陽(yáng)能電池改進(jìn)的重要性’正確。

3.推理判斷題。盡管作者沒(méi)有明確提倡為非結(jié)晶材料提供更多的研究基金，但全文隱含了這一論點(diǎn)。在第一段中Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsinglecrystalsolarcells研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的大部分用于研究單晶太陽(yáng)能電池”。根據(jù)第三段主題句可知，非結(jié)晶材料可以成為硅電池的替代品。因此可以推知，應(yīng)増加對(duì)非結(jié)晶材料的研究基金。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從文章可知，文中采用了大量的數(shù)據(jù)，有整數(shù)也有百分比；并且因?yàn)樽詈笠欢巫詈蟮膬?nèi)容表明作者的樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。本文通篇以事實(shí)描述的口吻向讀者展示關(guān)于利用非晶材料節(jié)約太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電節(jié)約成本的問(wèn)題，并不帶有主觀色彩，而末尾對(duì)非結(jié)晶材料的使用又抱有希望，所以C選項(xiàng)‘分析的和樂(lè)觀的’正確。

19.翻譯題

Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthestreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.1.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoices.Therewill,however,beacost:protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhighstreetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

2.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonthescreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theonlinecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

3.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.4.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Thereis,however,analternative.Lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

5.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicinesonlinemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

【答案】1.電子商務(wù)發(fā)展很快，很快就會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)更多的選擇。然而這是有代價(jià)的：保護(hù)消費(fèi)者不受欺詐將會(huì)更加困難。因此，許多政府想要將商業(yè)街法規(guī)擴(kuò)展到電子世界。

2.富有國(guó)家的消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這樣一種觀念，即政府應(yīng)對(duì)一切事情負(fù)責(zé)，從銀行的穩(wěn)定性到藥品的安全，或者他們?cè)谏唐烦霈F(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)退款的權(quán)利。但是，政府不能對(duì)那些僅在屏幕上出現(xiàn)的企業(yè)執(zhí)行國(guó)家法律。

3.方法之一就是要求各國(guó)政府加強(qiáng)合作：承認(rèn)彼此的規(guī)則。但這需要多年的工作和大量的詳細(xì)規(guī)則。

4.許多國(guó)家的規(guī)則太荒謬，以致清醒的國(guó)家無(wú)法接受。但是，還有另一種選擇。讓電子商務(wù)自己進(jìn)行“監(jiān)管”。

5.在電子商務(wù)中，誠(chéng)實(shí)交易的聲譽(yù)將是一項(xiàng)寶貴的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資產(chǎn)。政府也可能為了獲得信任而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

20.單選題

WhentheAmericanpsychologistWayneOatesdiedin1999,theNewYorkTimesbeganhisobituarybynotingtwofacts.First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books.Second—andpresumablynotcoincidentally—hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic.Oatesinventedthenew-ubiquitoustermina1968essay,inwhichheconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousnesshadbeenadisordersimilartosubstanceabuse.Ofcourse,heacknowledged,workaholismismuchmorerespectablethandrinkingafifthaday—morethesortofpersonalitytraitthatmighthelpsomeone,say,earnanobitinthepaperrecord.

Whatprecisely,qualifiessomeoneasaworkaholic?There’sstillnosingleacceptedmedicaldefinition.Butpsychologistshavetriedtodistinguishpeoplemerelydevotedtotheircareersfromthetrueaddicts.Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments.Newerdiagnostictestsattempttosingleoutthosewho,amongotherbehaviors,bingeandthensufferfromwithdrawal—justassomeonewouldwith,say,agamblingorcocainehabit.

Evenasthepreciseoutlinesofworkaholismremainabitfuzzy,variousstudieshavetriedtoidentifyitsphysicalandemotionaleffects.AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression.Thatistosaynothingofitstollonfamilymembers.Perhapsunsurprisingly,spousesofworkaholicstendtoreportunhappinesswiththeirmarriages.Havingaworkaholicparentishardlybetter.Astudyofcollegeundergraduatesfoundthatchildrenofworkaholicsscored72percenthigheronmeasuresofdepressionthanchildrenofalcoholics.Theyalsoexhibitedmore-severelevelsof“prettification"—atermfamilytherapistsuseforsonsanddaughterswho,asthepaperputit,’’areparentstotheirownparentsandsacrificetheirownneeds...toaccommodateandcarefortheemotionalneedsandpursuitsofparentsoranotherfamilymember."

Howmanypeoplearetrueworkaholics?Onerecentestimatesuggeststhatabout10percentofU.S.adultsmightqualify;theproportionisashighas23percentamonglawyers,doctors,andpsychologists.Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare:in1998,27percentofCanadianstoldthecountry'sSocialSurveythattheywereworkaholics,including38percentofthosewithincomesover$80,000,(Evenamongthosewithnoincome,22percentcalledthemselvesworkaholics!Presumablysomewerebusyhomemakersandstudents.)

Theconditionmaywellhaveacertainsocialcachet;asthepsychologistBryanRobinsononcepartinworkadditionmightbe“thebest-dressedmentalhealthproblem”ofthemall.Inoneoftherareeconomicsstudiesonthesubject,researchersfoundthattheeducatedandaffluentweremuchmorelikelythanlower-incomeAmericanstoputoffretirement,apossiblesignofworkaholisminaddition.Suchdelayedretirementcertainlygivesnewmeaningtothephrase“worktodeath”.Forwhatitisworth,theconceptwouldnotraisemanyeyebrowsinJapan,wheregruelingjobhourshavelongbeenanorm,andthereisawordfordeathbyoverwork-karoshi.Thecountry’scourtshaveevenrecognizeditasabasisforwrongful-deathsuits.

1.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutWayneOatesaretrueEXCEPTthat（）.

2.Whatisthedefinitionofworkaholicsgivenbytheseminal1992paper?

3.WhichofthefollowingresultisNOTrelatedtoworkaholism?

4.Whatcanbeimpliedfrom"whetherornottheyactuallyare'’inthefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hethoughtworkaholismwasnotsociallyrespectable

B.hehadwritten57books

C.hebroughtthetermworkaholictotheworld

D.headmittedhisownadditiontowork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thosewhoworkwillinglyandhappily

B.thosewhoworkhardandhappily

C.thosewhoworkunwillinglyandunhappily

D.thosewhoworkhardandunhappily

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepdisorder

B.Weightloss

C.Depressionandanxiety

D.Unhappymarriages

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nobodyishardworkingatall.

B.Somepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

C.Allthepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

D.Somepeopleprefertoberegardedashardworking.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thereasonswhypeoplebecomeworkaholics.

B.Thedefinitionandharmofworkaholism.

C.Thecountriesthathavethemostworkaholics.

D.Themethodsofnotbeingaworkaholic.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)WayneOates的描述不對(duì)？”文章第一段提到他寫(xiě)了57本書(shū)（First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books），因此選項(xiàng)B的描述是正確的，排除；第一段提到他創(chuàng)造了workaholic這個(gè)詞(hehadcoinedthewordworkaholic),因此選項(xiàng)C的描述是正確的，排除；第一段提到他承認(rèn)自己沉迷于工作（heconfessedthathisownadditiontoindustriousness），因此選項(xiàng)D的描述是正確的，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“1992年的那篇論文對(duì)工作狂的定義是什么？”文章第二段提到1992年的研究認(rèn)為工作狂是那些不僅強(qiáng)迫自己工作并且不享受工作的人（Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyments），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是工作狂導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果？”文章第三段第二句話提到與工作狂相關(guān)的問(wèn)題有睡眠問(wèn)題、體重增加、高血壓、焦慮和抑郁（AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“第四段中的‘他們是否是真的（是工作狂）’暗示了什么？”文章第四段提到有更多人傾向于稱(chēng)他們自己是工作狂，不論他們是不是（Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare），即無(wú)論他們是不是真正的工作狂，都希望被別人看到熱衷于工作，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要講述了工作狂這個(gè)詞的由來(lái)，它的定義，以及它所帶來(lái)的不良后果，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

21.單選題

IfI______forajob,I______theadvertisementcolumnseverymorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.waslooking...hadread

B.werelooking...couldread

C.looked…shouldhadread

D.werelooking...wouldread

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)句子中的關(guān)鍵詞everymorning“每天早上”可知，本句考查的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句中動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用were，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為should/would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，所以A、C兩項(xiàng)可以排除；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選擇would最符合句意。句意：如果我在找工作，我會(huì)每天早上看廣告欄。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】compulsoryschooling指義務(wù)教育,為習(xí)慣用法。compelling引人注目的；forced強(qiáng)迫的；obliged感激的,有責(zé)任的；compulsory義務(wù)的,必修的。句意：和在英國(guó)其他地方一樣,蘇格蘭的義務(wù)教育從5歲開(kāi)始,到16歲結(jié)束。選項(xiàng)D正確。

23.單選題

Maggietiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit（）whenshewastryingtogotosleep.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sounding

B.humming

C.ticking

D.ringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:sound“作聲，發(fā)聲，響”；B:hum“發(fā)連續(xù)低沉的聲音（如蜜蜂、馬達(dá)的嗡嗡聲）”；C:tick“發(fā)出滴答聲”；D:ring“鳴，發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音”。句意：麥琪躡手躡腳走過(guò)來(lái)把鐘拿走了，因?yàn)樗憛捲谧约合胨X(jué)的時(shí)候聽(tīng)它滴答地響。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，修飾的是鬧鐘聲，故C為正確答案。

24.單選題

Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt（）butlonely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothing

B.anything

C.all

D.everything

【答案】B

【解析】不定代詞的用法。nothingbut只有，只不過(guò)；anythingbut根本不，絕不；allbut幾乎，差一點(diǎn)兒；沒(méi)有everythingbut的用法，排除。句意：他獨(dú)自一個(gè)人在一所廢棄的房子里，忙于研究工作，一點(diǎn)兒也不感到孤獨(dú)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

25.案例題

Feelingstressedoutlately?Hasthedoctorsaidhecannotfindanythingwrongwithyou?Perhapshesentyoutoahospital,butallthe（1）equipmentthereshowthatthereisnothingwrong.

Thenconsiderthis,youmightbeina（2）ofsub-health.Sub-health,alsocalledthethirdstate,is（3）asaborderlineslatebetweenhealthanddisease.AccordingtoaninvestigationbytheNationalHealthOrganization,over45percentofsubhealthypeoplearemiddle-agedorelderly.Thepercentageisevenhigheramongpeoplewhoworkinmanagement（4）aswellasstudentsaroundexam-time.Thismaybeduetotheirheightened（5）tostress.

Symptomsincludea（6）ofenergy,depression,slowreactions,insomnia,agitationand（7）memory.Othersymptomsincludeshortnessofbreath,sweatingandachinginthewaistandlegs.

Accordingtosomemedicalexperts,the（8）topreventingandrecoveringfromsub-healthistoformgoodlivinghabits.（9）workwithrest,exerciseregularly,andtakepartin（10）airactivitieswillallhelp.

Asformeals,peopleare（11）toeatlesssaltandsugar.Theyshouldalsoeatmorefreshvegetables,fruitsandfishbecausetheyarerichinnutritious（12）,suchasvitamins,whichare（13）tothebody.

Nutritionexpertspointoutthatitisnotgoodtoeattoomuchatonemealbecauseitmaycause（14）changesinthedigestivetract.Theyalsosaythata（15）dietisveryhelpfulinavoidingsub-health.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

position

define

forgetful

fancy

key

balance

importance

unhealthy

lack

subject

open

plenty

exposure

alternate

element

state

require

poor

advise

indispensable

【答案】1.fancy

2.state

3.defined

4.position

5.exposure

6.lack

7.poor

8.key

9.alternate

10.open

11.advised

12.elements

13.indispensable

14.unhealthy