考研考博-英語-中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hardly（）openedtheletter（）rushedoutofthehouse,wildwithjoy.

問題1選項

A.didhe,whenhe

B.hadhe,whenhe

C.hadhe,didhe

D.didhe,hewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)Hardly在句首時，為固定的倒裝，且和when搭配，為Hardly…when…，可排除C選項。空格后open是實義動詞且已經(jīng)是ed形式，證明之前不能使用did（使用did，open要相對應(yīng)的使用原型），排除A,D選項，句意：他一打開信，就欣喜若狂地沖出了房子。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Becauseof（）waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.

問題1選項

A.incomprehensible

B.incomparable

C.inconceivable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項incomprehensible“費解的，無限的”，B項incomparable“無比的，不能比較的”，C項inconceivable“不可思議的，難以置信的”，D項incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”；根據(jù)后文“這對夫婦相處起來有些困難”可知，D項符合語境。句意：由于生活方式不相容，這對夫婦很難相處。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

他曾在許多著名的美術(shù)家門下學(xué)習(xí)。這些美術(shù)家中的一些渴望描述社會下層居民的生活。

只有通過這些科目考試的人才能擔(dān)任政府官員。

有證據(jù)證明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)過著一種復(fù)雜的社會生活，但具體的細(xì)節(jié)尚不清楚。

人們抱著一夜暴富的心理借錢賭牌。

肥沃的土地和豐富的植物提供了豐富的糧食，維護(hù)了社會的穩(wěn)定。

【答案】Hewasoncelearnedfrommanyfamousartists,someofwhomdesiredtodescribelivesofpeoplefromthelowerclass.

Onlypeoplewhopasstheseexamscanbecomegovernmentofficials.

Evidenceshowsthatchimpanzeesliveacomplexsociallife,butsomespecificdetailsarestillnotclear.

Peopleborrowmoneytogamblewiththethoughtofbecomingrichovernight.

Fertilesoilandabundantplantsprovideusenoughfoodandsustainthesociety'sstability.

4.單選題

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

問題1選項

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項turnoff“關(guān)掉”；B選項wardoff“避開、擋住”；C選項triggeroff“引起、激起”；D選項calloff“取消、放棄”，句意為：安德森伸出雙臂擋住鯊魚的攻擊，但鯊魚咬住他的右前臂，潛入水中。wardoff“避開、擋住”符合題意，因此選B。

5.單選題

Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.

問題1選項

A.dashed

B.filed

C.strolled

D.swarmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。flockinto表示“大批地涌進(jìn)，成群結(jié)隊涌到”；A項dash“猛沖，匆忙”，B項file“提出（申請），把……歸檔”，C項stroll“散步，閑逛”，D項swarm“成群來回移動，蜂擁而至”。句意：成千上萬的人離開農(nóng)村，涌入城市，住在新工廠旁邊。根據(jù)句意可知，該題D項正確。

6.單選題

Atthebeginningofthissemester,ourEnglishteacher（）alistofbooksforustoread.

問題1選項

A.passedon

B.fishedout

C.handedin

D.madeout

【答案】D

【解析】passedon傳遞,

通過,

去世；fishedout摸索出；handedin上交,

呈送；madeout說明,

填寫,

理解。句意：新學(xué)期開始的時候,

我們的英語老師就列出了需要我們讀的書的清單。madeoutalistof...指列出...的清單,

選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Thatisindeedaharshstandard,andnottheoneIwanttogovernmylifeorthoseofotherpeople.

問題1選項

A.benefit

B.affect

C.damage

D.direct

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。govern在句中是“管理，統(tǒng)治”，A選項benefit“有利于”；B選項affect“影響”；C選項damage“毀滅，損害”；D選項direct“指導(dǎo)，管理”。句意：那的確是一個嚴(yán)厲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而不是我想要的可以用來指導(dǎo)我的生活或其他的人的生活的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)句意D項正確。

8.單選題

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

問題1選項

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“細(xì)菌”，根據(jù)destroyedfilesincomputers“破壞電腦中的文件”，可知此處說的是電腦病毒。句意：米麗莎是一種電腦……，它能夠摧毀電腦中的文件，困擾了成千上萬的全球用戶。故正確答案為選項B。

9.單選題

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

問題1選項

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項estimated“（對數(shù)量、成本等的）估計”；B選項suspected“懷疑；覺得（尤指壞事可能屬實或發(fā)生）”；C選項predicted“預(yù)言”；D選項deduced“推斷”。句意：從和她的談話中我______她有一個大家庭。根據(jù)語境，通過談話得出她有一個大家庭，談話中得出信息和事實，deduced“推斷”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個年輕的副經(jīng)理,他已被選中為提拔對象。

考查名詞辨析。Interruption中斷時間,打擾,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晉升;consideration仔細(xì)考慮,深思,斟酌;intuition直覺力,(一種)直覺。故B符合句意。

11.單選題

WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe（）andgoanotherday.

問題1選項

A.probable

B.reliable

C.flexible

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。probable可信的；reliable可靠的；flexible靈活的；feasible可行的。句意：我們已經(jīng)安排好星期五去看電影，但我們可以靈活調(diào)整，改天去也行。選項C符合句意。

12.單選題

GivingEmployeesWhatTheyWant:TheReturnsareHugeDavidSirota,co-authorofTheEnthusiasticEmployee:HowCompaniesProfitbyGivingWorkersWhatTheyWant,findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors.Hetoldus:"Peopleatworkhavevariousbasicgoals.First,theywanttobetreatedfairly.Employeeswanttoknowtheyaregettingwhatisnormallydefinedascompetitivepay.IfIfeelunderpaid,thereisnotmuchanorganizationcandotoboostmymorale.Second,employeeswantasenseofachievementfromwork.Thekeyelementistobeproudofyourjobandproudoftheorganizationforwhichyouaredoingit.Thethirdelementiscamaraderie.Thisisalsonotmentionedmuchinourfield,butit’skey——notonlyinthesenseofhavingafriend,butworkingwelltogetherasateam.”

And,hesays,thereareanumberofotherthingscompaniescandotoboostmorale:“First,providesecurity.Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.Thereareanumberofstepsyoucantakebeforemakingpeopleredundant.

Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline.Theteamcouldlookatqualityandatwhateverkindsofmaintenanceandsupportwereneeded,anditcoulddecidehowtorotateworkers.Asopposedtotheusualtop-downmanagement,thisapproachistremendouslysatisfyingforworkers,andthusreducestheneedforbureaucracybecausethepeopleessentiallyaremanagingthemselves.

“Recognitionisalsoimportant.Organization-wideawardsshouldbeliketheNobelPrize,wherepeersareinvolvedintheselectionoftheindividualswhoreceivetheawardforoutstandingachievement,notday-to-daywork.

“Thetraditionalmeritpaysystemswithanappraisalandpayincreasearequitenegative.Workersfeelnorelationbetweenwhattheydoandtheirpayincrease.Arewardhastobefeltassuch.Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency.

“Inthe1980sand1990s,wehadareactiontoparticularformsofmanagement.Wetalkaboutfourkinds:thefirstoneispaternalism,whereworkersaretreatedaschildren.Thenthereisadversarial,whereworkersaretheenemy.Thenthereistransactional,whereworkersarelikeciphers.Managementdoesnotknowwhattheyarelikeasindividuals.Theattitudeis,‘Wepaidyou,nowweareeven.Wedon’toweyouanything.’That’swheremostcompanieshavegonetoday.Loyaltyisdead.

“Thefourthiswhatwehavebeentalkingabout,whichisthepartnershiporganization.ItdoesnotmeanthatbecauseIpaidyou,wearenoweven.Youdon’ttreatpartnersthatwaybecauseyoumightneedthemtohelpyououtsometime,andtheymightneedyou.It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies.”

1.Inparagraph1,whateffectofhighmoraleismentioned?

2.WhichofthesedoesSirotasuggestisgoodreactionforacompanywithfinancialproblems?

3.HowdidToyotamotivateworkersonassemblylines?

4.Howshouldbonusesbeawarded,accordingtoSirota?

5.What,nowadays,isthetypicalmanagement-workerrelationship?

問題1選項

A.Employeesstaywiththecompanylonger.

B.Employeesworkharderthantheircounterpartsinothercompanies.

C.Companiesproducebetterresultsthantheirrivals.

D.Companieswithhighmoralearemorerespected.

問題2選項

A.Reducingtheworkforce.

B.Outsourcingtoreducecosts.

C.Reducingtherewardspackages.

D.Transferringemployeestootherjobs.

問題3選項

A.Byaskingmanagerstotaketurnstoperformasworkers.

B.Bylettinggroupsofworkersmakedecisionsontheirworkorganization.

C.Byallowingteamstotakeoverthewholeprocessofproduction.

D.Byrewardingthemforachievingtheirproductiontarget.

問題4選項

A.Theyshouldbedecidedbypeopleatthesamelevelintheorganization.

B.Theyshouldbegivenonamonthlybasis.

C.Theyshouldbebasesonroutinework.

D.Theyshouldbeawardedasaresultofevaluationfromlinemanagers.

問題5選項

A.Onwhereworkershavetobecaredforbytheirmanagers.

B.Oneofhostility,showingstrongdislikewitheachother.

C.Onewhichispurelyeconomic.

D.Oneofco-operationonequalterms.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“發(fā)現(xiàn)那些員工士氣高的公司比他們的競爭公司經(jīng)營得要好”（findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors），因此可知員工士氣高的公司收益要比競爭對手高，選項C符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到“解雇員工應(yīng)該是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司會采用一些防御辦法。如果公司遇到困難，他們重新培訓(xùn)員工或者從別的承包商那里接工作”（Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.），由此可知選項D“將員工調(diào)整到其他崗位”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段第一二句話提到“當(dāng)工作遇到困難時，建議團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline），接著該段介紹了團(tuán)隊如何來進(jìn)行自我管理，比如決定如何讓員工輪班（decidehowtorotateworkers）。因此選項B符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第五段提到“研究證實了一種‘收益分享’的系統(tǒng)，在這種系統(tǒng)下一組員工不斷進(jìn)行績效評估。如果生產(chǎn)量增加了20%，勞動力增加了10%，那么意味著效率更高”（Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency），由此可知獎勵是根據(jù)員工的工作業(yè)績來定的，選項C符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“它更像成年人之間的一種關(guān)系，不像孩子或者敵人之間的相處模式，而是盟友”（It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies），由此可知選項D“平等的合作關(guān)系”符合題意。

13.單選題

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

問題2選項

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

問題3選項

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

問題4選項

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

問題5選項

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我連著為兩位年邁的老人主持葬禮,正如圣經(jīng)中所說，這兩位老人都是在經(jīng)歷了漫長和完整的人生之后的身體正常耗盡)可知選項A“兩位老人終其天年”與文章意思相符。

2.判斷推理題。題目是問“作者需要為兩位老人辦理喪事的原因有可能是什么。選項A:因為作者想安慰這兩個家，B:因為作者是那個社區(qū)的公務(wù)人員，C:因為作者對死者懷有無限同情和D:因為作者是當(dāng)?shù)亟烫玫哪翈?，并且根?jù)原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的關(guān)鍵詞officiate“主持宗教儀式”和onsuccessivedays“連續(xù)”可知極有可能的原因是選項D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面緊接著說到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(當(dāng)他們的行動計劃引起了壞的結(jié)果時，他們就會相信如果當(dāng)初采取不同的行動計劃，如將母親留在家里以及將計劃延期，那么結(jié)果就會好很多)，由此可知人們通常會對至親的去世感到內(nèi)疚是因為他們認(rèn)為自己對于至親的去世負(fù)有貴任，即選項B。

4.語義題。第四段主要是對我們常常會感到自責(zé)的原因之一的介紹，根據(jù)這—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因為我們非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是說世間的一切都有某發(fā)生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世間的一切都有其發(fā)生存在的原因，故答案選項為C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我們都沒有從那個嬰兒時期形成的觀念中擺脫出來，即一切事件都發(fā)生都取決于我們自身的意念”，故答案選項為D“他們自身的意念是導(dǎo)致一切發(fā)生的根本原因”。

14.單選題

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitive(認(rèn)知的)aging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.

AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofare(過活)betterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelps,too,researcherssay,perhapsbecauseitinstille(灌輸)theconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaieWillisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychological(神經(jīng)心理學(xué)的)terms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorials(輔導(dǎo)課)oninductivereasoningorspatial(空間的)skillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslaterwhentheywerere-tested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohone(磨練)visual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

16.Inthispassage,theauthormainlydiscusses.

17.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(Paragraph1)refersto.

18.Accordingtoresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

19.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthatmighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

20.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat.

問題1選項

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

問題2選項

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalstimulation

D.intellectualfunction

問題3選項

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardsofliving

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

問題5選項

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalaginghasstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】16.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步，定位首尾核心句，第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認(rèn)知衰老存在分歧，但有一些證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步，行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，先提出保持思維活躍能夠減緩智力的衰退，接下來是講研究人員尋找到的保持智力活躍的方法，最后講到年齡帶來的不只是衰老還有智慧，所以答案選D選項“保持智力活力的有效方法”。

A選項“心理刺激在預(yù)防心理衰老中的作用”，心理刺激只是在第二段稍微提了一下，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

B選項“隨著年齡的增長，心智能力逐漸喪失”，這是最后一段的內(nèi)容，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

C選項“心理功能和空間技能之間的關(guān)系”，這只是文章第五段的內(nèi)容，不是文章主要內(nèi)容，這里屬于以偏概全。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞匯推斷題。第一步句中信息，定位到文章第一段第一句話Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人員對于‘使用否則失去’的理念是否適用于認(rèn)知衰老持反對態(tài)度，但有一些證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡相關(guān)的衰退”。第二步，上下文語義銜接，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞but可知兩個句子之間是存在著一個轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前句說隨著年齡的增長某些事不用就會被丟到，這種觀點研究人員持反對態(tài)度，后句是說保持思維活躍可以減緩衰退。從這里可知it指代之物是與mentally相應(yīng)的，所以答案選A選項“智力”。

B選項“認(rèn)知發(fā)展”，我們能夠使用或者失去的不可能是某種事物的發(fā)展，所以答案不能選B，這里屬于曲意理解。

C選項“精神刺激”，理由同B選項。

D選項“智力功能”，文章句子定位到第一段但是D選項是出現(xiàn)在第二段，這里屬于出處錯誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段第二句Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些幸運地避免了慢性疾病的人在智力方面也可能表現(xiàn)得更好，這可能是因為慢性疾病會限制生活方式，使精神狀況更差，也可能是因為金錢可以買到刺激智力的東西，比如旅行”，第三段第一句Educationhelps,too…“教育也有助于……”，第二步綜合理解，能夠經(jīng)常旅游的人說明生活水平是很不錯的，由此可知教育、慢性疾病、生活水平都能夠影響認(rèn)知衰老，所以答案選D選項“以上都是”。

A選項“教育”，B選項“慢性疾病”，C選項“生活水平”，選任何一項都會犯以偏概全的錯誤。

19.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)信息，定位到文章第六段最后一句話…simplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.“僅僅是在家和那些在電視里玩游戲的人比拼智慧”，第二步，綜合理解，玩游戲這里可以算是一種運動，所以答案選A選項“體育運動”。

B選項“社會聯(lián)系”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“嚴(yán)格的日常工作”，定位到文章第四段第一二句Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”靈活性計數(shù)。保持精神活力的人通常不會堅持“他們今天必須像以前一樣做事”，由這里可知死板的日常工作非但不會阻止智力衰退反而會導(dǎo)致智力衰退。

D選項“健康的飲食”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

20.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第五段第二句WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.“當(dāng)威利斯給大約200名技能在過去14年中有所下降的人提供5小時的歸納推理或空間技能輔導(dǎo)時，40%的人恢復(fù)了失去的能力?！?，從這里可知推理歸納和空間技能屬于智力技能，不屬于智慧的范疇，所以C選項“智慧的重要性高于智力技能，如歸納推理和空間技能”錯誤，這里屬于張冠李戴。

A選項“智慧可以被認(rèn)為是一種特殊形式的能力和伴隨著生活經(jīng)驗而來的知識的完全發(fā)展”選項是最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長，你可能會失去一些心智技能，但你也會在一個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升：智慧”的同義替代。

B選項“即使智力老化的過程已經(jīng)開始，智慧仍然可能增長”定位到最后一段第二句話Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“盡管隨著年齡的增長，你可能會失去一些心智技能，但你也會在一個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域得到提升：智慧”，所以B選項正確。

D選項“智慧是腦力的重要組成部分”，定位到最后一段第三句Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continues…“智慧的增長——寬泛地定義為伴隨生活經(jīng)歷而來的智力能力的成熟——仍在繼續(xù)……”從這里可知智慧是智力能力的成熟，智力和大腦有關(guān)，所以D選項正確。

15.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項exact“準(zhǔn)確的，精密的；精確的”；C選項acute“敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；D選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的”。句意：盡管大多數(shù)鳥類只有微不足道的嗅覺，但是它們卻有敏銳的視覺。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

16.單選題

Shewasafraidthatunlessthetrainspeededupshewouldloseher（

）

toScotland.

問題1選項

A.ticket

B.place

C.seat

D.connection

【答案】D

【解析】loseone’sconnectionto...誤了到...地方去的（汽車、火車、輪船的）聯(lián)運。句意：她很擔(dān)心，除非火車加快速度，否則她將錯過去蘇格蘭的聯(lián)運。選項D符合句意。

17.單選題

（）thisdulllife,thefull-timemomdecidedtofindapart-timejob.

問題1選項

A.Tiedupwith

B.Fedupwith

C.Wrappedupin

D.Piledupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項tiedupwith“和……有密切關(guān)系”，B項fedupwith“受夠了；極厭惡”，C項wrappedupin“醉心于……的；全心照料……的”，D項piledupwith“堆滿”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dulllife（沉悶的生活）可知，空格處填入“厭倦”最合適。句意：厭倦了這種枯燥的生活，全職媽媽決定找一份兼職工作。因此，該題B項正確。

18.單選題

Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto（

）

問題1選項

A.theother

B.anyother

C.another

D.other

【答案】A

【解析】句意:討論中，雙方未達(dá)成協(xié)議，因為雙方都不愿意讓步。

代詞辨析。由句中neitherside推斷出有兩方，兩方中另一方用theother。

19.單選題

Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe（）innotime.

問題1選項

A.eliminated

B.abandoned

C.diminished

D.withdrawn

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我們相信該地區(qū)的文盲現(xiàn)象將很快消除。

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式。eliminate消除;排除;abandon放棄;遺棄；diminish減少;縮??；withdraw撤退;收回。空格處的邏輯主語是illiteracy(文盲現(xiàn)象)，因此A正確。

20.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

問題2選項

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

問題3選項

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

問題4選項

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者如何評價柏林的夢想機(jī)場？說話者提到該機(jī)場成了德國人的笑話，因此D選項“這在德國人中成了一個笑話”與錄音原文表述一致。A選項“它現(xiàn)在是歐洲最大最繁忙的機(jī)場”錄音中并沒有信息提及，并且這個機(jī)場尚未竣工，所以A選項可排除；B選項“它是德國歷史上管理最差的機(jī)場”利用錄音中perpetualmismanagement設(shè)干擾，錄音只是提到機(jī)場長期管理不善，但無法知道是不是德國歷史上最差的，因此排除B選項；C選項“它已經(jīng)成為德國效率的典型象征”，錄音提到德國因為效率而聞名，但現(xiàn)在這個機(jī)場錯漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C選項明顯錯誤。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問為何柏林需要一個新機(jī)場？錄音提到，重新統(tǒng)一后的柏林需要一個比現(xiàn)