考研考博-英語-上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereis|oneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

GhostshipsAutonomouscargovesselscouldsetsailwithoutacrewunderthewatchfuleyeofcaptainsinshore-basedsimulators

Militarydronesalreadyflyfrequentmissionsandcivilianoperationsusingunmannedaircraftarecoming.Driverlesscarsareclockingupthousandsoftestmiles.(41)Indeed,themaritimeindustryhasstartedtothinkaboutwhatwouldberequiredtolaunchalatter-dayMarieCdeste.

(42)Thebridgesofsomemodernvesselsarenowmorelikelytocontaincomputerscreensandjoysticksthanenginetelegraphsandagiantship’swheel.ThelatestsupplyshipsservingtheoffshoreoilandgasindustryintheNorthSea,forinstance,usedynamicpositioningsystemswhichcollectdatafromsatellites,gyrocompasses,andwindandmotionsensorstoautomaticallyholdtheirpositionwhentransferringcargo(alsodonebyremotecontrol)toandfromplatforms,evenintheheaviestofswells.

(43)Asintheairandontheroad,robustcontrolsystemswillbeneededtoconformtoexistingregulations.

Themaritimeindustryisinterestedincrewlessshipsfortworeasons.Thefirstissafety.Mostaccidentsatseaaretheresultofhumanerror,justastheyareincarsandplanes.(44)

Thesecondreasonis,ofcourse,cost.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttosignupcompetentcrewpreparedtospendmonthsawayatsea.Moreover,somevoyagesarelikelytogetevenlongerforshipscarryingnon-urgentcargo.Bysomeaccounts,a30%reductioninspeedbyabulkcarriercansavearound50%infuel.(45)Removingthecrew,though,alsoremovestheneedfortheiraccommodationanditsassociatedequipment,likeheatingandplumbing.Andthatprovidesroomtocarrymorecargo.

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.

【答案】41.C

42.A

43.F

44.B

45.E

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.A.像飛機(jī)和汽車一樣，船舶越來越多地由電子系統(tǒng)控制，這使得自動化更容易。

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.B.因此，如果人工操作員被先進(jìn)的傳感器和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)取代，自動駕駛船舶理論上應(yīng)該會使航運(yùn)更安全。

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?C.那么，為什么不讓遙控船只在沒有船員的情況下啟航呢？

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.D.類似的東西也被提議用于自主民用無人機(jī)，讓地面飛行員對通信和空中交通管制指令做出反應(yīng)，就像他們在駕駛艙里一樣。

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.E.這意味著減速航行可以大幅節(jié)省燃料成本，但這將以增加船員在這些長途航行中的支出為代價(jià)，包括工資和船上所需的“酒店”設(shè)施。

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.F.然而，就像無人駕駛飛機(jī)和無人駕駛汽車一樣，在無人駕駛船舶起航之前，需要克服的與其說是技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)，不如說是監(jiān)管和安全方面的擔(dān)憂。

41.前一句提到“無人駕駛汽車的測試?yán)锍桃堰_(dá)數(shù)千英里”，后一句說到“海運(yùn)業(yè)已經(jīng)開始考慮建造現(xiàn)代的船舶需要什么條件”，從中可以推測，空格這一句應(yīng)該是問無人駕駛的船舶，C項(xiàng)正確。

42.該段第二句提到“現(xiàn)在，一些現(xiàn)代船只的船橋上更有可能裝有電腦屏幕和操縱桿，而不是發(fā)動機(jī)電報(bào)和巨型輪船的輪子”，并且后面用北海海上石油和天然氣行業(yè)服務(wù)的船舶舉例，來描述船舶上的電子系統(tǒng)控制，所以該段第一句與電子系統(tǒng)控制有關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

43.根據(jù)該段第二句“就像在空中和道路上一樣，魯棒控制系統(tǒng)將需要符合現(xiàn)有法規(guī)（existingregulations）”，可知這一段與上一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，這一段描寫的是無人駕駛船舶將遇到的一些問題，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)正確。

44.該段講的是海運(yùn)業(yè)對無船員船舶感興趣的其中一個(gè)原因，即安全，所以最后一句也是對安全的描述，只有B項(xiàng)符合。

45.該段講的是海運(yùn)業(yè)對無船員船舶感興趣的另外一個(gè)原因，即成本，所以該段都是對成本的闡述，E項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

We（）thathecannotfinishtheworkbeforeJune15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosecute

B.meddle

C.presume

D.mingle

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：我們他不能在六月十五號之前完成工作。prosecute起訴；meddle干涉；presume假設(shè)，認(rèn)為；mingle使混合，與……交往。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe（

）bythisdevice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fired

B.ignited

C.inspired

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。fire意為“射擊，開火”；ignite意為“燃燒，著火，點(diǎn)燃”；inspire意為“激勵(lì)，鼓舞”；expire意為“期滿”。

句意：洲際導(dǎo)彈的燃料應(yīng)該由這個(gè)裝置來點(diǎn)燃。

4.單選題

Therearestillsome（）forstudentsofscienceandengineering,butthoseinartsandhumanitieshavebeenfilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.positions

B.vacancies

C.categories

D.applications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)positions“位置”；B選項(xiàng)vacancies“空缺額”；C選項(xiàng)categories“類別”；D選項(xiàng)applications“應(yīng)用”。句意：理工科的學(xué)生仍然有空缺，但藝術(shù)和人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生已經(jīng)招滿了。本句表示學(xué)生名額有空缺。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.寫作題

Wearepayingmoreattentiontothevulnerable(weak)groupsofpeopleinoursociety,suchasthedisabled,thesickelderly,thedivorcedmothers,andchildrenwithrural-workerparentsinbigcities,andetC.Whatisyourattitudetowardsthem?Pleasegiveyouropinion.Youmayfocusonaparticulargrouporthevulnerableasawholegroup.Writeapassageabout200words.Youmustshowyourclearpointofviewwithsufficientsupportingpoints.Youshouldhaveyourowntitle.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Despitethesuspect’s（）tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assertion

B.conviction

C.speculation

D.accusation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assertion“斷言；主張；認(rèn)定”；B選項(xiàng)conviction“定罪；確信；堅(jiān)定的信仰”；C選項(xiàng)speculation“投機(jī)；推測；思索”；D選項(xiàng)accusation“控告；譴責(zé)”。句意：盡管嫌疑犯（）自己無辜，但他參與了此事證據(jù)確鑿。根據(jù)語境，嫌疑犯assertion“斷言；主張；認(rèn)定”自己無辜比較合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThestrangestweatheroflastyearwaspossiblynotonEarth,butontheSun.Every11years（1）theSungoesthroughacycleofsunspots——actuallymagneticstormseruptingacrossitssurface.Thenumberofsunspots（2）itsminimumin2007and（3）haveincreasedsoonafterwards,buttheSunhasremainedstrangelyquietsincethen.Scientistshavebeenbaffledasweeksandsometimesmonthshavegonebywithoutasinglesunspot,in（4）isthoughttobethedeepestsolarminimumforalmost100years.

This（5）ofsolaractivitymeansthatcosmicraysreachingEarthfromspacehaveincreasedandtheplanet’sionosphereintheupperatmospherehassunkin（6），givinglessdragonsatellitesandmakingcollisionsbetweenthemandspacejunkmorelikely.ThesolarminimumcouldalsobecoolingtheclimateonEarthbecauseofslightlydiminishedsolarirradiance.Infact,thequietspellontheSunmaybe（7）someofthewanningeffectsofgreenhousegases,accountsforthesomewhatflattemperaturetrendofthepastdecade.But（8）ifthissolarminimumisoffsettingglobalwarming,scientistsstressthattheoveralleffectisrelativelyslightandcertainlywillnotlast.

TheSunhasgoneintolongquietspellsbefore.From1645to1715fewsunspotswereseenduringaperiodcalledtheLittleIceAge，whenshortsummersandsavagewintersoftenplaguedNorthernEurope.Scotlandwashitparticularly（9）asharvestswereruinedincold,miserablesummers,whichledtofamine,death,migrationandhugedepopulation.ButwhetherthequietSunwasentirelytoblameforitremainshighly（10）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andso

B.orso

C.onso

D.soon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.increased

B.got

C.reduced

D.reached

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.could

C.would

D.might

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.what

D.how

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.lack

C.number

D.amount

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.high

B.height

C.altitude

D.space

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.causing

C.decreasing

D.masking

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.what

C.incase

D.still

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.hard

B.severe

C.harsh

D.heavy

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.certain

B.unlikely

C.likely

D.uncertain

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】（1）考查詞組辨析。andso“因此”；orso“大約，左右”；“onso不屬于常規(guī)詞組；soon“等等”?？崭袂啊?1years”與數(shù)字相關(guān)，因此orso更符合句意。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（2）考查動詞辨析。increase“增加；增長”；get“獲得”；reduce“減少”；“reach“達(dá)到”。句中number與minimum的關(guān)系只能是達(dá)到，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（3）考查語法知識。but后面表示現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是“太陽一直出奇地平靜”，而空格前后表示“本應(yīng)該上升”，所以此處應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣表示。shouldhavedone表示“本來應(yīng)該……，卻……”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（4）考查語法知識。從句缺少主語，選項(xiàng)中只有what可以充當(dāng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（5）考查上下文語義。上一段提到，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在是100年來最低太陽黑子值，也就是說缺少太陽活動。因此B選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ack”符合題意。

（6）考查近義詞辨析。high“高的”，常見為修飾詞用法；height“高度”；altitude“海拔高度”；space“空間；太空”。本句表示，上面大氣層的行星電離層的高度下降了，應(yīng)選擇height。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（7）考查動詞辨析?！皌hequietspellontheSun”與“someofthewanningeffects”之間的關(guān)系用mask“掩蓋”更合適。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（8）考查固定搭配。evenif“即使；雖然”；whatif“假使……將會怎樣”。C和D選項(xiàng)不與if搭配。根據(jù)句意“即使這個(gè)最小值抵消了溫室效應(yīng)……”，可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查詞語辨析?？崭裰性~用來修飾前面的hit，應(yīng)為副詞。而選項(xiàng)中只有hard“猛烈地”和heavy“大量地；笨重地”。句中as“像……一樣”表明空格中詞語與havestswereruinedincoldmiserablesummers表示相同意思，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（10）考查語義。上文提到了“太陽的靜止”期間發(fā)生了種種事件，句末由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but引導(dǎo)，說明句中提到“這是否歸罪于太陽的靜止”這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)是“尚不明確的”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Toreadanewbook,yousimplyneedgoodlight,timeandtherightframeofmind.Buttoreadanewsoftwarepackage,youneedathousandpounds’worthofhardware,considerablecomputerknowledge,plentyoftimeand,mostimportantofall,endlessdetermination.

Generallyspeaking,allbooksareverymuchalike,andtheexperiencedreaderhasnodifficultycopingwithanunfamiliarbook.Butimaginehowfrustratingitwouldbeifyouhadtomakeamentaladjustment,ifyouhadtoreadinadifferentwayeverytimeyoureadabookfromadifferentpublisher,yetthisisexactlywhatitislikewhenyouuseanewsoftwarepackage.

Youcanbeencouragedinagoodbookwithinaminute,butgettingnewsoftwarerunningtakesages.Learningtouseanewpieceofsoftwareisliketryingtorideatrickbicycle,onwhichthehandlebarshaveareverseaction.Itlookseasierthanitreallyis.Thisispartlybecauseyoumustfirstunlearnwhatyou’velearntonthelastpackage;notwopackagesusethecontrolcharactersonthekeyboardinquitethesameway.Howmucheasieritwouldbeiftherearesomestandardstowhichallsoftwarewritersadhered!

Sinceyoucan’trelyonyourpreciousexperience,theonlywaytounderstandyournewsoftwarepackageistorelyonthemanual.Somesoftwaremanualsarewrittenwiththebeginnerinmindandhaveexplicitinstructionwithwell-designedexercisesthatleadyougentlyonfromstagetostage.Butmostassumethatyouarealreadyanexpert,andhavecomplicatedexplanationswhichonlyconfuseandirritateyou.Allrequireafullsetoffingersandthumbstomarkpageswhilehuntingoutinformation.Yes,perhapstheinformationisinthemanual,butwhere?

1.Whenlearningtouseanewsoftwarepackageyoumayprobablyfeel（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsthetrickbicycle,onwhichthehandlebarshaveareverseaction,inordertoshow（

）.

3.Howcouldasoftwarepackagebecomeeasiertousersaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatisthemostcommonprobleminsoftwaremanualsaccordingtothepassage?

5.Theword“explicit”underlinedinparagraph4probablymeans“（

）”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.frustrated

B.encouraged

C.engrossed

D.dismayed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.howdifficultitistolearntorideabicycle

B.itisimpossibletolearntoridethisbicycle

C.howdifficultitistolearnanewsoftwarepackage

D.toleamtorideabicycleisthesamethingastoleamanewsoftwarepackage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Allsoftwarepackagesaremadebythesamesoftwarecompany.

B.Theusersarefamiliarwithallkindsofsoftwarepackages.

C.Therearesomestandardstowhichallsoftwarewritersadhere.

D.Thereisacommitteewhichexaminesallsoftwarepackages.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavecomplicatedexplanationswhicharequitebeyondyourunderstanding.

B.Theyareprintedinverysmallcharacters.

C.Theirinstructionsandexplanationsaretoosimple.

D.Theyarewrittenwiththebeginnerinmind.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.confusing

B.clear

C.complicated

D.involved

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)使用一個(gè)新的軟件包時(shí)，你可能會覺得…’。根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Butimaginehowfrustratingitwouldbeifyouhadtomakeamentaladjustment,ifyouhadtoreadinadifferentwayeverytimeyoureadabookfromadifferentpublisher,yetthisisexactlywhatitislikewhenyouuseanewsoftwarepackage.但是想象一下，如果你必須在思想上做出調(diào)整，如果你每次閱讀不同出版商的書時(shí)都必須以不同的方式閱讀，這將是多么令人沮喪的一件事，而這正是你使用新軟件包時(shí)的情況?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)‘懊惱的，沮喪的’正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘作者提到的自行車車把的反作用，是為了顯示…’。騎特技自行車的例子在文章第三段。第一句是該段的中心句，然后騎特技自行車的例子是為了論證這一句，所以答案在中心句找?！癥oucanbeencouragedinagoodbookwithinaminute,butgettingnewsoftwarerunningtakesages.你可以在一分鐘內(nèi)讀完一本好書，但讓新軟件運(yùn)行起來需要很長時(shí)間。”確定C選項(xiàng)‘學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)新的軟件包有多難’。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，軟件包如何變得對用戶更容易?’。根據(jù)文章第三段中的最后一句“Howmucheasieritwouldbeiftherearesomestandardstowhichallsoftwarewritersadhered!如果有一些所有軟件作者都遵循的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那該多容易啊!”確定C選項(xiàng)‘所有軟件作者都遵循一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，軟件手冊中最常見的問題是什么?’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的第三句“Butmostassumethatyouarealreadyanexpert,andhavecomplicatedexplanationswhichonlyconfuseandirritateyou.但是大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為你已經(jīng)是專家了，并且有復(fù)雜的解釋，這些解釋只會讓你困惑和惱怒。”確定A選項(xiàng)‘他們的解釋很復(fù)雜，你根本無法理解’正確。

5.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第4段下劃線的“explicit”一詞可能是指…’?！癳xplicit”出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段的第二句話中。該句中與“haveexplicitinstruction”并列的是“withthebeginnerinmind站在初學(xué)者的角度”，而后文中是用but表示相反意思的“Butmostassumethatyouarealreadyanexpert,andhavecomplicatedexplanations但是大部分的使用手冊都認(rèn)為你是該領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員，手冊中的解釋都非常復(fù)雜”，所以該詞是與‘complicated’詞義相反，B選項(xiàng)‘清楚的’正確。

9.單選題

Thetelevision（）

betweenthetwocandidateswillbeheldonSunday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argument

B.debate

C.discussion

D.dispute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。argument“論證，論據(jù)”；debate“辯論，爭論”；discussion“討論”；dispute“爭吵”。句意：兩位候選人的電視辯論將在周日舉行。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Thewriterseemsto（）betweenapprovingofCollin’sactionsandfindingthemdisgusting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alter

B.transform

C.vacillate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是:alter更改；transform改變，改觀；vacillate猶豫不定；vibrate振動，擺動。句意:作者似乎在贊成和否定柯林的行為之間舉棋不定。vacillatebetween意為“在…之間搖擺不定”，根據(jù)句意可推出正確答案是C。

11.單選題

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.

10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇，因?yàn)檫@些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行。）以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.（公立學(xué)校必須教育為科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。）由此可知，教育工作之所以會變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜是因?yàn)閭魇趯W(xué)習(xí)的對象并沒有進(jìn)行區(qū)分。因此D選項(xiàng)“教育工作者不得不照顧普通的和有天賦的學(xué)生”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而不能被理解”，B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“難以決定基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校被教授”。在文中均未提及，可排除。故選D。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.（如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人，讓他們盡可能地學(xué)習(xí)，那么我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡單了。）這只是作者的一個(gè)假設(shè)，并沒有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)“教育的一個(gè)主要任務(wù)是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”錯(cuò)誤，與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.（這樣的平衡被過分強(qiáng)調(diào)某一領(lǐng)域所打破。）可知C選項(xiàng)“一些科目在公立學(xué)校中一直被過度強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確，符合題意。同理可推理出B選項(xiàng)“為了有效地教學(xué)，要求教育者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.（因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)民主的國家，所以，必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評判專家的工作。）民主國家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力，而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項(xiàng)“社會的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴發(fā)明者”正確，符合題意。故選A。

11.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.（公眾的注意力不斷地被科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)所吸引，不應(yīng)該允許這些將我們的注意力從健全的，已制定的材料轉(zhuǎn)移開，因?yàn)檫@些材料形成了適合初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課程。）由此可知，初學(xué)者應(yīng)該從最基本的學(xué)習(xí)材料學(xué)起。因此A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該給予基礎(chǔ)知識足夠的重視”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多最新的知識”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏科學(xué)知識將導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和科學(xué)服務(wù)使用者之間產(chǎn)生不好的關(guān)系”，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生正慢慢認(rèn)識到知識學(xué)科之間一種良好平衡的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選A。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒有如此的選擇，因?yàn)檫@些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行）第一段提出教育平衡的話題，第二段和第三段圍繞教育平衡進(jìn)行論述。綜合而知，本文主要是圍繞教育平衡這個(gè)話題展開闡述的。因此C選項(xiàng)“教育平衡”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的教育系統(tǒng)”，B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”，D選項(xiàng)“教授科學(xué)和技術(shù)的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

12.單選題

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flushing

B.blushing

C.brushing

D.crushing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗凈，沖洗”；B選項(xiàng)blush“（因?qū)擂位蚝π撸┠樇t，（因某事）羞愧，尷尬”；C選項(xiàng)brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項(xiàng)brush“壓壞，壓碎”。由Thewastepipeisblocked（污水管塞住了）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義，表示用水沖洗。句意：污水管塞住了，試著用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。

13.單選題

Iftheworldistoremainpeaceful,theutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.collisions

B.combats

C.contradictions

D.conflicts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)collision“沖突，碰撞”，指物理上的碰撞；B選項(xiàng)combat“格斗，搏斗”；C選項(xiàng)contradiction“矛盾，沖突”，指觀點(diǎn)上的沖突；D選項(xiàng)conflict“(武裝)斗爭，沖突”。根據(jù)Iftheworldistoremainpeaceful可知D選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：如果世界要保持和平，各國必須盡最大努力限制地方?jīng)_突。

14.單選題

ThefirstnavigationallightsintheNewWorldwereprobablylanternshungatharborentrances.ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor.Paidforandmaintainedby“l(fā)ightdues”leviedonships,theoriginalbeaconwasblownupin1776.Bythentherewereonlyadozenorsotruelighthousesinthecolony.Littleoveracenturylater,therewere700lighthouses.

ThefirstlighterectedontheWestCoastinthe1850sfeaturedthesamebasicNewEnglanddesign:aCapeCoddwellingwiththetowerrisingfromthecenterorstandingcloseby.InNewEnglandandelsewhere,though,lighthousesreflectedavarietyofarchitecturalstyles.SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule.Someweremadeofstoneandbrick,othersofwoodormetal.Somestoodonpilingsorstilts;somewerefastenedtorockwithironrods.Farthersouth,fromMarylandthroughtheFloridaKeys,thecoastwaslowandsandy.Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry.

Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn).Theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon:akeeperand,usuallythekeeper’sfamily.Thekeeper’sessentialtaskwastrimmingthelanternwickinordertomaintainasteady,brightflame.Theearliestkeeperscamefromeverywalkoflife--theywereseamen,farmers,mechanics,roughmillhands—andappointmentswereoftenhandedoutbylocalcustomscommissionersaspoliticalplums.Aftertheadministrationoflighthouseswastakenoverin1852bytheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard,anagencyoftheTreasuryDepartment,thekeepercorpsgraduallybecamehighlyprofessional.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.WhydoestheauthormentiontheMassachusettsBayColony?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatlighthousesintheNortheastdidnotneedhightowersbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,wherecanthetallestbricklighthouseintheUnitedStatesbefound?

5.Inthesecondsentenceofparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdoestheword“They”referto?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheLighthouseonLittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheLifeofaLighthouseKeeper

C.EarlyLighthousesintheUnitedStates

D.TheModernProfessionofLighthouse-Keeping

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ItwastheheadquartersoftheUnitedStatesLighthouseBoard.

B.Manyofthetallestlighthouseswerebuiltthere.

C.Thefirstlanternwicksweredevelopedthere.

D.ThefirstlighthouseinNorthAmericawasbuiltthere.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.shiptherehadhighmasts

B.coastalwatersweresafe

C.thecoastwasstraightandunobstructed

D.thelighthousewerebuiltonhighplaces

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.LittleBrewsterIsland

B.TheFloridaKeys

C.CapeHatteras

D.CapeCod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lighthouses

B.Differences

C.Quarters

D.Feature

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“以下哪個(gè)最適合做文章的標(biāo)題？”。文章主要介紹了新世界早期的燈塔建設(shè)、特點(diǎn)還有發(fā)展，所以選項(xiàng)C“美國早期的燈塔”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么作者要提到馬薩諸塞灣殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一個(gè)燈塔是馬薩諸塞灣殖民地1716年在波士頓港灣的入口小布魯斯特島建造的”（ThefirstlighthousewasputupbyMassachusettsBayColonyin1716onLittleBrewsterIslandattheentrancetoBostonHarbor），由此可知，選項(xiàng)D“北美第一個(gè)燈塔是在那里建立的”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“從文章中可知東北部的燈塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于東北部的大多數(shù)燈塔都是修建在巖石高地上，所以那里一般沒有很大的高塔”（SincemoststationsintheNortheastwerebuiltonrockyeminences,enormoustowerswerenottherule），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知美國最高的用磚頭修建的燈塔在哪里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的燈塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡羅萊納州哈特拉斯角處的宏偉燈塔那樣的大型建筑。高190英尺，是這個(gè)國家最高的用磚頭修建的燈塔”（Itwasoftennecessarytobuildtalltowersthere—massivestructureslikethemajesticCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,lighthouse,whichwaslitin1870.At190feet,itisthetallestbricklighthouseinthecountry），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“第三段第二句話中的‘they’指什么？”文章第三段第一句話提到“盡管在外表和結(jié)構(gòu)上大部分美國燈塔有幾個(gè)共同特征：有燈、生活住所和一個(gè)鐘表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstandingdifferencesinappearanceandconstruction,mostAmericanlighthousessharedseveralfeatures:alight,livingquartersandsometimesabell(or,later;afoghorn)）；第三段第二句話提到“它們還有別的共同點(diǎn)”（theyalsohadsomethingelseincommon），從這里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Thefirststrokeguidelinestospecificallytargetwomen（）preventionearlierinlifeandrecognizeuniquefemalerisksforthedisorder,includingpregnancyandbirthcontrolpills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglect

B.avoid

C.emphasize

D.admire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。neglect忽視；avoid避免；emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；admire欽佩，贊美。由“andrecognize…認(rèn)識到女性患這種疾病的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”可知___preventionearlierinlife也是積極性的內(nèi)容，C項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：第一份針對早期預(yù)防女性中風(fēng)的指南強(qiáng)調(diào)女性應(yīng)該早期預(yù)防，并認(rèn)識到女性患中風(fēng)的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括懷孕和避孕藥。

16.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’sl