考研考博-英語-山西大同大學考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西大同大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

明末清初之際，中國與歐美國家之間開始了具有近代意義的文化交流，這就是西方近代科學知識的東漸和以儒學為中心的中國傳統(tǒng)文化的西傳。對中國來說，這是繼印度佛教文化傳入中國之后，中國文化又一次大規(guī)模地對外來文化的吸收時期。在明末清初的100多年間，伴隨著西方傳教士的到來，中西文化的相互傳播與交流進入了一個新的歷史時期。

西藏的發(fā)展進步符合人類社會的發(fā)展規(guī)律。由傳統(tǒng)的農牧業(yè)經濟到現代市場經濟，由政教合一至政教分離，由專制到民主，由迷信到科學，由封閉到開放，是人類社會普遍的發(fā)展規(guī)律。西藏60多年的發(fā)展正是遵循了這個規(guī)律和總趨勢。

當今世界正在發(fā)生廣泛而深刻的變化。由于經濟全球化與信息化的發(fā)展，科學技術迅猛進步，世界變成了“地球村”。各國相互聯系，相互依存，利益交融達到了前所未有的程度，需要攜手應對的問題越來越多，互利合作的愿望越來越強，從某種意義上講，世界已是一種“利益共同體”。

【答案】1.ChinabegantohaverealculturalexchangeswithEuropeanandAmericancountriesinthelateMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty,whichiswhatisoftencalledXiXueDongJianinChinese—theintroductionofmodernWesternscience,technologyandculturetoChina—andDongXueXiJianinChinese—theintroductionoftraditionalChineseculturecenteredonConfucianismtotheWest.ThisturnedouttobethesecondperiodforChinatoabsorbandassimilateforeignculturesonalargescalefollowingtheintroductionofIndia’sBuddhistculturetoChina.Inaspanof100yearsbetweenthelateMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty,withthearrivalofWesternmissionaries,thespreadanddiffusionofChineseandWesternculturesbothentereduponanewphaseofhistory.

2.ThedevelopmentandprogressofTibetisinaccordwiththerulesforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Fromtraditionalagricultureandanimalhusbandrytoamodernmarketeconomy,fromtheintegrationofpoliticalandreligiouspowerstotheirseparation,fromautocracytodemocracy,superstitiontoscience,andisolationtoopenness—thesearethegenericlawsforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Overthepast60yearsofitsdevelopment,Tibethasunfailinglyfollowedtheserulesandthegeneraltrend.

3.Theworldtodayisundergoingextensiveandprofoundchanges.Ithasbecome“aglobalvillage”duetotheeconomicglobalization,developmentofinformation,andtherapidadvanceofscienceandtechnology.Countriesaremorecloselylinkedandinterdependentwiththeirinterestsmorecloselyintertwinedthaneverbefore.Therearemoreandmoreissuesthatneedjointresponse,andthereisagrowingdesireformutuallybeneficialcooperation.Tosomeextent,theworldhasbecomeacommunityofinterest.

2.單選題

Thelittlegirlthoughtfailinginexaminationas（

）,soshewasunwillingtotellherparents.

問題1選項

A.humidity

B.humiliation

C.humility

D.humanity

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項humidity“濕度”；B選項humiliation“丟臉，恥辱”；C選項humility“謙卑，謙虛”；D選項humanity“人類，人道”。根據關鍵詞“failinginexamination考試不及格”和動詞“thought認為”可知空格部分為“可恥，恥辱”，句意為：這個小女孩認為考試不及格很可恥，所以沒有告訴她的父母。故正確答案選B。

3.單選題

（

）theway,wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.

問題1選項

A.Theguideled

B.Withtheguideleading

C.Withtheguidetolead

D.Withtheguidelead

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的不定式表示將來或目的，過去分詞表示被動，現在分詞表示主動。句中的guide（導游）與lead（帶領）之間表示主動關系，因此選B。句意：在導游的帶領下，我們在黑夜里步行出發(fā)了。

4.翻譯題

Understandingthistransitionrequiresalookatthetwo-sidedconnectionbetweenenergyandhumanwell-being.Energycontributespositivelytowell-beingbyprovidingsuchconsumerservicesasheatingandlightingaswellasservingasanecessaryinputtoeconomicproduction.Butthecostsofenergy—includingnotonlythemoneyandotherresourcesdevotedtoobtainingandexploitingit,butalsoenvironmentalandsociopoliticalimpacts—detractfromwell-being.

Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitsideoftheenergy-well-beingequation.Inadequacyofenergyresourcesormoreoftenofthetechnologiesandorganizationsforharvesting,converting,anddistributingthoseresourceshasmeantinsufficientenergybenefitsandhenceinconvenience,deprivationandconstraintsongrowth.The1970’s，then,representedaturningpoint.Afterdecadesofconstancyordeclineinmonetarycosts—andofrelegationofenvironmentalandsociopoliticalcoststosecondarystatus—energywasseentobegettingcostlierinallrespects.Itbegantobeprobablethatexcessiveenergycostscouldposethreatsoninsufficientsupply.Italsobecamepossibletothinkthatexpandingsomeformsofenergysupplycouldcreatecostsexceedingthebenefits.

【答案】參考譯文：要理解這種轉變，需要考察一下能源和人類幸福之間的雙重關系。從積極的方面來看，能源促進了人類幸福，不但服務了經濟生產，而且為人類提供了消費服務，如供熱和照明等。但另一方面，能源的成本卻破壞了人類的幸福，它不但包括投入開采和應用能源的資金和其他資源，而且包括能源對環(huán)境和社會政治所造成的影響。

在人類歷史的大部分時間里，其主要關注的是能源和幸福關系的積極方面，能源短缺或者是更為常見的是在開采、轉化和分配能源的技術和組織上的不足減少了能源的積極作用，從而產生能源使用的不便，能源使用權利被剝奪，其發(fā)展也受到限制。20世紀70年代是一個轉折點。此前的幾十年中能源的資金成本一直保持穩(wěn)定甚至有所下降，環(huán)境和社會政治成本在屈居幾十年的次要地位之后，能源在各個方面的成本都在增加。能源使用代價過高的危害可以同能源短缺的危害相提并論。也有可能出現提供某些能源供應所付出的代價要大于獲得的利益這種情況。

5.翻譯題

Wemustcontinuewiththereformintaxandfeeinruralareastolightentheburdensoffarmersandprotecttheirinterests.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairs.Itadvocatesanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Ifwedonotcrackdownoncorruption,theflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthePartyandthepeoplewillsufferalotandthePartywillbeindangeroflosingitsrulingposition,orpossiblyheadingforself-destruction.

Nobodyinanysector,publicorprivate,shouldofferbenefitsunlessforagoodreason.

Damsareadramaticexampleofahumanactivitythatdegradesfreshwaterecosystems.

【答案】為了減輕農民的負擔和保護他們的利益，我們一定要繼續(xù)進行農村稅費改革。

中國在世界事務中不謀求霸權或主導地位。它主張一個新的國際政治和經濟秩序。

如果我們不打擊腐敗，那么黨和人們之間的血肉聯系將會深受其害，并且黨將會處于失去其執(zhí)政地位的危險之中或可能走向自我毀滅。

除非有正當的理由，否則任何部門(公共的或私人的)沒有人應該提供福利。

水壩是人類活動使淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)退化的一個引人注目的例子。

6.單選題

Ⅵ.Internationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasse.Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.Thecomplexityofquestionsabouthumanimpactsontheenvironmentandhowtodecreaseormitigatethemcallsforahighdegreeofspecialization,whileatthesametimerequiringcoordinatedactiononanumberoffronts.Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.Itbecomesincreasinglydifficulttodiscerntheparticularcontributionthatlawcanmaketoenvironmentalprotectionasittakesontheroleofhandmaidentoscience,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems.

Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend;andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.Furthermore,alargenumberofgeneralprinciplesandregime-specificstandardstaketheformofsoftlaw.Attemptstofleshoutaseriesofgeneralrightsandobligationsforstates(andpotentiallyforotheractors,aswell)havebeenongoing,butthoseeffortsseemtohavefalteredwiththepublicationbytheInternationalLawCommission(ILC)ofthe2001DraftArticlesonPreventionofTransboundaryHarmfromHazardousActivitiesandthe2006DraftPrinciplesontheAllocationofLossinthecaseofTransboundaryHarmarisingoutofHazardousActivities.

1.InternationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasseNOTbecause___.

2.Internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedapathfrom___to___.

3.Koskenniemiusesenvironmentallawtoillustrate___.

4.Betweenthetwoendsofinternationalenvironmentallaware___.

問題1選項

A.thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems

B.theunderlyingcausesofthedegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits

C.scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly

D.politicalauthoritieshavenowishtostrictlyregulateenvironment

問題2選項

A.generalrules,clumsyfashion

B.generalrules,interactingwitheachother

C.generalrules,highlyspecializedregimes

D.generalrules,science,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems

問題3選項

A.generallawofstateresponsibility

B.thedemoralizationoflaw

C.theincreasedresorttosoftlaw

D.theheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing

問題4選項

A.seriesofproceduralrules

B.generalprinciples

C.highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandards

D.largelyuninfluentialrules

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據題干定位到第一段Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.（對環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學認識迅速演變。這種退化的根本原因往往是帶來重大社會和經濟利益的活動，其結果是政治當局無意禁止或嚴格管制這些活動；激勵結構往往構成一種更有前途的途徑）可知D選項“政治當局不希望嚴格管理環(huán)境”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的結果，B選項“退化的根本原因往往是那些帶來重大社會和經濟利益的活動”和C選項“對環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學認識迅速演變”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因；第一段Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.（這不足為奇：環(huán)境問題的復雜性，即使撇開潛在的社會、政治和經濟因素考慮，也是驚人的）可知A選項“環(huán)境問題的復雜性”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因。因此D選項符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據題干定位到原文第一段Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.（鑒于這些挑戰(zhàn)，國際環(huán)境法遵循了一條似乎無可避免的軌跡：從模糊性往往妨礙其有用性的一般規(guī)則，到高度專門化的技術制度，側重于界定較窄的現象，并以相當遲疑和呆滯的方式相互作用，以及最近加速跨國，包括非國家，體制建設）可知一般規(guī)則是和高度專門化的技術制度相對應，選C選項“一般規(guī)則，高度專業(yè)化的制度”；A選項“一般規(guī)則，呆滯的方式”，B選項“一般規(guī)則，相互作用”所提到的內容不是互為對應項，D選項“一般規(guī)則、科學、經濟、政治、倫理和其他社會制度”內有內容未提及。因此C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“Koskenniemi”定位到原文第二段開頭Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.（在他討論的管理思維和法律的道德敗壞，Koskenniemi經常借鑒環(huán)境法律，尤其是雕刻的實現和國家責任的一般法律合規(guī)程序，采取軟法的增加，嚴重依賴公平的平衡）可知選B選項“法律的道德敗壞”；A選項“國家責任的一般法律”，C選項“增加對軟法律的求助”以及D選項“嚴重依賴公平平衡”都是借鑒所舉的例子。因此B選項正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞定位到原文第二段andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.（以及在這兩端之間一系列可能有用但不明確（不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力）的程序規(guī)則）可知選A選項“一系列程序規(guī)則”，根據原文可知兩端之間是一系列程序規(guī)則，可能有用但不明確以及不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力都是用于修飾程序規(guī)則，而D選項“基本上沒有影響的規(guī)則”錯誤，該選項只提到了修飾成分，但是核心部分從程序規(guī)則變成了規(guī)則，和原文的范圍不符合；根據原文Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend（對國際環(huán)境法架構的簡要概述顯示，在一端是模糊的、一般的原則；在另一端的專門制度一級闡明了非常詳細和技術性的規(guī)則和標準）可知B選項“一般原則”以及C選項“非常詳細和技術性的規(guī)則和標準”分別是兩端的內容，不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

7.單選題

Mydaughterliaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk（）far.

問題1選項

A./

B.such

C.that

D.as

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我女兒今天己經步行了8英里。我們從未想到她能步行那么遠。

考查連詞辨析。Such是代詞或限定詞表示“這樣（的）”，一般不修飾形容詞；that（與表數量或范圍的形容詞和副詞連用）那樣，那么；as同樣地；和……一樣的。因此C符合句意。

8.單選題

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“l(fā)augh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

問題1選項

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

問題2選項

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

問題3選項

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

問題4選項

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”這些聲音來自于軟腭和喉嚨的其他柔軟結構，是由流入和流出的空氣的振動反應引起的。選項D符合原文。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據第二段倒數第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”張開嘴睡覺的人鼾聲短促。選項C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據原文可知，打鼾是一種無意識的行為，所以選項A錯誤；根據原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知選項C錯誤；選項D在文中沒有提及。所以只有選項B正確。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。結合文章內容可知，作者全文都是在客觀的描述人們打呼嚕的這個問題以及產生的原因和影響，沒有摻雜個人情緒，所以選項A正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Andgivingshouldbestrategicphilanthropyshouldnotsimplyrespondtoneedsbutshouldlookforinvestmentopportunitiesthatyieldsignificancereturns.

2.Whatremainspertinentisthereport’svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.

3.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

4.ThethreatoftheColdWarwasaprimedrivingforceleadingtotheexpansionofU.S.science,nationallabsandacademicinstitutions.

5.Itisworthnotingthatpreventivemeasuresinvolvingsmokinganddietareconvenientlysimilarforcancerandheartdisease;oneexceptionisalcoholariskfactorfortheformer,apreventiveforthelater.

【答案】1.捐贈也應講策略——慈善事業(yè)應該不單是應人之需，而應該覓尋投資機會，以求產生可觀的回報。

2.該報告對政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯，包括他的主張，即聯邦政府既有權力也有義務支持基礎研究。

3.這種需要體現在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，這意味著為了后代的利益，我們必須留下足夠的環(huán)境空間，以滿足他們的需要，施展抱負。

4.冷戰(zhàn)的威脅曾是一個主要的驅動力，它導致了美國科學、國家實驗室以及學術機構團體的擴張。

5.值得注意的是，癌癥和心臟病的預防措施與吸煙和飲食很相似;一個例外是酒精——癌癥的危險因子，但卻是心臟病的預防因子。

10.單選題

TheBushJuntaisusingthe_______ofHurricaneKatrinatocutthewagesofpeopledesperatelytryingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheircommunities.

問題1選項

A.dismantlement

B.devastation

C.scuttle

D.wreckage

【答案】B

【解析】dismemberment分割，肢解;devastation毀壞；scuttle逃避；wreckage失事。句意：布什政府正利用Katrina颶風帶來的破壞，削減那些拼命試圖重建生活和社區(qū)的人們的工資。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Hewasavery____electricianandcouldrepairallkindsofelectricappliance.

問題1選項

A.competent

B.elaborate

C.industrious

D.thrifty

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.competent能干的B.elaborate詳盡的

C.industrious勤勞的D.thrifty節(jié)儉的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞用來形容“他”是一個怎樣的電工，根據后文“能修理各種電器”可知，他是一個能干的電工，A選項competent“能干的”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】他是個非常能干的電工，能修理各種電器。

12.單選題

WeeatourfoodwithchopsticksandtheEuropeans（）knivesandforks.

問題1選項

A.eatwith

B.dowith

C.using

D.with

【答案】D

【解析】考查省略用法。并列句中如果兩個分句有重復處，后面重復部分常常省略。故D項正確。句意：我們用筷子吃東西，而歐洲人用刀和叉。

13.翻譯題

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat.drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【答案】聽戲劇無疑是昂貴的消費。但除非我們放棄社會賦予的選擇權，否則昂貴的東西也并非富人專屬。我們可以選擇讓那些無支付能力的人享有戲劇及其他形式的昂貴文化。但問題是，我們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼觯空l都不會否認，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人類伸出手來也并不只是為了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是為了涂涂畫畫。文化沖動，即通過想象和表征來表達、探索世界的欲望，是人類的基本特點。在歐洲，這種渴望已經在音樂、繪畫、文學和戲劇的杰作中得以實現。這些杰作是衡量我們一切努力的標準，也是人類思想和想象力可能達到的高度。它們包含著人與人之間能夠傳遞的最深刻的信息。

14.單選題

Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowinginterviewwithShermanAlexie,anAmericanIndianpoet.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.

14.WhydidShermanAlexieonlytakedayjobs?

15.Whatwashisoriginalgoalatcollage?

16.Whydidhetakethepoetrywritingclass?

問題1選項

A.Hecouldbringunfinishiedworkhome.

B.Hemighthavetimetopersuehisinterests.

C.Hemightdosomeeveningteaching.

D.Hecouldinvestmoreemotioninhisfamily.

問題2選項

A.Toteachinhighschool.

B.Towritehisownbooks.

C.Tobeamedicaldoctor.

D.Tobeamathematician.

問題3選項

A.Tofollowhisfather.

B.Foraneasygrade.

C.Tochangehisspecialty.

D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

15.單選題

Oh,whatanuisance!It（）soeasyformetobringthosephotographsIwantedtoshowyou,andIhaveleftthemonthetableathome.

問題1選項

A.wouldhavebeen

B.hadbeen

C.wouldbe

D.was

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：真討厭,

我本來很容易就能把那些我想給你看的照片帯過來,

我卻把它們落在家里的桌子上了。wouldhavedone為虛擬語氣,

表示本應該做的事但卻沒有做。

16.問答題

LessonsfromthePandemicThatWasn’tTheswineflupandemicdidn’tturn（1）tobethescourgeinternationalhealthagenciespredicted.OnJan.29theWorldHealthOrganizationdeclaredthateventhoughtheH1N1virusisstillspreadinginpartsofEurope,Africa,andAsia,thenumberofconfirmedcasesworldwideisdeclining.About14,000deathsfromswinefluhavebeenreported.That’satragicloss,butit'sasmallnumberconsideringthattherun-of-the-millseasonalflukillsupto500,000peopleeachyear,accordingtotheWHO.

Sowhathavehealthauthorities,scientists,andvaccinemakerslearnedfromtheglobalcatastrophethatwasn’t?Thatviraloutbreaksofthissortareevenlesspredictablethanscientiststhoughtandthatthedefenses（2）

placetodaywouldhavebeenutterlyinadequateagainstamorevirulentstrain.“TheoverwhelmingexpressionofHINIwasmild,”saysGregoryHartl,aspokesmanfortheWHOinGeneva,“Nowaprocesshasbeenestablishedtohelpuslearn.”

Thefirstpriority,manyexpertssay,isoverhaulingtheantiquatedvaccineproductionsystem.Thecurrenttechnology,whichinvolvesgrowingfluvaccinesineggs,issocumbersomethatdrugmakershavetostartinFebruarytoensurethey'llhaveenoughforthefollowingfall.H1N1didn’temergeuntilApril2009,forcingtheCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC)anddrugcompaniestoscramble.Therewastoolittleofthevaccinewhentheviruswaspeaking,andtoomuchwhenitstartedtowane.“We’reverylimited

（3）

thiseggtechnology,andwehavebeenworkingontheissuesince2006,”saysDr.StephenC.Redd,directoroftheCDC’sinfluenzacoordinationunit.

Companiesanduniversitiesareracingtoupgradetheapproach.BaxterInternationalforexample,testedanewcell-culturetechniqueandwasabletobeginproducingvaccineinjust12weeks,onceithadthevirusspecificationsfromtheCDC.BaxtersoldsomeofthevaccineinEuropeandisworkingtogetitstechnologyapprovedforuseintheU.S.similarly,TexasA&MUniversitySystemisbreakinggroundonamanufacturingresearchplantthatwillhouseseveraldifferentvaccine-makingtechnologies—anyofwhichcouldbestartedupontheflyandadapted（4）

whateverpathogencomesalong.

Manufacturingisjustonebottleneck.Whentheswinefluvaccinefinallybecameavailablelastfall,somedoctorshadnocluehowmuchtheywouldgetorwhenitwouldarrive—ifever.Manystatesopted

（

5）mass-vaccinationclinics,thenfailedtomovehigh-riskgroupssuchaspregnantwomenandhealthworkerstotheheadoftheline.JeanneS.Ringel,asenioreconomistfortheRANDCorporationwhostudiespandemics,wassurprisedbythepoorpreparationatthevaccinationclinicnearherLosAngeleshome.Eventhoughclinicsweresupposedtofocus

（6）

prioritypatients,“theydidn’tturnanyoneaway,”shesays.

McKesson,whichworkedwiththeCDCtogettheH1N1vaccinetoclinics,hadjusteightweekstobuildanewdistributionnetwork,saysJeffReinke,avicepresidentatthecompany.OrderscamefromstatesthroughtheCDCandthentoMcKessen—aprocessthecompanyrealizedwastooslow.McKessentighteneditspackagingandshippingtimelines.Inanemail,ReinkesaidhewelcomestheCDC’sinputoncontinuingtoimprovetheprocess.

Flawedcommunicationsalsostymiedvaccinationefforts.Manypeople（7）

highriskwereafraidtogettheH1N1vaccinebecausetheythoughtitwasunproven.Inreality,itwasmanufacturedjustliketheseasonalfluvaccineandtestedenoughtoreassuretheFoodandDrugAdministrationthatitwassafe.Respondingtomisconceptions,theAmericanMedicalAssn,launchedaneducationalWebsiteandAMAmembershoppedonYouTube,Facebook,andTwittertoreassurethepublic.Nexttime,consumeroutreachneedstostartearlierandbemoreaggressive,perhapsincludingTVads,saysMaryAnneMcCaflree,anOklahomaCitypediatricianandAMAboardmembers.“Thebottomlineis,wecame,wesaw,butI’mnotsureweconquered,”McCafifreesays.

SomemisusecamefromtheWHO.Itinitiallyassumedeachpatientwouldneedtwoshotstogetprotection.Onedoseprovedadequateforadults,whichmeantthatmostEuropeancountrieshadenoughvaccine（8）

handtoimmunizealltheirresidents.Butbecauseofconfusionandpublicapathy,thosecountriesendedupprotectingnomorethan10%oftheirpopulations.

Asforvaccinemakers,MorganStanleyanalystsinitiallypredictedthethreelargest—Novartis.Sanofi-Aventis,andGlaxoSmithKline—wouldsellacombined$5.3billionofvaccineduringthesixmonthsendingMarch31.InaDecemberreport,theysaidactualsalesmaybeasmuchas15%lower.FrancehascutbackitsorderstoNovartisandSanofi.AndonJan.26,Novartis'vaccinechief,AndrinOswald,said2010salesofH1N1vaccinewouldbelessthanhalfofthe$1billiontheshotgeneratedin2009.

Evenwithinfectionratedropping,manyfluexpertsareconcernedaboutsomefacetsofswineflu.Whilemortalityislow,childrenmake

（9）manyofthevictims.Andeventhoughnextyear’sseasonalfluvaccinewilllikelyincludeprotectionagainstswineflu,virulentnewstrainscouldemerge.

Asscientistspuzzleoverepidemiologicalquestions,theWHOhasbeenaccusedofunnecessarilyfanningpublicfears.OnecriticisWolfgangWodarg,adoctorandformerGermanparliamentarianwhoisontheCouncilofEurope,anorganizationinStrasbourg,France,thatpromoteshumanrights.DuringaJan.26councilmeeting,WodargaccusedtheWHOoffabricatingapandemicthatled

（10）

littlemorethanrevenuesforthepharmaceuticalindustry.Itwas,hesaidthroughatranslator,“dangerousnonsense.”

TheWHO’sDr.KeijiFukuda,whoalsospokeatthehearing,defendedtheagency'sresponse.FlupoliciesandresponsesrecommendedbyWHO“werenotimproperlyinfluencedbythepharmaceuticalindustry,”hesaidinastatement.But,headded,“thereismuchtolearnabouthowtheworldcanimproveitshandlingofsuchevents.”

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewords/phrasesaccordingtothecontext.

run-of-the-mill(inparagraph1)

overhauling(inparagraph3)breakingground(inparagraph4)

pediatrician(inparagraph7)

fabricating(inparagraph11)

WhyistheWorldHealthOrganizationblamedinthearticle?Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheblame?

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。本句意為：豬流感瘟疫沒有變成國際衛(wèi)生機構所預測的災難。turnout意為“結果是，證明是”

試題答案：out

2.考查介詞搭配。inplace意為“準備就緒，就位”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。belimitedin意為“受限制”，指在某方面能力有限，根據空格后面的technology，可知此處是表示受技術的限制。

試題答案：in

4.考查介詞搭配。adaptfor意為“使適應，使適合(新用途，新情況）”。此處破折號后表示其中任何一種都可以立即啟動，并適應于任何病原體的出現。

試題答案：for

5.考查介詞搭配。optfor意為“選擇”。此句意為：許多州選擇了大規(guī)模疫苗接種診所，但未能將孕婦和衛(wèi)生工作者等高危群體轉移到一線。

試題