考研考博-英語-文山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-文山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)史密斯先生被暗示犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，他變得非常（）。ingenious靈敏的，聰明的；empirical以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的；objective客觀的；indignant憤怒的。故選D。

2.單選題

Mr.Smithhadanunusual（

）:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profession

B.occupation

C.position

D.career

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)profession“（需要教育、大量訓(xùn)練和專門學(xué)習(xí)的法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、教育等腦力勞動(dòng)方面的）專業(yè)或職業(yè)”；B選項(xiàng)occupation“（成為正常的生活來源的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)）職業(yè)，行業(yè)，位置”；C選項(xiàng)position“（雇用）職位，工作，職務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)career“事業(yè)，生涯；某人工作經(jīng)歷或事業(yè)上取得成就的總的過程或進(jìn)程”。句意：史密斯先生有著不尋常的人生：他起初當(dāng)過辦公室職員，然后當(dāng)海員，最終做了一名教師。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

______isknowntoall,gasesexpandandcontractwiththeincreaseanddecreaseoftemperature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：眾所周知，氣體隨著溫度的升高和降低而膨脹和收縮。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。B選項(xiàng)as關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代主句內(nèi)容；其引導(dǎo)從句比較靈活，可以放句首，也可以放句中或句末；asisknowntoall可以看作asweallknow的被動(dòng)式。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.問答題

Apessimistmightargue:whyseektopreservethehumanspecies?ShouldwenotratherrejoiceintheprospectofanendtotheimmenseloadofsufferingandhateandfearwhichhashithertodarkenedthelifeofMan?Shouldwenotcontemplatewithrejoicinganewfutureforourplanet,peacefulatlast,sleepingquietlyatlastaftercoiningtotheendofthelongnightmareofpainandhorror?

Toanystudentofhistorycontemplatingthedreadfulrecordoffollyandcrueltyandmiserythathasconstitutedmostofhumanlifehitherto,suchquestionsmustcomeinmomentsofimaginativesympathy.Perhapsoursurveymaytemptustoacquiesceinanend,howevertragicandhoweverfinal,toaspeciessoincapableofjoy.

Butthepessimisthasonlyhalfofthetruthandtomymindthelessimportanthalf.Manhasnotonlythecorrelativecapacitiesforcrueltyandsuffering,butalsopotentialitiesofgreatnessandsplendor,realized,asyet,verypartially,butshowingwhatlifemightbeinafreerandhappierworld.IfManwillallowhimselftogrowtohisfullstature,whathemayachieveisbeyondourpresentcapacitytoimagine.Poverty,illness,andlonelinesscouldbecomeraremisfortunes.ReasonableexpectationofhappinesscoulddispelthenightoffearinwhichtoomanynowwanderlostAndwiththeprogressofevolution,whatisnowtheshininggeniusofaneminentfewmightbecomeacommonpossessionofthemany.Allthisispossible,indeed,probable,inthethousandsofcenturiesthatliebeforeus,ifwedonotrashlyandmadlydestroyourselvesbeforewehavereachedthematuritythatshouldbeourgoal.No,letusnotlistentothepessimist,for,ifwedo,wearetraitorstoMan’sfuture.

1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsMan’sfuture?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,ourgoalshouldbe（

）.

【答案】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中“Butthepessimisthasonlyhalfofthetruthandtomymindthelessimportanthalf.No,letusnotlistentothepessimist,for,ifwedo,wearetraitorstoMan’sfuture.”可知作者對人類未來的態(tài)度是積極的。

試題答案：

Theauthor’sseesMan’sfutureinanoptimistic,happyandhopefulattitude.

2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“ifwedonotrashlyandmadlydestroyourselvesbeforewehavereachedthematuritythatshouldbeourgoal”可知我們的目標(biāo)應(yīng)該成熟。

試題答案：

mature

5.單選題

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite's“personalsearchagent”.It'saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalarythenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D,C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening."IstruckgoldsaysRedmon,whoe-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient,Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility,saysoneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconceptwhatyouthinkyouwanttodo-thenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothatsaysanotherexpert."there'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis."Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase,whenyougete-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain."Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite'sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobsthoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthemandtheydo."Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder,"Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.

1.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?

3.Theexpression"tipservice"(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.WhydoesCareerSite'sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.

B.Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.

C.Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.

D.Bye-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lackofcounseling.

B.Limitednumberofvisits.

C.Lowerefficiency.

D.Fewersuccessfulmatches.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.advisory

B.compensation

C.interaction

D.reminder

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.

B.Toattractmorereturningvisits.

C.Toreservespaceformoremessages.

D.Toincreasetherateofsuccess.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.

B.Somesiteskeepe-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.

C.Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.

D.Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中ajobdatabaseontheInternet...“personalsearchagent”.It'saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalarythenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.可知Redmon是通過使用數(shù)據(jù)庫的特殊服務(wù)找到工作的，因此選C。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中there'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis（所有這些都沒有隱含的職業(yè)咨詢）可知選A。

第3題:詞義題。advisory意為“咨詢，勸告”；compensation意為“補(bǔ)償，賠償”；interaction意為“互動(dòng)”；reminder意為“提示”。由文章第四段中Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase,whenyougete-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.（相反，最好的策略是使用代理作為一種“tipservice”，以隨時(shí)了解特定數(shù)據(jù)庫中的工作，當(dāng)你收到電子郵件時(shí)，把它當(dāng)成一個(gè)提示，該再次檢查數(shù)據(jù)庫了）可知D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.（一些網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)他們的代理來吸引求職者返回）WhenCareerSite'sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobsthoseitconsidersthebestmatches.可知選B。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed.可知非求職人員可以利用搜索代理來關(guān)注對他們工作崗位的需求以及薪資，這對他們也是有用的，因此選C。

6.單選題

VisitorstoEnglandsometimesfindthelackofpublicactivitiesintheevenings（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depressed

B.depression

C.depressing

D.depressingly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前往英格蘭的游客有時(shí)會(huì)因?yàn)槿狈ν砩系墓不顒?dòng)而感到沮喪。

語法題?？疾橘e語補(bǔ)語?？崭裉帒?yīng)填入形容詞作賓語“缺乏晚上的公共活動(dòng)”的補(bǔ)語,排除B,D。depressed沮喪的;depressing令人沮喪的。故C符合句意。

7.單選題

Humble（

）itmaybe,there’snoplacelikehome,（

）hermaygo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.like,when

B.as,wherever

C.although,where

D.which,wherever

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句必須進(jìn)行倒裝，此處將表語humble提前；wherever意為“無論哪兒”，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

句意：盡管家很簡陋，但無論她去哪兒，沒有一個(gè)地方可以和家相提并論。

8.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指任何故事或普通生活都無法與之相匹敵。選項(xiàng)C與劃線部分意思最為接近。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whilehurricanesareblamedforproducingtornadosandcausingwidespreaddestruction,theyhaveanotherdevastating,yetlesser-knowneffect:spreadinginvasivespeciestonewhabitats.

WhenHurricaneIsaiasslammedintotheCaribbeanandeasternU.S.thissummer,risingwaterlevelsallowedatleast114non-nativeaquatic(水生的)speciestoridefromonewatershedtothenext.Since2017,thescientistshavecombinedflooddataandinvasivespeciessightingstomaphowtheseanimalsdispersefollowingAtlanticOceanhurricanes,aswellasstudywhatmakessomespeciesmorelikelytobenefitfromthestormsthanothers.

Taketheapplesnail,apopularaquaticinsectamongaquariumownersforexample.NativetoSouthAmerica,thesix-inchspeciesfirstcametoAmericaviatheaquariumtrade,andithassincebecomeadestructivepestinricefieldsandotheraquaticcroplands.Applesnails“actuallytakeairintotheirshellandfloatalongthewater,”saysWesleyDaniel,afisherybiologistwiththeWetlandandAquaticResearchCenterinFlorida,wherethetropicalclimatehasmadeitahotspotforinvasivespecies.“We’veseenthemspreadinnumeroushurricaneslikethis.”

SinceapplesnailswerealreadyestablishedinmanycoastalfreshwaterecosystemsthroughoutthesoutheasternU.S.,it’slikelythattherecentactivehurricaneseasonhaspushedthemfartherinland.Notonlyhavehurricanesandtropicalstormsformedfarearlierthisyearthanusual,10havemadelandfallonthemainlandU.S.breakingarecordsetin1916.

Before2017,fewscientistshadinvestigatedtheroleofhurricanesinthespreadofinvasivespecies,whichasawholecosttheU.S.economyatleast$120billionayear.Butashurricanesareprojectedtobecomebothmorefrequentandintenseduetoclimatechange,thepotentialfornon-nativestofurtherdegradeecosystemsisahugeconcern.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheconsequenceofhurricanes?

2.Whatisoneoftheresearchproblemsofscientistssince2017?

3.HowdidapplesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica?

4.Before2017,thehurricane-broughtinvasivespecies____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Changingoftherivercourse.

B.Invasionofforeigncreatures.

C.Massivedestruction.

D.Setting-offofstorms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howtointegratethedataoffoodandinvadingspecies.

B.Howtotrackthenon-nativeanimalspecies.

C.Whatsystembestmapstherouteofthespecies’invasion.

D.Whysomeinvasivespeciestakemoreadvantageofthestorm.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebroughtinbytheearlytropicalstorm.

B.Theywereimportedascommodities.

C.TheywereoriginatedintheinlandwatersofAmerica.

D.Theyswamacrosstheoceansandseasfromcoasttocoast.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reproducedandoccupiedthewetlandsofU.S.

B.tookthehabitatsawayfromthelocalspecies

C.resultedinhugefinanciallossannuallyinU.S.

D.cleanedthesiltintheinlandwaterwaysinU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtheconsequenceofhurricanes?下列哪個(gè)陳述不是颶風(fēng)的后果？

A.Changingoftherivercourse.A.改變河道。

B.Invasionofforeigncreatures.B.外來生物的入侵。

C.Massivedestruction.C.大規(guī)模破壞。

D.Setting-offofstorms.D.引發(fā)風(fēng)暴。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconsequenceofhurricanes定位到原文第一段。本段提到“雖然颶風(fēng)被認(rèn)為是造成龍卷風(fēng)（producingtornados）和大范圍破壞的罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝╟ausingwidespreaddestruction），但它們還有另一個(gè)破壞性的、鮮為人知的影響：將入侵物種傳播到新的棲息地（spreadinginvasivespeciestonewhabitats）?！庇纱丝芍奶岬降娘Z風(fēng)的后果有：造成龍卷風(fēng)和大范圍破壞、導(dǎo)致外來物種入侵，而A選項(xiàng)“改變河道”并未提及，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“外來生物的入侵”，是原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“大規(guī)模破壞”，是原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)風(fēng)暴”，是原文提到的颶風(fēng)的后果，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatisoneoftheresearchproblemsofscientistssince2017?2017年以來，科學(xué)家的研究問題之一是？

A.Howtointegratethedataoffoodandinvadingspecies.A.如何整合食物和入侵物種的數(shù)據(jù)。

B.Howtotrackthenon-nativeanimalspecies.B.如何追蹤非本地動(dòng)物物種。

C.Whatsystembestmapstherouteofthespecies’invasion.C.什么體系能最好地繪制出物種入侵的路徑。

D.Whysomeinvasivespeciestakemoreadvantageofthestorm.D.為什么一些入侵物種更能利用這場風(fēng)暴。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞researchproblems和since2017定位到原文第二段。本段第二句提到“自2017年以來，科學(xué)家們結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)（havecombinedflooddataandinvasivespeciessightings），繪制了這些動(dòng)物在大西洋颶風(fēng)后分散的路線（tomaphowtheseanimalsdispersefollowingAtlanticOceanhurricanes），并研究了是什么讓一些物種比其他物種更有可能從風(fēng)暴中受益（studywhatmakessomespeciesmorelikelytobenefitfromthestormsthanothers）?！庇纱丝芍?，科學(xué)家的研究問題有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是“入侵動(dòng)物在颶風(fēng)后是如何分散的”，一個(gè)是“為什么一些物種比其他物種更有可能從風(fēng)暴中受益”。因此，D選項(xiàng)“為什么一些入侵物種更能利用這場風(fēng)暴”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“如何整合食物（food）和入侵物種的數(shù)據(jù)”，首先，原文提到的是flood而不是food，其次，“結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)”是科學(xué)家研究問題的方式，而不是問題本身，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“如何追蹤非本地動(dòng)物物種”，原文提到科學(xué)家是通過“結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)”進(jìn)行追蹤的，該選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的并不是科學(xué)家的研究問題，問題應(yīng)該是“追蹤，即非本地物種是如何分散的”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“什么體系能最好地繪制出物種入侵的路徑”，原文提到科學(xué)家是通過“結(jié)合洪水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)和關(guān)于入侵物種的發(fā)現(xiàn)”來繪制入侵物種的分散路徑的，該選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的并不是科學(xué)家的研究問題，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

HowdidapplesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica?“蘋果蝸?！弊畛跏窃鯓舆M(jìn)入美國的？

A.Theywerebroughtinbytheearlytropicalstorm.A.它們是被早期的熱帶風(fēng)暴帶來的。

B.Theywereimportedascommodities.B.它們是作為商品進(jìn)口的。

C.TheywereoriginatedintheinlandwatersofAmerica.C.它們源于美國的內(nèi)陸水域。

D.Theyswamacrosstheoceansandseasfromcoasttocoast.D.它們是從一個(gè)海岸游到另一個(gè)海岸的。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞applesnailsfirstarriveinAmerica定位到原文第三段第二句，該句提到“這個(gè)物種（指上一句提到的蘋果蝸牛）原產(chǎn)于南美洲（NativetoSouthAmerica），最初是通過水族館貿(mào)易（viatheaquariumtrade）來到美國的”，由此可知，蘋果蝸牛最開始是作為水族館的觀賞物種被賣到美國的，因此B選項(xiàng)“它們是作為商品進(jìn)口的”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們是被早期的熱帶風(fēng)暴帶來的”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“由于蘋果蝸牛已經(jīng)在美國東南部的許多沿海淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中生長，很可能最近活躍的颶風(fēng)季節(jié)把它們推向了更遠(yuǎn)的內(nèi)陸（haspushedthemfartherinland）?！庇纱丝芍?，熱帶風(fēng)暴可能是該物種從沿海到內(nèi)陸的原因，而不是該物種最初進(jìn)入美國的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“它們源于美國的內(nèi)陸水域”，原文提到該物種原產(chǎn)于南美洲，而非美國，原文SouthAmerica指的是南美洲，而不是“美國南部”，“原產(chǎn)于美國南部，最初是通過水族館貿(mào)易來到美國的”語義邏輯不通，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“它們是從一個(gè)海岸游到另一個(gè)海岸的”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Before2017,thehurricane-broughtinvasivespecies____.2017年之前，颶風(fēng)帶來的入侵物種____。

A.reproducedandoccupiedthewetlandsofU.S.A.繁衍并占據(jù)了美國的濕地

B.tookthehabitatsawayfromthelocalspeciesB.奪走了當(dāng)?shù)匚锓N的棲息地

C.resultedinhugefinanciallossannuallyinU.S.C.每年給美國造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失

D.cleanedthesiltintheinlandwaterwaysinU.S.D.清理了美國內(nèi)陸水道中的淤泥

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Before2017定位到原文最后一段。該段第一句提到“2017年之前，幾乎沒有科學(xué)家調(diào)查過颶風(fēng)在入侵物種傳播中的作用，這一行為每年給美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成至少1200億美元的損失（costtheU.S.economyatleast$120billionayear）。”由此可知，2017年以前，颶風(fēng)帶來的入侵物種，使美國經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受巨大的損失，C選項(xiàng)“每年給美國造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“繁衍并占據(jù)了美國的濕地”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“奪走了當(dāng)?shù)匚锓N的棲息地”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“清理了美國內(nèi)陸水道中的淤泥”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

10.單選題

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofarticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedby（）buyers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.prospective

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perspective“透視的”；B選項(xiàng)prospective“潛在的；預(yù)期的”；C選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的；興旺的”；D選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。句意：拍賣通常事先做廣告，詳細(xì)說明要出售的物品以及……買家何時(shí)何地可以看到這些物品。拍賣會(huì)前提前打好廣告，目的是想要有意向的買家注意到物品，從而參與進(jìn)來。所以這里是指潛在的買家。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.defendanunpopularideology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.”，SarahEisenstein在其未完成但極具啟發(fā)性的文章中，關(guān)注了從本世紀(jì)初到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間職業(yè)女性價(jià)值觀的演變?？膳袛喑霰酒恼聦ε匝芯康南嚓P(guān)話題展開討論。下文緊接著提到了愛森斯坦在職業(yè)和工作對女性的影響問題的研究。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.”，愛森斯坦未完成的研究沒有充分深入或詳細(xì)地發(fā)展這些觀點(diǎn)，只提供了令人感興趣的線索，而沒有詳盡的分析。可判斷出作者認(rèn)為愛森斯坦對女性的研究是不充分的，所以本篇文章的目的就是為了對女性研究的方法進(jìn)行評估。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”，愛森斯坦認(rèn)為，世紀(jì)初的女性既沒有完全接受也沒有拒絕所謂的“家庭生活”的主導(dǎo)意識形態(tài)，而是接受了這種意識形態(tài)和其他可用的意識形態(tài)——女權(quán)主義、社會(huì)主義、工會(huì)主義——并根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和需要對它們進(jìn)行修改或調(diào)整?？膳袛喑雠灾唤邮苤髁饕庾R形態(tài)的某些方面，而不是全部。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.”，愛森斯坦未完成的研究沒有充分深入或詳細(xì)地發(fā)展這些觀點(diǎn)，提供了令人感興趣的線索，而不是詳盡的分析。不管愛森斯坦的總體計(jì)劃是什么，以她目前的研究形式來看，她所依賴的資料來源有限。可判斷出對愛森斯坦研究的繼續(xù)需要收集各種資料，做更加詳盡的分析，所以世紀(jì)初典型工薪階層的女性的書信和日記進(jìn)行分析很有可能是愛森斯坦研究的繼續(xù)，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Manyinthebusinessworldacceptthatthesuccessofacommercialventureheavilydependentonthepeopleworkingwithinit.Peopleare（1）makeabusinesssuccessful,whetheritisthelowestpaidemployeeswithintheorganizationor（2）management.Engagedemployeesareusuallyhappyemployeeswhoaremore（3）astheyhaveanaturalandgenuineinterestinthe（4）oftheorganization.

Staffbecomesengagedbecauseofanumberofissuesanditisessentialthatbusinessownersandmanagers（5）theseemotions.However,thefirstpartofensuringthatpeopleareconnectedwithacommongoalistogetrecruitment

（6）.Recruitingshouldincludeanumberofquestions（7）atgettinganunderstandingofaperson'smotivationsanddesires.Oncerecruited,communicationiskeytoensuringthatlevelsofengagementdonotwane.Forinstance,changeisoften（8）withworkers.Howevertheyarefarmorelikelyto（9）intochangewhenthereasonsforitandthepotentialbenefitsareclearlylaidout.

Instillingasenseofprideandpassioninabrand,productorethosisvitalin（10）engagedemployees.Ifpeopleenjoywhattheydoandfeelempoweredtoshapethedirectionofacompany,theyarefarmorelikelytoproducebetterresultsandworktothebestoftheirability.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.how

C.that

D.what

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.senior

B.chief

C.high

D.tall

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.effective

C.valid

D.available

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.estates

B.assets

C.fortunes

D.possessions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.apply

B.utilize

C.execute

D.hire

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.well

B.over

C.right

D.up

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.aimed

B.focused

C.intended

D.engaged

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.addictive

B.unpopular

C.satisfying

D.rewarding

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.shift

B.fall

C.buy

D.revolve

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.bearing

B.raising

C.feeding

D.delivering

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

【解析】第1題:考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知“（）makeabusinesssuccessful”為表語從句，從句中缺少主語，排除how與that，再根據(jù)句意“人是使企業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵”，因此用what引導(dǎo)表示從句并在句中做主語。

第2題:考查上下文語義。or表示并列關(guān)系，由前面的thelowestpaidemployeeswithintheorganization（組織內(nèi)薪酬最低的員工）可知此處對應(yīng)的是“高級管理層”，因此選A。

第3題:考查形容詞辨析。productive意為“多產(chǎn)的”；effective意為“有效的”；valid意為“有根據(jù)的，有效的”；available意為“可獲得的”。此處表示有參與感的員工通常是多產(chǎn)的。

第4題:考查名詞辨析。estate意為“財(cái)產(chǎn)，遺產(chǎn)”；asset意為“資產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；fortune意為“命運(yùn)”；possession意為“擁有”。此處表示關(guān)注組織的命運(yùn)。

第5題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。apply意為“應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用”；utilize意為“利用，使用”；execute意為“執(zhí)行”；hire意為“聘用”。此處表示企業(yè)主和管理者必須利用這些情緒。

第6題:考查副詞辨析。well意為“相當(dāng)，大大地”；over意為“穿過，落下”；right意為“合理地，正確地”；up意為“向上，在上面”；getrecruitment意為“招聘”，后面的內(nèi)容提到如何招聘，可推測此處指正確地招聘，因此選C。

第7題:考查固定搭配。aimat意為“旨在，目標(biāo)在于”。此句表示招聘應(yīng)包括一些問題旨在了解一個(gè)人的動(dòng)機(jī)和愿望。

第8題:考查上下文語義。beunpopularwith意為“不受歡迎”，此處表示改變往往不受員工歡迎。

第9題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。shift意為“改變”；fall意為“落下”；buy意為“購買”；revolve意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)，環(huán)繞”。此處表示當(dāng)明確說明其原因和潛在利益時(shí)，他們更有可能發(fā)生改變。

第10題:考查上下文語義。bear意為“忍受”；raise意為“增加，提高”；feed意為“喂養(yǎng)”；deliver意為“發(fā)表，遞送”。由后面的producebetterresultsandworktothebestoftheirability（獲得更好的結(jié)果，并能最大限度地發(fā)揮他們的能力）可推測前面指提高員工的參與度，因此選B。

13.單選題

Aman,withhismind（

）bypersonaltrivia,cannotpossiblyaccomplishanythingatanypost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumed

B.preceded

C.preoccupied

D.prescribed

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意‘一個(gè)只專注于個(gè)人瑣事的人是無論如何也不可能完成任何事情的。’可知這里是指“只專注于個(gè)人瑣事的人”，A選項(xiàng)presume“假定”；B選項(xiàng)precede“領(lǐng)先，優(yōu)于”；C選項(xiàng)preoccupy“搶先占有，使…全神貫注”；D選項(xiàng)prescribe“規(guī)定，開處方”。C選項(xiàng)的preoccupiedby...“專注于…”正確。

14.單選題

Theirdiplomaticprinciplescompletelylaidbaretheir（）forworldconquest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admiration

B.ambition

C.aspiration

D.orientation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)admiration“欽佩，贊賞”；B選項(xiàng)ambition“野心，抱負(fù)”；C選項(xiàng)aspiration“渴望”；D選項(xiàng)orientation“方向”。句意：他們的外交原則完全暴露了他們征服世界的野心。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)annoyance“惱怒，生氣，煩惱”；B選項(xiàng)resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；C選項(xiàng)offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D選項(xiàng)irritation“生氣，氣惱”。只有offence可用于短語takeoffenceatsth.表示“對……生氣”。句意：記者和攝影師們都對那位演員在采訪過程中的粗魯表現(xiàn)感到不滿。

16.單選題

Shesteered（）ofbeingassociatedwithsuchpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clear

B.void

C.bare

D.free

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。steerclearofsb./sth.表示“繞開;避開”。句意：她避免與這種人交往。結(jié)合句意，故A為正確答案。

17.單選題

Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing(定量供應(yīng))isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswidespreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.

Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests.NorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain’soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.

Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.

Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.

Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhasseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguar