考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古美術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古美術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Storesgivenpermissiontosellfireworksallyearwillneedalicensewhichlocalauthorities______willbeabletorefuseandifnecessary.

問題1選項

A.revolve

B.revolt

C.revoke

D.revive

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項revolve“使……旋轉(zhuǎn)”，B項revolt“反抗”，C項revoke“撤回”，D項revive“使復(fù)興”。根據(jù)句子意思“獲得全年銷售煙花許可的商店將需要一份許可證，如果必要，地方當(dāng)局將有權(quán)……該許可證。”可推測，空格部分表示“吊銷，撤銷”，C項最符合。句意：獲得全年銷售煙花許可的商店將需要一份許可證，如果必要，地方當(dāng)局將有權(quán)吊銷該許可證。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

2.單選題

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

問題1選項

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項style“風(fēng)格，類型”；B選項texture“質(zhì)地，紋理，結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項textile“紡織品”；D選項content“內(nèi)容，滿足”。句意：母親告訴我，挑選一塊布最重要的是看它的質(zhì)地。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

It’squiteobviousthattheagingpopulationinChinawillcause（

）heavypressureon（

）wholesocietyinthefuture.

問題1選項

A.a;a

B.the;/

C.a;the

D./;the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠詞用法。第一個空格后是pressure“壓力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，句中并不特指“壓力”，因此無須使用冠詞；第二空后的是wholesociety“整個社會”，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Accordingtothenewreport,13%ofAmericansareover65;thisnumberisprojectedtoreach22%bytheyear2030.

問題1選項

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.devised設(shè)計B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估計D.encountered遇到

【考查點】動詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指到2030年美國超過65歲的人的比例會達(dá)到22%，2030年是一個未來的年份，這個數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是預(yù)估的，C選項“估計”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被預(yù)測”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項devised“設(shè)計”，美國的人口構(gòu)成數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是自然發(fā)生的，不存在說被設(shè)計成多少；

B選項thrust“用力推”，不符合原句邏輯；

D選項encountered“遇到”，不符合原句邏輯。

【句意】根據(jù)這份新報告，13%的美國人超過65歲；預(yù)計到2030年，這一數(shù)字將達(dá)到22%。

5.單選題

Ataboutthesametime,someblackChristianswalkedinprotestoutofchurcheswheretheywereforcedtoworshipin（

）sections.

問題1選項

A.segregated

B.sustained

C.connected

D.engaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。segregated“被隔離的”；sustained“持續(xù)的；持久的”；connected“連接的；有聯(lián)系的；連貫的”；engaged“忙碌的；使用中的”。句意：幾乎同時，一些黑人基督徒抗議地走出教堂，在那里他們被迫去被隔離的區(qū)域做禮拜。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Afterhydrogen,heliumisthesecondmostabundantelementintheuniverse.Buthowdoastronomersknowthat?ItmightseemthatthephilosopherAugusteComtewasonsolidgroundwhenhestatedin1844that,becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.Yetonlyafewyearslaterchemistsdiscoveredthatunderthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.Byanalyzingthelightcomingfromstars,astronomershavebeenabletoidentifythedifferentchemicalelementsinthestarsandincosmicspace,aswellastheirrelativequantities.Itisaninterestinghistoricalnotethatheliumwasactuallyfoundonthesun,in1868,beforeitwasfoundonearth,inthe1890s.(ThenameheliumcomesfromtheGreekworldhellos,meaning“sun”)

Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.Theseatomsemitthecolorsoflightthatcharacterizeeachelement.Eachatomconsistsofanucleus,orpositivelychargedcore,andaroundthisnucleusareelectrons,whicharenegativelychargedparticles.Thecharacteristiclightemittedbyanatomgivesusinformationaboutthearrangementofelectronsabouttheatomicnucleus.Thisarrangementdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesoftheatom.

Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofoneofitsatoms.Theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty,becauseitalsoequalsthenumberofelectronsaroundthenucleusinthenormal(electricallyneutral)atom,andtheseelectronsdeterminetheatom’schemicalproperties.Theperiodictableoftheelements(thatis,theirarrangementintotherowsandcolumnsbasedontheirchemicalandphysicalproperties)isaresultofthewaytheelectronsarearrangedintheatoms,andthisarrangementorstructuredependsonthenumberofelectronsandthusontheatomicstructure.

1.Inthispassage,fundamentalmeans（）.

2.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

3.AugusteComtesaidthatwecouldneverknowthecompositionofthestarsbecausetheyare（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,acentralprincipleofchemistryisthat（）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

6.Theorganizationalpatternofthefirstparagraphofthispassageis（）.

7.Theauthorexplainsthecharacteristicpatternofcoloremittedbyeachelementbycomparingthispatternto（）.

問題1選項

A.first

B.heavy

C.basic

D.early

問題2選項

A.persuade

B.inform

C.entertain

D.tellastory

問題3選項

A.movingawayfromus

B.veryfaraway

C.veryhot

D.madeofhelium

問題4選項

A.differentatomsemitdifferentcoloroflight

B.thesuncontainshelium

C.theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty

D.allmatteriscomposedofatoms

問題5選項

A.objective

B.poetic

C.hostile

D.opinionated

問題6選項

A.chronologicalorder

B.spatialorder

C.definition

D.exampleillustration

問題7選項

A.thescalesofafish

B.thefeathersofabird

C.afootprint

D.afingerprint.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)原文可知“fundamentalproperty”指基本性質(zhì)，fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以選項C正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是從客觀公正的角度描述事實，講述化學(xué)物質(zhì)氦的構(gòu)成及其性質(zhì)，所以選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.”由于星星距離遙遠(yuǎn)，我們永遠(yuǎn)無法知道它們的化學(xué)成分。選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.”化學(xué)的核心原則是所有的物質(zhì)都是由原子構(gòu)成的。選項D符合原文。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文可知，本文主要是從客觀公正的角度描述事實，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，選項A正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段是用舉例說明的方法來介紹氦元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程，所以選項D正確。chronologicalorder時間順序；spatialorder空間順序；definition下定義；exampleillustration舉例說明。

7.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“underthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.”在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，每一種元素都會發(fā)出一種特定的光的顏色組合來識別它，就像你的指紋可以識別你一樣。由此可知，作者是將光和指紋進(jìn)行對比，選項D正確。

7.單選題

Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.

問題1選項

A.outwards

B.forwards

C.sideways

D.inwards

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項outwards“向外地”，B項forwards“向前，今后”，C項sideways“向側(cè)面地，間接地”，D項inwards“向內(nèi)地，向中心地”。句意：如果你把它斜著轉(zhuǎn)，你就能把桌子穿過門。根據(jù)句意可知，edgewise在句中表示“斜著”，四個選項中與之相近的意思只有C項符合。因此，該題選擇C項。

8.單選題

NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.

ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.

Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’

Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.

Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.

Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.

Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.

1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas（

）.

2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?

3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?

4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

（

）.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?

問題1選項

A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworld

B.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestate

C.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulation

D.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation

問題2選項

A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustry

B.Thetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversities

C.Thehighereducationisastatewelfare

D.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.

問題3選項

A.Tobeunabletoattractthebestprofessors

B.Tobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellence

C.Tobehigh-priced

D.Tobequasi-privatized

問題4選項

A.gettingmoredonations

B.behavinglikeprivateuniversities

C.makingupshortageofgraduates

D.improvingotherearnings

問題5選項

A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.

B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.

C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.

D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PatBrownandClarkKerr”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.他們的目標(biāo)不僅是擁有優(yōu)秀的公立大學(xué)，而且要讓該州的人口幾乎可以免費進(jìn)入這些大學(xué)?！边x項C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bait”所在句子的上文“Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.前提是高等教育是全州的一種公共利益，為未來培養(yǎng)自己的企業(yè)家和納稅人?！币簿褪钦f，大學(xué)是掛在工業(yè)面前的“誘餌”指的是大學(xué)培養(yǎng)工業(yè)精英。選項A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段首句“Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.”這導(dǎo)致人們擔(dān)心公立大學(xué)可能會失去它們的優(yōu)勢。也就是無法保持自己的優(yōu)勢，選項B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents.為了增加其他收入，各個校區(qū)還招收了越來越多的外州學(xué)生?！边x項D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.換句話說，在商學(xué)院和法學(xué)院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，它們（州立大學(xué)）的行為越來越像私立大學(xué)。”選項B符合原文。選項A和C表述均不正確，選項D在文中沒有提及。

9.不定項選擇題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecoverysystems.These-systemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,where,highratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,however,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeingdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃,isatdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100°Cmaybeusefulforspaceheating;however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Caredesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachadesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoalremainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,morecostlywellsandshallower,cooler,lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,electricityand/orheat.

8.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

9.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

10.Accordingtopassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto（）.

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspecificareasintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe（）.

12.Accordingtothepassage,inallHDRrecoverysystemsfluidwillbenecessaryinordertoallow（）.

13.Accordingtothepassage,iftheaveragegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth,whichofthefollowingcanbereliablypredicted?

I.Thetemperatureatthebaseofa10-kilometerwellwillbesufficientfortheproductionofelectricity.

II.Drillingofwellsdeeperthan10kilometerswillbeeconomicallyfeasible.

III.Insufficientwaterispresenttoproduceemotivephenomena.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

E.urgeconsumerstodemandquickerdevelopmentofHDRresourcesfortheproductionofenergy

問題2選項

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasresentsintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

E.pamphletdesignedtointroducehomeownerstotheadvantagesofHDRspace-heatingsystems

問題3選項

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesintheUnitedStates

D.revisetheestimatesontheextentofremainingcoalresourcesintheUnitedStates

E.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseinUnitedStates

問題4選項

A.possibilitythatHDR’smaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilorgasreservesinthatarea

E.useofcoalasasubstituteforoilorgasinthatarea

問題5選項

A.sufficientpermeability

B.artificialsimulation

C.drillingofholes

D.constructionofreservoirs

E.transferofheat

問題6選項

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,IIandIII

問題7選項

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

E.HighGeothermalGradientsintheUnitedStates:MythorReality?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:E

第6題:A

第7題:D

【解析】8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】作者意圖題。各選項的意思是：A：提醒讀者HDRs作為一種可用能源的存在；B：列舉在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)；C：警告煤炭和石油的用戶，HDRs在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不是可行的替代品；D：鼓勵使用從地下熱水和蒸汽中回收能源的新技術(shù)；E：敦促消費者要求更快開發(fā)用于能源生產(chǎn)的HDR資源。本文是一篇說明文。作者第一段提出了潛在的干熱巖（HDR）油藏，第二段提出了HDR開采系統(tǒng)的新概念，后面則指出了一些限制性問題，如技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素以及地溫梯度等，最后一段指出HDR的資源基礎(chǔ)非常大并且列舉了一些問題：剩下的問題是如何平衡深、熱、高成本井和淺、冷、低成本井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，以及最終產(chǎn)品、電或熱的價值，因此B項“列舉在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)”正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：專注于美國溫度深度記錄的歷史的巖石學(xué)研究報告；B：敦促美國保護(hù)石油和天然氣的國會報告；C：關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源的可回收性的技術(shù)期刊文章；D：描述剩余煤炭資源的范圍和可及性的消費者報告；E：為向業(yè)主介紹HDR空間供暖系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點而設(shè)計的小冊子。本文旨在提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源，并列舉了在從HDRs中恢復(fù)能源的努力中所克服的挑戰(zhàn)，所以，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在C項“關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源的可回收性的技術(shù)期刊”上。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：平衡HDR能源回收與地下熱水或蒸汽回收系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性；B：確定在美國將用于空間供暖的能量；C：對美國的熱水和HDR能源提供比較；D：更正對美國剩余煤炭資源范圍的估計；E：估計美國HDR資源總量。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“averagegeothermalgradientof22°vperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°nperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（跡象表明，HDR的能源庫巨大。如果按每公里深度的地?zé)崽荻绕骄鶠?2攝氏度計算，美國10公里深的地殼巖石中含有總能量驚人的13000000萬億B.T.U.），因此D項“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase（估計美國HDR資源總量）”符合文意。

11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。各選項的意思是：A：在那個地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)HDR的可能性；B：以前曾在該地區(qū)獲取石油或天然氣的嘗試；C：該地區(qū)熱水或蒸汽回收工作的成功歷史；D：那個地區(qū)的居民沒有保存石油或天然氣儲備；E：在那個地區(qū)使用煤作為石油或天然氣的替代品。第四段指出：“TemperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperaturedepthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates（由美國石油地質(zhì)學(xué)家協(xié)會保存的油氣井溫度-深度記錄生成的溫度梯度圖表明可開發(fā)的高溫梯度分布在美國各地）”。因此B項“以前曾在該地區(qū)獲取石油或天然氣的嘗試”符合文意。

12.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。各選項的意思是：A：足夠的滲透率；B：人工刺激；C：鉆孔；D：水庫建設(shè)；E：熱傳遞。由題干關(guān)鍵詞fluid定位至第二段：InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDR’s,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock（在所有試圖從HDR中回收能量的嘗試中，都需要人工增產(chǎn)來創(chuàng)造足夠的滲透性或有邊界的流動路徑，以便通過巖石表面的流體循環(huán)來清除熱量），由此可知，流體是用來散除熱量的，故選E項。

13.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞averagegeothermalgradientinanarea22°Cperkilometerofdepth定位至第五段。這一段講HDR的resourcebase（資源儲量）非常大，然后用22℃的情況對能源進(jìn)行估計（說明能源很多）。最后一句說，remainingproblem剩下的問題是如何平衡深、熱、高成本井和淺、冷、低成本井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，以及最終產(chǎn)品、電或熱的價值。再看選項：

I根據(jù)這段內(nèi)容，言下之意energy充足，發(fā)電完全可能（剩下唯一需要考慮的是投入成本），正確。

II因為還有投入成本需要考慮，當(dāng)然不是economicallyfeasible，不對。

III這一段沒提到，直接排除。

因此，答案選A項。

14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項的意思是：A：水源能源：商業(yè)系統(tǒng)的可行性；B：地?zé)崮茉椿厥眨夯鹕交顒雍透蔁釒r石；C：地下能源：地?zé)豳Y源被化石燃料取代；D：美國未來的可開發(fā)能源：干熱巖石；E：美國地?zé)崽荻雀撸簜髡f還是現(xiàn)實？本文講述了HDR能源在美國的發(fā)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用前景，通篇的關(guān)鍵詞為HDR。D項“美國未來的可開發(fā)能源：干熱巖石”最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。

10.單選題

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen______inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

問題1選項

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項glide“滑行，滑翔”；B選項cruise“（船，飛機(jī)）航行，游行”；C選項pilot“駕駛，領(lǐng)航”；D選項patrol“巡邏，巡查”。根據(jù)inthemiddleofthePacific可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：衛(wèi)星通信高度發(fā)達(dá)，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和辦公室及時聯(lián)系，就好像他們在隔壁一樣。

11.單選題

Mostpersonsexperiencea（

）increaseinmemoryproblemsastheygetolder,particularlywithregardtotheabilitytorememberrelativelyrecentexperiences.

問題1選項

A.modest

B.razor-sharp

C.time-consuming

D.prompt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項modest“謙虛的；較小的”；B選項razor-sharp“鋒利的；犀利的”；C選項time-consuming“耗時的；曠日持久的”；D選項prompt“敏捷的；迅速的”句意：隨著年齡的增長，大多數(shù)人的記憶問題……增多，在記憶相對較近期經(jīng)歷的能力方面更為明顯。隨著年齡增加，記憶問題是逐漸增多的，因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Hisillnessfirst（）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

問題1選項

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他的病最初表癥為胃痛和頭痛。

考查動詞辨析。express表達(dá)；manifest表癥，顯現(xiàn)；reflect反應(yīng)；display展示。根據(jù)胃痛和頭痛可知，B項符合句意。

13.單選題

Inourgreatsocialistcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingselflesslyto（）povertyandbackwardness.

問題1選項

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項figureout“理解，算出”；B選項wipeout“消滅，消除”；C選項carryout“實行”；D選項takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我們偉大的社會主義國家里，千百萬普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無私地工作著。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Ideas（）fromone'sownexperiencearesometimesmorevaluablethanthosefrombooks.

問題1選項

A.derived

B.deprived

C.retreated

D.restored

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。derivefrom"來自……"；deprive"剝奪，使喪失"，后面一般接介詞of；retreat"撤退"；restore"歸還，使恢復(fù)"。句意：人的經(jīng)驗之談有時比書本里的話更有價值。選項A正確。

15.單選題

Themailwas（）fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.

問題1選項

A.heldback

B.heldout

C.heldup

D.heldon

【答案】A

【解析】heldback隱瞞,

退縮,

控制,

阻止；heldout提出,

顯示；heldup舉起,

提出,

支持；heldon等一下,

繼續(xù)。句意：由于暴風(fēng)雪的原因,

郵件延誤了兩天。只有選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

TheIndianwarsgreatly（

）thedangersoffrontierlife.

問題1選項

A.accumulated

B.challenged

C.multiplied

D.enriched

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。accumulate“積聚；堆積”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；multiply“繁殖，乘，增加”；enrich“使豐富”。句意：印度戰(zhàn)爭極大增加了邊境生命的危險性。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiographynotforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkinthepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBiblearethisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsbiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,he"unauthorized"characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress,Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe"story"ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

問題2選項

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

問題3選項

A.itportraysthesubjectsbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

問題4選項

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.當(dāng)傳記的主人公是英雄或名人時，傳記往往揭示出一些動機(jī)：有的動機(jī)試圖表明傳記的主人公和我們一樣只是普通人，有的傳記就是要激勵我們讓我們超越自己。”可知寫傳記有很多目的，舉例也是為了表明傳記可有不同的目的。答案A

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段和第二段“Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography——notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.同樣，一個國王的仆人可能不是為國王寫傳記的最佳人選。但是一個外國人可能沒有寫國王傳記所必需的知識和同情心——至少不是為王國的讀者寫的。對于這樣的任務(wù)，沒有理想的職位?！笨芍獩]有完美的人選來寫傳記，即沒有人能寫出完美的傳記。故D項正確。ABC三項與文中內(nèi)容不符。

第3題:推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inbookpromotions,the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppre