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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)東方學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor()acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.blatant
B.surreptitious
C.suspicious
D.conspicuous
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。blatant“喧囂的,炫耀的”;surreptitious“秘密的”;suspicious“可疑的”;conspicuous“顯而易見(jiàn)的”。句意:毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),不誠(chéng)實(shí)或秘密獲取的信息通常是壓倒性的證據(jù),表明這種信息是機(jī)密的,不屬于辯護(hù)人員技能和知識(shí)的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
2.單選題
Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis(
)ideaaboutthetrip.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.weary
B.twilight
C.unanimous
D.weird
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:沒(méi)有人知道他是怎么想出這么一個(gè)旅行點(diǎn)子。
weary:疲倦的,使人厭煩的。twilight:虛幻的,暮年的。unanimous:意見(jiàn)一致的。weird:怪異的,不可思議的。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。
3.單選題
W:Goodtoseeyou.Youlookfatterandbetter.
M:Thanks.Ihadalotofexerciseanddrankvegetablejuiceeveryday.
Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Themanusedtobeunhealthy
B.Themandoesn’thaveasmuchexerciseasheusedto.
C.Themanatealoteveryday.
D.Themanhasbecomeabetterperson
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)女士的話“你看起來(lái)更胖,更好了。”可知D選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)人變得更好了’正確。
4.單選題
Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa()sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lucrative
B.ostensible
C.orthodox
D.tentative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lucrative“有利可圖的,賺錢的”;B選項(xiàng)ostensible“表面的,假裝的”;C選項(xiàng)orthodox“正統(tǒng)的;慣常的”;D選項(xiàng)tentative“不確定的,暫定的;猶豫的”。句意:在所有的古典作曲家中,柴可夫斯基是一個(gè)名副其實(shí)的金礦,他總是創(chuàng)造出大受市場(chǎng)歡迎的主題作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative與其意思對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
I()himatonceasanAmericanwhenhesteppedontothestagewiththreeotheractors.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.regarded
B.deemed
C.spotted
D.discerned
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析A:regard“把……認(rèn)作”;B:deem“看做,認(rèn)為”;C:spot“認(rèn)出”;D:discern“識(shí)別,看出”。句意:當(dāng)他和其他三個(gè)演員一起登上舞臺(tái)時(shí),我立即就認(rèn)出他是美國(guó)人了。根據(jù)句意,C為正確答案。
6.翻譯題
國(guó)際間的禮品贈(zèng)予已經(jīng)成了文化的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域。各種文化中的禁忌都有所不同。要贈(zèng)送他人得當(dāng)?shù)亩Y品就必須了解對(duì)方的文化。
在某些文化中,適時(shí)贈(zèng)予符合時(shí)尚的合適的禮品,不僅會(huì)增進(jìn)個(gè)人之間的關(guān)系,也能提高公司和個(gè)人的形象。合適的禮品可以表達(dá)對(duì)他人的尊重,同樣也表現(xiàn)出公司和個(gè)人的形象,以及實(shí)現(xiàn)全球化的技能和實(shí)力。在人際關(guān)系十分重要的文化中,禮品反映公司的形象和意圖。同時(shí),潛在的合作伙伴可以進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會(huì)你以及你公司的想法和未來(lái)可能采取的行動(dòng)。然而,贈(zèng)予禮品的主要目的是,向接受者表示敬意,讓他們感到愉快。如果把這一點(diǎn)牢記在心,你就不可能贈(zèng)送他人不合適的禮品。你的禮品就更不可能會(huì)侮辱對(duì)方。
國(guó)際間禮品贈(zèng)予的基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)是:你贈(zèng)送的禮品最好是本國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。要特別細(xì)心,弄清禮品的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)地,以避免對(duì)接受禮品的人造成任何無(wú)禮的后果。
【答案】Internationalgift-givinghasbecomeadangerouszoneofculture,andeachculturehasitsowntaboos.Togivepropergiftstoothers,onemustunderstandthecultureofthereceivers.
Insomecultures,givingtheappropriateandfashionablegifttimely,notonlyadvancespersonalrelationships,butcanenhancetheimageofthecompanyandtheindividual.Therightgiftcanshowrespectforothers,andindicatetheimageofacompanyoranindividual,aswellastheskillsandstrengthtoachieveglobalization.Inaculturewhererelationshipsareimportant,giftsreflectacompany’simageandintentions.Atthesametime,potentialpartnerscangaininsightintowhatyouandyourcompanyarethinkingandwhatyoumightdointhefuture.However,themainpurposeofgift-givingistoshowyourhonortotherecipientsandmakethemfeelhappy.Ifyoukeepthisinmind,itwillbeimpossibleforyoutogiveothersinappropriategifts,letaloneinsultinggifts.
Thebasicexperienceininternationalgift-givingis:yourgifthadbettertobemanufacturedinyourhomecountry.Takespecialcaretomakesurewherethegiftwasmadesoasnottocauseanyrudenesstotherecipient.
7.單選題
InmostAmericancities,therentforaone-bedroomapartmentwas$250ormorepermonthinrecentyears.InsomesmallercitiessuchasLouisville,KentuckyorJacksonville,Floridatherentwasless,butinlargercitiesitwasmore.Forexample,ifyoulivedinLosAngeles,youhadtopay$400ormoretorentaone-bedroomapartment,andthesameapartmentrentedfor$625andupinChicago.ThemostexpensiverentsintheU.S.wereinNewYorkCity,whereyouhadtopayatleast$700amonthtorentaone-bedroomapartmentinmostpartsofthecity.
Rentersandcityplannersareworriedaboutthehighcostofrentingapartments.Manycitiesnowhaverent-controllawstokeepthecostofrentinglow.Theselawshelplow-incomefamilieswhocannotpayhighrents.
RentcontrolintheUnitedStatesbeganin1943whenthegovernmentimposedrentcontrolsonallAmericancitiestohelpworkersandthefamiliesofsoldiersduringWorldWarII.Afterthewar,onlyonecity—NewYork—continuedtheseWorldWarIIcontrols.Recently,moreandmorecitieshavereturnedtorentcontrols.Atthebeginningofthe1980s,nearlyonefifthofthepeopleintheUnitedStateslivedincitieswithrent-controllaws.
Manycitieshaverent-controllaws,butwhyarerentssohigh?Buildersandlandlordsblamerentcontrolsforthehighrents.Rentsarehighbecausetherearenotenoughapartmentstorent,andtheyblamerentcontrolsfortheshortageofapartments.Builderswantmoremoneytobuildmoreapartmentbuildings,andlandlordswantmoremoneytorepairtheiroldapartmentbuildings.Buttheycannotincreaserentstogetthismoneybecauseoftherent-controllaws.Asaresult,landlordsarenotrepairingtheiroldapartments,andbuildersarenotbuildingnewapartmentstoreplacetheoldapartmentbuildings.Buildersarebuildingapartmentforhigh-incomefamilies,notlow-incomefamilies,solow-incomefamiliesmustliveinoldapartmentsthatareindisrepair.Buildersandlandlordsclaimthatrent-controllawsreallyhurtlow-incomefamilies.
Manyrentersdisagreewiththem.Theysayrentcontrolisnottheproblem.Evenwithoutrentcontrols,buildersandlandlordswillcontinuetoignorelow-incomehousingbecausetheycanmakemoremoneyfromhigh-incomehousing.Theonlyanswer,theyclaim,ismorerentcontrolsandgovernmenthelpforlow-incomehousing.
1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?
2.TheaimoftheU.S.governmentinimplementingrentcontrolsinAmericacitiesin1943wastohelp____.
3.ThispassageimpliesthatthehighcostofrentingapartmentisworriedbyallEXCEPT____.
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatrentcontrols____.
5.Fromthepassagewelearnthatmanyrentersdisagreewith____.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheHighestRent
B.RentControls
C.BuildingApartmentsforLow-IncomeFamilies
D.Rent-ControlLaws
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.workersandthefamiliesofsoldiers
B.low-incomefamilies
C.high-incomefamilies
D.onefifthofitspopulation
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.somecitygovernment
B.low-incomefamilies
C.rentersandcityplanners
D.buildersandlandlords
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.seemsunabletocontrolhighrents
B.issuccessful
C.isfavoredbybuildersandlandlords
D.willbecancelled
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.buildersandlandlords
B.thegovernment
C.low-incomefamilies
D.cityplanners
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題?
A.TheHighestRentA.最高的租金
B.RentControlsB.租金控制
C.BuildingApartmentsforLow-IncomeFamiliesC.為低收入家庭建造公寓
D.Rent-ControlLawsD.租金控制法
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題
【解題思路】梳理各段核心句,提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞:
第一段:第二句,該句提到“在美國(guó)一些較小的城市,租金較低,但在較大的城市,租金較高?!北径沃饕榻B美國(guó)一些大城市房屋租金高的問(wèn)題;
第二段:第二句,該句提到“許多城市現(xiàn)在都有控制租金的法律,以保持低租金?!北径沃饕榻B控制租金的法律(rent-controllaws)的出臺(tái);
第三段:第一句,該句提到“美國(guó)對(duì)租金的控制(Rentcontrol)始于1943年”,第三句,該句提到“最近,越來(lái)越多的城市恢復(fù)了對(duì)租金的控制(rentcontrols),將近五分之一的美國(guó)人居住在有租金控制法(rent-controllaws)的城市。”本段主要是追溯美國(guó)租金控制的歷史;
第四段:第一、二句以及最后一句,這幾句提到“許多城市都有房租控制法(rent-controllaws),但房租依舊很高,建筑商和房東將高租金歸咎于租金控制(rentcontrolsforthehighrents)”本段主要講“建筑商和房東對(duì)租金控制(rentcontrols)的看法;
第五段:第一句:該句提到“許多租客不同意這種說(shuō)法(第四段的說(shuō)法)?!北径沃饕榻B租客對(duì)高租金的看法,最后一句提到“他們聲稱,唯一的答案是更多的租金控制(rentcontrols)和政府對(duì)低收入住房的幫助?!北径谓榻B租客對(duì)房租高以及租金控制的看法。
復(fù)現(xiàn)詞:租金控制(rentcontrols);租金控制法(rent-controllaws)
綜上所述,本文的主要話題是“美國(guó)對(duì)房租的控制”,首段通過(guò)美國(guó)租金高的問(wèn)題,引出關(guān)于租金控制的話題,接著分別提到了針對(duì)租金控制的法律、建筑商和房東對(duì)于租金控制的看法,以及租客對(duì)于高租金和租金控制的看法。因此,B選項(xiàng)“租金控制”最適合做本文的標(biāo)題。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“最高的租金”,租金高只是引出租金控制這一話題的一個(gè)背景信息,不適合做文章標(biāo)題,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;
C選項(xiàng)“為低收入家庭建造公寓”,這是解決美國(guó)租金高問(wèn)題的辦法之一,但本文主要分析的是租金控制的辦法,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;
D選項(xiàng)“租金控制法”,關(guān)于控制租金的法律只是本文提到的關(guān)于“租金控制”的一個(gè)方面,文中還提到了建筑商、房東以及租客對(duì)于租金控制的看法,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
TheaimoftheU.S.governmentinimplementingrentcontrolsinAmericacitiesin1943wastohelp____.1943年,美國(guó)政府在美國(guó)城市實(shí)施房租管制的目的是為了幫助____。
A.workersandthefamiliesofsoldiersA.工人和士兵家屬
B.low-incomefamiliesB.低收入家庭
C.high-incomefamiliesC.高收入家庭
D.onefifthofitspopulationD.五分之一的人口
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞rentcontrolsinAmericacitiesin1943定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“美國(guó)的租金管制始于1943年,當(dāng)時(shí)政府在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間對(duì)所有美國(guó)城市實(shí)行租金管制,以幫助工人和士兵家屬(tohelpworkersandthefamiliesofsoldiers)?!庇纱丝芍?943年,美國(guó)政府在美國(guó)城市實(shí)施房租管制的目的是為了幫助A選項(xiàng)“工人和士兵家屬”,本題正確答案為A。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“低收入家庭”,可定位到原文第四段倒數(shù)第二句,該句提到“建設(shè)企業(yè)是為高收入家庭(high-incomefamilies)而不是低收入家庭(low-incomefamilies)建造公寓?!庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān),屬于出處錯(cuò)位;
C選項(xiàng)“高收入家庭”,可定位到原文第四段倒數(shù)第二句,該句提到“建設(shè)企業(yè)是為高收入家庭(high-incomefamilies)而不是低收入家庭(low-incomefamilies)建造公寓?!庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān),屬于出處錯(cuò)位;
D選項(xiàng)“五分之一的人口”,可定位到原文第三段最后一句,該句提到“在20世紀(jì)80年代初(Atthebeginningofthe1980s),將近五分之一的美國(guó)人(onefifthofthepeople)居住在有租金控制法的城市?!庇纱丝芍?,該選項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān),屬于出處錯(cuò)位。
第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
ThispassageimpliesthatthehighcostofrentingapartmentisworriedbyallEXCEPT____.本文暗示除了____,所有人都在擔(dān)心租房的高成本。
A.somecitygovernmentA.一些城市的政府
B.low-incomefamiliesB.低收入家庭
C.rentersandcityplannersC.租客和城市規(guī)劃者
D.buildersandlandlordsD.建筑商和房東
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞EXCEPT可知,本文要求選擇的是不擔(dān)心租房的高成本的人。D選項(xiàng)“建筑商和房東”,可定位到原文最后一段第三句,該句提到“即使沒(méi)有租金管制,建筑商和房東(buildersandlandlords)也會(huì)繼續(xù)忽視保障性住房,因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詮母呤杖胱》恐匈嵢「嗟腻X。”由此推斷,租金高的房子會(huì)有收入高的人買或者租,建筑商和房東不需要擔(dān)心租金高的問(wèn)題,因此,D選項(xiàng)“建筑商和房東”符合題意。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“一些城市的政府”,可定位到原文第二段第二句,該句提到“許多城市現(xiàn)在都有租金控制法,以保持低租金。”由此可知,政府出臺(tái)了相關(guān)的法律以控制過(guò)高的租金,所以政府也是擔(dān)心租房成本過(guò)高問(wèn)題的,該選項(xiàng)不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“低收入家庭”,可定位到原文第二段最后一句,該句提到“這些法律幫助了無(wú)力支付高額租金的低收入家庭。”由此可知,低收入家庭支付不起過(guò)高的租房成本,所以他們也是擔(dān)心租房的高成本的人,該選項(xiàng)不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“租客和城市規(guī)劃者”,可定位到原文第二段第一句,該句提到“租客和城市規(guī)劃者(Rentersandcityplanners)擔(dān)心(areworriedabout)租房的高成本。”由此可知,該選項(xiàng)不符合題意,屬于反向干擾;
第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatrentcontrols____.從文章中可以推斷出租金控制____。
A.seemsunabletocontrolhighrentsA.似乎無(wú)法控制高租金
B.issuccessfulB.是成功的
C.isfavoredbybuildersandlandlordsC.受到建筑商和房東的青睞
D.willbecancelledD.將會(huì)被取消
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】原文第四段第一句提到“許多城市都有房租控制法,但為什么房租這么高呢?”由此可知,雖然有控制租金的法律,但是房租沒(méi)有得到有效的控制,依舊還是很高,A選項(xiàng)“似乎無(wú)法控制高租金”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“是成功的”,對(duì)租金的控制并沒(méi)有有效地控制房租的租金,因此,租金控制不是很成功,該選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“受到建筑商和房東的青睞”,可定位到原文第四段第三、四、五句,這幾句提到“他們將公寓短缺歸咎于租金管制(blamerentcontrolsfortheshortageofapartments)。建筑商想要更多的錢來(lái)建造更多的公寓大樓,房東想要更多的錢來(lái)修復(fù)他們的舊公寓大樓。但是由于租金控制法,他們不能通過(guò)提高租金來(lái)獲得這筆錢。”由此可知,建筑商和房東也不喜歡租金控制,該選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“將會(huì)被取消”,可定位到原文最后一段最后一句,該句提到“唯一的答案是更多的租金控制(morerentcontrols)和政府對(duì)低收入住房的幫助。”由此可知,解決租金高的問(wèn)題還需要更多的租金控制,所以不會(huì)被取消,該選項(xiàng)不符合原文,屬于反向干擾。
第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Fromthepassagewelearnthatmanyrentersdisagreewith____.從文章中我們了解到,許多租客不同意____。
A.buildersandlandlordsA.建筑商和房東
B.thegovernmentB.政府
C.low-incomefamiliesC.低收入家庭
D.cityplannersD.城市規(guī)劃者
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞manyrentersdisagreewith定位到原文最后一段第一句,該句提到“許多租客不同意他們(disagreewiththem)。”根據(jù)原文上一段講的是建筑商和房東對(duì)租金控制的看法,原文第四段最后一句提到“建筑商和房東(Buildersandlandlords)聲稱,租金控制法確實(shí)傷害了低收入家庭?!庇纱送茢?,them指代的是上文中的Buildersandlandlords,因此,A選項(xiàng)“建筑商和房東”符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“政府”、C選項(xiàng)“低收入家庭”、D選項(xiàng)“城市規(guī)劃者”,原文并未提及租客不同意他們,屬于無(wú)中生有。
8.問(wèn)答題
(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths;inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator,”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(動(dòng)脈硬化).
ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).
【答案】1:AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.
2:Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.
3:Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.
9.單選題
Hishumorousremark(
)thetensionatthemeeting.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.released
B.replaced
C.relieved
D.retained
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他幽默的言辭緩和了會(huì)議上的緊張氣氛。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Release釋放,放出,發(fā)泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve緩和,解除,減輕;retain保持。由關(guān)鍵詞thetension(緊張局勢(shì))可知C符合句意。
10.單選題
Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposedhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappealtobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterthenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.
Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,Wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.
Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,’’theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessary,prerequisitetoWisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.
1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus(
).
3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen
(
).
4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means
(
).
5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.AdvocatingViolence.
B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.
C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesViolenceasaLegitimateSolution.
D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.violenceneversolvesanything
B.nothing
C.thebloodshedmeansnothing
D.everything
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.can’tgetahearing
B.arelookeddownupon
C.arepersecuted
D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening
B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore
C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening
D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.lawenforcement
B.knowledge
C.nonviolence
D.moppinguptheviolent
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是……”。文章提到有些國(guó)家的人傾向于用暴力解決問(wèn)題,這種行為甚至被認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的(Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned),接著又提到暴力解決不了問(wèn)題,只會(huì)讓問(wèn)題更尖銳(Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute),因此,選項(xiàng)B“暴力不能解決任何種族糾紛”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的“有記錄的歷史教會(huì)我們……”。文章第一段提到“人類有記載的那些關(guān)于暴力的歷史完全沒(méi)有教我們?nèi)魏螙|西”(Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing),因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“可以推斷真正理智的人……”。文章第二段第一二句提到“真正理智的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的方法越來(lái)越難以被傾聽(tīng)。他們被自己的同類鄙視,不信任、甚至迫害,因?yàn)樗麄冃麚P(yáng)的是讓他人憤怒的事情”(Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement),選項(xiàng)D“在支持執(zhí)法上遇到困難”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“‘Hewasnonethewiser’意味著……”。文章第三段提到“聽(tīng)了一場(chǎng)冗長(zhǎng)的辯論后,法官抱怨說(shuō),聽(tīng)了這番話,他還是一竅不通”(Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser),因此選項(xiàng)C“傾聽(tīng)后他什么都沒(méi)得到”符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在作者看來(lái),消除種族歧視問(wèn)題的最好辦法是……”。文章第二段最后一句話提到“只要我們?cè)诜煽蚣軆?nèi)努力,真正的與長(zhǎng)久的解決辦法將有可能”(Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw),選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
11.案例題
Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleastenyearsago.youcannothelpbeingstruckbytheappearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhair-stylesandmake-uplookdated:theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.Thementakingpartinthefilm,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthattheybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.
Thisillusioniscreatedbychangingfashions.(1).
Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyearafewso-calledtopdesignersinParisorLondonlaydownthelawandwomenoverthewholeworldrushtoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.Thisyear,theydecideintheirarbitraryfashion,skirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;zipsareinandbuttonsareout.Nextyearthelawisreversedandfarfromtakingexception,nooneisevenmildlysurprised.
Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryeartheyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.(2).Clothes,whichhavebeenworn,onlyafewtimeshavetobediscardedbecauseofthedictatesoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomeniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.
(3).Manywomensquandervastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Women,whocannotaffordtodiscardclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimealteringthedressestheyhave.Hem-limesaretakenuporletdown;waist-linesaretakeninorletout;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.
(4).Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,providingtheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn'tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshiveringinaflimsydressonawintryday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowindaintyshoes.
(5).Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen'sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofficklenessandinstability?Menaretoosensibletoletthemselvesbebulliedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.
A.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethanthedeliberatecreationofwaste.
B.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.
C.Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomeninthemaileroffashionisfascinating.
D.Overtheyear,thegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakethemchangetheirstyleofdress.
E.Becausetheyshudderatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyareannuallyblack-mailedbythedesignersandthebigstores.
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatoetofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.
【答案】(1)D
(2)E
(3)A
(4)B
(5)C
【解析】1.上文提到,電影中的女士會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得外表和現(xiàn)在相比差別很大,而男士卻沒(méi)什么變化。這種錯(cuò)覺(jué)是由不斷變化的時(shí)尚造成的。填空處的下文提到女性對(duì)時(shí)尚改變的態(tài)度和反應(yīng),由此可推斷,填空處應(yīng)該是指男士對(duì)時(shí)尚改變的態(tài)度,兩者形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)D正確。
2.上一句提到:如果婦女年復(fù)一年受到無(wú)情的剝削,那只能怪她們自己。選項(xiàng)E道出了受到無(wú)情剝削的原因,符合原文邏輯。
3.本段主要講述女性浪費(fèi)金錢購(gòu)買衣服或花費(fèi)時(shí)間修改衣服。選項(xiàng)A概括了本段內(nèi)容。
4.本段主要講設(shè)計(jì)師們只關(guān)注服裝的外在形式,而并不關(guān)注實(shí)用的東西。選項(xiàng)B符合本段大意。
5.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容:人們不禁要問(wèn),不斷變化的女裝時(shí)尚是否反映了基本原則易變和不穩(wěn)定的特性?接下來(lái)提到男士對(duì)待時(shí)尚的態(tài)度。作者對(duì)男女對(duì)待時(shí)尚的不同態(tài)度提出了質(zhì)疑。選項(xiàng)C符合原文邏輯。
12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe(1)halfofthe19thcentury;mostof(2)werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat(3)duringtheFirstWorldWar,when(4)ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedented(前所未有的)numbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished(5)inmunitions(軍火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.(6)thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose(7),thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,(8),federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol(9)thedaynurseries,chieflyby(10)them.
The(11)oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere(12)calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis(13)theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,(14)$6,000,000inJuly,1942foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities(15)thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared(16)indaycarecentersreceivingfederal(17).Soonafterward,thefederalgovernment(18)cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater(19)them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir(20)attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.late
B.latter
C.other
D.first
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.those
B.whose
C.them
D.imitation
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.impetus
B.input
C.imitation
D.initiative
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.sources
B.abundance
C.shortage
D.reduction
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.hardly
B.entirely
C.even
D.only
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.Because
B.As
C.Since
D.Although
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.unanimously
B.sharply
C.predominantly
D.militantly
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.therefore
B.consequently
C.moreover
D.however
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.over
B.in
C.at
D.about
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.labeling
B.formulating
C.patenting
D.licensing
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.outset
B.outbreak
C.breakthrough
D.breakdown
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.again
B.thus
C.repeatedly
D.yet
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.circumstance
B.case
C.occasion
D.situation
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.regulating
B.summoning
C.allocating
D.transferring
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.expanded
B.facilitated
C.supplemented
D.compensated
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.after
C.of
D.for
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.pensions
B.subsidies
C.revenues
D.budgets
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.prevalently
B.furiously
C.drastically
D.statistically
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.diminished
B.abolished
C.jeopardized
D.precluded
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.nurseries
B.jobs
C.homes
D.children
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:C
第6題:D
第7題:B
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:B
第12題:A
第13題:C
第14題:C
第15題:C
第16題:D
第17題:B
第18題:C
第19題:B
第20題:B
【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上文第一家托兒所是在1854年開的,所以說(shuō)空格處應(yīng)該填“19世紀(jì)下半葉”,根據(jù)固定搭配thelatterhalfof“……下半葉”,答案選B。
第2題:考查代詞。A選項(xiàng)those“這些”;B選項(xiàng)whose“他們的”;C選項(xiàng)them“他們”;D選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿”。句意:大多數(shù)都具有慈善性質(zhì)。這里填的內(nèi)容是用來(lái)指代托兒所,所以排除D。選B選項(xiàng)會(huì)造成語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,所以不選;mostof后面要用人稱代詞,所以答案選C。
第3題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)impetus“動(dòng)力,推動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)input“輸入”;C選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿”D選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán),積極性”。句意:第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,在歐洲和美國(guó),日間托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)得到(),當(dāng)人力()造成女性就業(yè)數(shù)量達(dá)到前所未有的程度。這里因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng),造成男性勞動(dòng)力缺失,女性走出家門去工作,所以托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)獲得了動(dòng)力,答案選A。
第4題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)sources“來(lái)源,出處”;B選項(xiàng)abundance“充裕,豐富”;C選項(xiàng)shortage“缺乏”,D選項(xiàng)reduction“減少”。句意:第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,在歐洲和美國(guó),日間托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)得到(),當(dāng)()人力造成女性就業(yè)數(shù)量達(dá)到前所未有的程度。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使男性上了戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),造成了男性勞動(dòng)力的缺失,所以女性走出門來(lái)了,由此可知答案選C。
第5題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不”;B選項(xiàng)entirely“完全地”;C選項(xiàng)even“甚至”;D選項(xiàng)only“只,僅僅”。句意:一些歐洲國(guó)家在政府直接贊助下,托兒所()建立在軍火庫(kù)里。這里根據(jù)句意就是政府贊助,所以托兒所建在軍火庫(kù)里,所以A不選;B、D選項(xiàng)代入題中不相應(yīng),所以排除;托兒所建立在軍火庫(kù)里是一件有點(diǎn)讓人意外的事情,所以答案選C。
第6題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)Because“因?yàn)椤?;B選項(xiàng)As“正如;因?yàn)?;盡管”;C選項(xiàng)Since“自從”;D選項(xiàng)Although“盡管”。句意:()美國(guó)托兒所的數(shù)量也增加(),這一增長(zhǎng)是在沒(méi)有任何政府援助的情況下完成的。托兒所數(shù)量增加和沒(méi)有政府幫助之間存在的關(guān)系不會(huì)是因果關(guān)系和時(shí)間邏輯關(guān)系,反而讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系會(huì)更恰當(dāng),所以答案選D。選as作為讓步狀語(yǔ)的連接詞位于句首時(shí),句子需要倒裝,所以B不選。
第7題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)unanimously“全體一致地”;B選項(xiàng)sharply“急劇地”C選項(xiàng)predominantly“主要地”;D選項(xiàng)militantly“好戰(zhàn)地,強(qiáng)硬地”。這里的空格后面接的是動(dòng)詞rise,而能和rise搭配的只有B,急劇地上升,所以答案選B。
第8題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)therefore“因此”;B選項(xiàng)consequently“最終地,結(jié)果”;C選項(xiàng)moreover“而且,此外”,D選項(xiàng)however“無(wú)論如何,然而可是”。句意:在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后的幾年里,(),聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府逐漸開始采取措施,主要是由他們來(lái)()日間托兒所。根據(jù)上文,托兒所在世界大戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候蓬勃發(fā)展,而世界大戰(zhàn)之后政府部門開始管控了,這兩個(gè)事情之間存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系不是遞進(jìn)或者因果關(guān)系,所以答案選C。
第9題:考查固定搭配。句意:地方政府逐漸開始采取措施控制日間托兒所。結(jié)合選項(xiàng),這里能夠和control搭配的介詞只有over,所以答案選A。
第10題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)“貼標(biāo)簽,分類”;B選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)的闡述,指定……的配方”;C選項(xiàng)“給……專利”;D選項(xiàng)“給……發(fā)牌”。句意:地方政府逐漸開始采取措施控制日間托兒所,主要是由他們來(lái)控制……。這里根據(jù)邏輯,政府部門能夠控制的只有發(fā)放營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照,所以答案選D。
第11題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)outset“開始,開端”;B選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā),發(fā)作”;C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破,突破性進(jìn)展”;D選項(xiàng)breakdown“故障,分解”。句意:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)()后,幾乎所有國(guó)家的日間托兒所數(shù)量都迅速增加……。這里能夠跟戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)搭配的只有A、B選項(xiàng),根據(jù)句意是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā),所以導(dǎo)致托兒所的數(shù)量增加,所以答案選B。
第12題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)again“再次”;B選項(xiàng)thus“因此”;C選項(xiàng)repeatedly“不斷的,重復(fù)的”;D選項(xiàng)yet“盡管”。句意:在工廠里,女人被()要求取代男人。根據(jù)上文,在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)里女性已經(jīng)進(jìn)入工廠了,所以答案選A。
第13題:考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)circumstance“環(huán)境,情況”;B選項(xiàng)case“情況,實(shí)例”;C選項(xiàng)occasion“時(shí)機(jī),場(chǎng)合”;D選項(xiàng)situation“情形”。句意:在這種(),美國(guó)政府立即出面支持托兒所。這里的詞義填“情形”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵介詞on,這里填C:onthisoccasion在這種場(chǎng)合下。
第14題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regulating“調(diào)節(jié)”;B選項(xiàng)
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