考研考博-英語-呂梁學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-呂梁學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ironically,theintellectualtoolscurrentlybeingusedbythepoliticalrighttosuchharmfuleffectoriginatedontheacademicleft.Inthe1960sand1970saphilosophicalmovementcalledpostmodernismdevelopedamonghumanitiesprofessors（1）beingdeposedbyscience,whichtheyregardedasright-leaning.Postmodernism（2）ideasfromculturalanthropologyandrelativitytheorytoarguethattruthis（3）andsubjecttotheassumptionsandprejudicesoftheobserver.Scienceisjustoneofmanywaysofknowing,theyargued,neithermorenorless（4）thanothers,likethoseofAborigines,NativeAmericansorwomen.（5），theydefinedscienceasthewayofknowingamongWesternwhitemenandatoolofcultural（6）.Thisargument（7）withmanyfeministsandcivil-rightsactivistsandbecamewidelyadopted,leadingtothe“politicalcorrectness”justifiably（8）byRushLimbaughandthe“mentalmasturbation”lampoonedbyWoodyAllen.

Acceptanceofthisrelativisticworldview（9）democracyandleadsnottotolerancebuttoauthoritarianism.JohnLocke,oneofJefferson’s“trinityofthreegreatestmen,”showed（10）almostthreecenturiesago.LockewatchedthearguingfactionsofProtestantism,eachclaimingtobetheonetruereligion,andasked:Howdoweknowsomethingtobetrue?Whatisthebasisofknowledge?In1689he（11）whatknowledgeisandhowitisgroundedinobservationsofthephysicalworldinAnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding.Anyclaimthatfailsthistestis“butfaith,oropinion,butnotknowledge.”Itwasthisidea—thattheworldisknowableandthatobjective,empiricalknowledgeisthemost（12）basisforpublicpolicythatstoodasJefferson’sfoundationalargumentfordemocracy.

Byfalsely（13）knowledgewithopinion,postmodernistsandantiscienceconservativesalikecollapseourthinkingbacktoapre-Enlightenmentera,leavingnocommonbasisforpublicpolicy.Publicdiscourseis（14）toendlesswaningopinions,noneseenasmorevalidthananother.Policyisdeterminedbytheloudestvoices,reducingustoaworldinwhichmight（15）right—thedefinitionofauthoritarianism.

問題1選項

A.satisfiedwith

B.angrywith

C.displeasedat

D.proudof

問題2選項

A.discounted

B.doubted

C.adopted

D.shared

問題3選項

A.objective

B.subjective

C.cultural

D.relative

問題4選項

A.variable

B.valid

C.valuable

D.various

問題5選項

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Otherwise

D.Furthermore

問題6選項

A.assimilation

B.inhibition

C.representation

D.oppression

問題7選項

A.resonated

B.agreed

C.appealed

D.responded

問題8選項

A.liked

B.approved

C.verified

D.hated

問題9選項

A.offsets

B.produces

C.undermines

D.strengthens

問題10選項

A.when

B.what

C.why

D.which

問題11選項

A.found

B.defined

C.dictated

D.claimed

問題12選項

A.practical

B.equal

C.useful

D.equitable

問題13選項

A.identifying

B.equipping

C.equating

D.confusing

問題14選項

A.deduced

B.introduced

C.conduced

D.reduced

問題15選項

A.decides

B.causes

C.makes

D.creates

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】（1）考查形容詞辨析。Satisfiedwith“對……感到滿意”；angrywith“生某人的氣”；displeasedat“使……不快”；proudof“為……而感到驕傲”。句意：在20世紀60年代和70年代，一場名為后現(xiàn)代主義的哲學運動在人文學科教授中興起，這些教授被他們認為是右傾的科學驅(qū)之門外，他們感到非常不滿。因此選項C符合題意。

（2）考查動詞辨析。discount“打折扣；低估；忽視”；doubt“懷疑”；adopt“采??；過繼”；share“共享，分擔”。Postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義與ideas想法之間缺少的動詞選擇“采納、采取”更合適。句意：后現(xiàn)代主義采納了來自文化人類學和相對論的思想……因此選項C符合題意。

（3）考查形容詞辨析。objective“客觀的”；subjective“主觀的”；cultural“文化的”；relative“相對的”?？崭裉幒竺娴牟⒘羞B詞and用來連接truth的兩個屬性：其中一個是subjectto受制于，為符合語義應(yīng)選填relative。因此D選項符合題意。

（4）考查形容詞辨析。variable“易變的，多變的”；valid“有效的，合法的”；valuable“有價值的”；various“各種各樣的”。句意：他們認為，科學只是眾多認知方式中的一種，并不比其他方式多或少……。按照上下文，只有valid“有效的”符合，因此B選項符合題意。

（5）考查邏輯關(guān)系。however“然而”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；therefore“因此”表因果關(guān)系；otherwise“否則”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；furthermore“此外”表遞進關(guān)系。前文說科學只是眾多認知方式的一種，后文提到對科學的定義，由此可知前后文為遞進關(guān)系，因此D選項符合題意。

（6）考查名詞辨析。assimilation“同化”；inhibition“抑制”；representation“代表”；oppression“鎮(zhèn)壓”。前文中提到他們將科學定義為“白種人的認知方式”，可知這是一種“文化壓迫“的工具。因此D選項符合題意。

（7）考查固定搭配。由后文中“廣泛采用”可知，這一觀點受到許多女權(quán)主義者與民權(quán)活動家的認同。agree應(yīng)與by搭配才表示“受到某人認同”；而resonated與with搭配可以表示“得到回應(yīng)，引申為“被認同”。因此A選項符合題意。

（8）考查動詞辨析。like“喜歡，愛好”；approve“批準；贊成”；verify“核實，查證”；hate“憎恨，反感”。后文中的并列成分表示“這個運動受到WoodyAllen的諷刺”，可知空格處動詞也表示否定的含義，選項中只有D選項符合題意。

（9）考查動詞辨析。offset“抵消；補償”；produce“生產(chǎn)；引起”；undermine“破壞”；strengthen“加強，鞏固”。由后文中的authoritarianism獨裁主義，可知會破壞民主，因此C選項符合題意

（10）考查語法知識。句意：接受這種相對主義的世界觀會破壞民主，導致獨裁主義。大約三世紀前，JohnLock展示了出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因。選項中只有C選項符合題意。

（11）考查動詞辨析。Find“查找，找到”；define“定義；規(guī)定”；dictate“命令；口述”；claim“要求；聲稱”?？崭窈體hatknowledgeisandhowitis…表明是在下定義，因此選項B符合題意。

（12）考查形容詞辨析。practical“實際的，實用性的”；equal“平等的”；useful“有用的”；equitable“公平的”。句意：正是這種思想——世界是可知的，客觀的，以經(jīng)驗為依據(jù)的只是是公共政策最……基礎(chǔ)。前文強調(diào)民主，由此可推出：這一觀點認為經(jīng)驗為依據(jù)的只是是制定公共政策最公正的基礎(chǔ)。因此選項D符合題意。

（13）考查動詞辨析。identify“確定；識別；equip“裝備，配備”；equate“視為平等”；confuse“使混亂”。句意：錯誤地將知識……觀點。因此選項C符合題意。

（14）考查形近動詞辨析。deduce“推論；introduce“介紹；引進”；conduce“導致；有益”；reduce“減少；把……分解”。句意：公眾話語權(quán)……無止境的敵對觀點，沒有哪一觀點比其他觀點更為有效。這句話表達出的是否定的意思。因此選項D符合題意。

（15）考查動詞辨析。decide“決定”；cause“引起”；make“使得；成為……的原因”；create“創(chuàng)造”。破折號后表示“權(quán)勢即代表正確的定義”。makeright“使正確”因此C選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Safetydevices（

）inpreventingaccidentsintheworkshop.

問題1選項

A.assist

B.assure

C.assemble

D.contribute

【答案】A

【解析】句意:安全設(shè)備有助于防止車間出事故。

考查動詞辨析。Assist幫助,促進,assistindoingsth.協(xié)助做某事;assure保證,擔保;assemble集合,聚集,裝配;contribute貢獻,出力。因此A符合句意。

3.單選題

Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.

問題1選項

A.ofwhich

B.which

C.withwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。句意：生活在這個國家的西部有很多問題，其中獲取淡水還不是小問題。橫線到句尾是修飾problems的非限制性定語從句，語序還原為obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleastofproblems，A選項ofwhich符合題意。B選項which缺介詞；C選項withwhich和D選項forwhich介詞錯誤。因此A選項正確。

4.單選題

Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe（）ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.

問題1選項

A.witnesses

B.audiences

C.viewers

D.observers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：辯護律師正在詢問上個月謀殺案的目擊者之一的老人。witnesses表示目擊者，符合句意。

5.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（

）.

問題1選項

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在這家工廠，建議往往要等幾個月才能得到充分考慮。只有選項D符合句意。

6.翻譯題

41.我們必須全面深化改革，以釋放市場活力對沖經(jīng)濟下行壓力。

42.盡管財政收入增速放緩，支出壓力加大，但我們要堅持以人為本，持續(xù)增加民生投入。

43.在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)積極推廣政府和社會資本合作模式。

44.我們要全面推進依法治國，加快建設(shè)法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府。

45.中國節(jié)能環(huán)保市場潛力巨大，它可以成為新興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

7.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Whileabsorbingtheoutstandingachievementsofforeigncultures,wecannotbesatisfiedwithsimpleimitation.Indulgenceinsimpleimitationwoulddepriveusofcreativitysothatwewillnotbeabletoachieveanewartisticsophisticationorpresentourownexcellentworkstotheworld.Simpleimitationcannotbeequatedtonewconceptionatall.Thelatterisacombinationofmodemandtraditionalstyle,acombinationofforeignnations’andourownnation’scharacteristics,andacombinationofartisticandeducationalquality.

Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomainthemesoftheworldtoday.Maintainingglobalpeace,enhancingfriendshipandcooperation,andpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationsofallpeoples.Atpresent,worldwidestabilityanddevelopmentarethreatenedbysuchseriousproblemsaspoverty,unemployment,refugeeflows,crimes,populationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugabuse,andterrorism.Thoughdifferentintheirnationalconditions,Chinasaidwesterncountriessharebroadcommoninterestsonawiderangeofmajorinternationalissues.IamhappytoseetheimprovementandexpansionofChina’srelationswiththem.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplestandreadytomakeacontributiontotheloftycauseofpeaceanddevelopmenttogetherwiththegovernmentsandpeoplesofallcountries,includingthoseofwesterncountries,onthebasisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit.

【答案】在吸收外國文化的優(yōu)秀成果時，我們不能滿足于單純的模仿。沉溺于單純模仿會讓我們失去創(chuàng)造力，致使我們無法達到一個新的藝術(shù)程度或向世界展示我們自己的優(yōu)秀作品。單純的模仿無法等同于新觀念。后者是現(xiàn)代風格與傳統(tǒng)風格的結(jié)合，是外國特色與本國特色的結(jié)合，是藝術(shù)素質(zhì)與教育素質(zhì)的結(jié)合。

和平與發(fā)展是當今世界的兩大主題。維護世界和平、增進友誼與合作、促進共同發(fā)展是各國人民的共同愿望。當前，貧困、失業(yè)、難民流動、犯罪、人口爆炸、環(huán)境惡化、毒品泛濫、恐怖主義等嚴重問題威脅著世界的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。中國表示，盡管西方各國國情不同，但在一系列重大國際問題上有著廣泛的共同利益。我很高興看到中國與他們的關(guān)系得到改善與發(fā)展。中國政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，同包括西方國家在內(nèi)的各國政府和人民一道，為和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)做出貢獻。

8.單選題

IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.

Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.

Secretaries,mechanics,andbarberscantakeclassestoimprovetheirworkskills.Nursescantakeclassestoincreasetheirknowledgeofnursing.Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.

Continuingeducationclassesgivesomeadultsthechancetolearnnewskills.Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom,typing,foreigncooking,photography,autorepair,furniturerepair,orswimming.Theseareonlysomeoftheclassesavailable.

Someadultstakeclassesforfunorbecausetheclasswillbeusefulforthem.Forexample,theycanchooseaclassinalmostanylanguage,Chinese,SpanishorEnglishasasecondlanguage.Thereareclassesinfirstaidorclassesinsewing.Therearealsomanyothertypesofclassestochoosefrom.

Otheradultstakecontinuingeducationclassestoimprovetheirownlivesbecausetheywanttofeelbetteraboutthemselves.Overweightpeoplecanfindexerciseclassesorclassesinnutrition.Otherscanlearnhowtobegoodparents,orhowtogetalongwithotherpeople.Therearemanyopportunitiesforadultstocontinuetheirlearning.Almostanycommunitycollegeorpublicschoolsystemhasacontinuingeducationprogram.Thereareclassesinschools,communitybuildings,orchurches.Mostclassesareintheevening,soworkingpeoplecanattend.Theclassesareusuallysmall,andtheyareinexpensive.

Thousandsofpeopleregisterforcontinuingeducationclasseseachyear.Theyreceivenodiplomaorcertificate,andnogradeformostoftheclassestheyattend.Forthem,learningissomethingtheydobecausetheywantto.

1.Lotsofpeopleattendcontinuingeducationclassesbecause（

）.

2.Someadultstakelessonsoftypingorautorepairto（

）.

3.What’sthemainideaofPara.7?

4.Attendingcontinuingeducationclasses（

）.

5.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theycanalsogotochurchatthesametime

B.therearemanycoursestheycanchoosefrom

C.learningissomethingtheyareinterestedin

D.theclasseswillhelpthembecomemoreconfident

問題2選項

A.getacollegeeducation

B.learnnewskills

C.getacertificate

D.earngrades

問題3選項

A.Adultscancontinuetheirlearning.

B.Classesareheldforworkingpeople.

C.Mostcontinuingeducationclassesareintheevening.

D.Adultshavemanyopportunitiestocontinuetheirlearning.

問題4選項

A.isexpensive

B.requiresaloan

C.isfreeofcharge

D.doesnotcostmuchmoney

問題5選項

A.adulteducationisverypopular

B.collegeeducationisnotimportant

C.otherskindsoflearningaremoreimportantthanschoollearning

D.continuingeducationclassesteachthesamecoursesthataretaughtincolleges

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段：Thereisusuallyalargevarietyofclassestochoosefrom...：有很多不同類型的課程可以選擇。確定B選項‘有許多課程可供選擇‘正確。A選項‘他們可以同時去教堂’，文章沒有提及。根據(jù)文章第二段:Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.繼續(xù)教育給這些成年人有機會增加本領(lǐng)域的知識或了解一個新領(lǐng)域。并沒有提及是新領(lǐng)域的東西就是他們所感興趣的，所以C選項‘學習他們感興趣的東西’排除。D選項‘課程有助于使他們更加自信’文章沒有提及。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段：Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.許多成年人不再對大學感興趣。對于他們來說，學習不僅僅意味著取得文憑。確定A選項‘獲得大學教育‘和C選項‘獲得文憑’與原文不符，排除。根據(jù)文章第三段：Iftheyknowmoreorlearnmore,thentheycangetabetterjoborearnmoremoney.如果他們知道的多或?qū)W到的多，他們就會找到更好的工作，掙到更多的錢。確定B選項‘學新技術(shù)‘正確。D選項‘提升等級’文章沒有提及。

3.根據(jù)文章第七段：Therearemanyopportunitiesforadultstocontinuetheirlearning.繼續(xù)學習的機會很多。這句話就是這段的主題句，所以D選項‘成年人繼續(xù)學習機會很多‘正確。A選項’成年人可以繼續(xù)學習‘不符合題意。B選項’各類班級是專門為職場人設(shè)計的‘和C選項’大多數(shù)斷續(xù)教育班都在晚上開課。因為課程班大多在晚上開班，有利于職場人參加學習‘不符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第七段：Theclassesareusuallysmall,andtheyareinexpensive.班級規(guī)模一般較小，費用較低。確定D選項‘不需要太多錢‘正確。A選項‘昂貴的’、B選項‘需要貸款’、C選項‘免費’與原文不符，排除。

5.根據(jù)文章第一段：IdeasabouteducationarechangingintheUnitedStates.Educationtodayisnotjustahighschooldiplomaoracollegedegree.Manyadultsarenotinterestedingoingtocollege.Theyareinterestedinotherkindsoflearning.Forthem,learningdoesnotendwithadiploma.在美國，教育觀念正在改變。今天，教育不僅僅是一張高中文憑或大學學歷。許多成年人不再對大學感興趣，他們感興趣的是其他類型的學習。對于他們來說，學習不僅僅意味著取得文憑。再根據(jù)文章第二段Continuingeducationgivestheseadultstheopportunitytoincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheirownfieldortolearnaboutanewfield.Italsogivesthemachancetoimprovetheiroldskillsortolearnnewones.繼續(xù)教育給這些成年人有機會增加本頌域知知識或了解一個新領(lǐng)域，同時也使他們有機會提高原有的技術(shù)和學習新的技術(shù)。確定A選項‘成人教育很受歡迎‘正確。B選項‘大學教育不重要’、C選項‘其它類型的學習比學校教育更重要’、和D選項‘繼續(xù)教育班教授的課程與大學課程一樣’原文都沒有提及。

9.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

1.（

）

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

2.（

）

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

3.（

）

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

4.（

）

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

ThepassagehassixsectionsA-F.ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsA-Dfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,I-VII,inboxes14-17onyouranswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題2選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題3選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

問題4選項

A.Theroleofvideoviolence

B.Thefailureofgovernmentpolicy

C.Reasonsfortheincreasedrateofbullying

D.ResearchintohowcommonbullyingisinBritishschools

E.Thereactionfromschoolstoenquiriesaboutbullying

F.Theeffectofbullyingonthechildreninvolved

G.Developmentsthathaveledtoanewapproachbyschools

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA的主要內(nèi)容，可知該段首先介紹了各種類型的欺凌，然后具體分析了英國小學的欺凌現(xiàn)象，可判斷出整個段落的主要內(nèi)容為：對英國學校欺凌現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。選項Ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB第一句“Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide…”，欺凌是令人不愉快的，而且會讓經(jīng)歷欺凌的孩子感到自卑和沮喪。在極端情況下，它甚至會導致自殺。下文繼續(xù)提到了受到欺凌的小學生在成年后更容易遇到交際困難?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬狡哿鑼⒆觽儙淼挠绊?。選項Ⅵ符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC第二句“…schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知過去學校會否認學校欺凌這個問題，聲稱學校沒有欺凌事件。下文繼續(xù)提到學校的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，“…moreschoolsarenowsaying:‘Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.’”，許多學?，F(xiàn)在承認欺凌現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，并且會有明確的應(yīng)對措施?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅藢W校對欺凌事件的態(tài)度變化。選項V符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD第一句“Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.”，可知本段主要對學校態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的原因進行了解釋，此句為中心句。可判斷出此段的主要內(nèi)容為導致學校采取新的應(yīng)對方法的原因，選項Ⅶ符合題意。

10.單選題

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinate（從屬的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.

1.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto（）.

2.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto（）.

3.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris（）.

4.Whydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?

5.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner（）.

問題1選項

A.bejustpartoftheirnature

B.worseninmodernsociety

C.occurwhentheygowild

D.presentathreattothecommunity

問題2選項

A.teachthedogtoperformclevertricks

B.makethedogawareofitsowner'sauthority

C.providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior

D.enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior

問題3選項

A.essentialtosolvingthedog'sbehaviorproblems

B.thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks

C.agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks

D.anextrememeasureinobediencetraining

問題4選項

A.Toavoidbeingpunished

B.Toshowtheiraffectionfortheirmasters

C.Towinleadershipofthedogpack

D.Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey

問題5選項

A.cangivethedogmorerewards

B.willenjoyabetterfamilylife

C.cangivethedogmorefreedom

D.willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.狗是群居動物，如果沒有適當?shù)挠柧?，它們會表現(xiàn)得像野生動物一樣?！笨芍返男袨閱栴}是由其本性決定的。故A項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段和第二段“Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Obediencetrainingdoesn'tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.防止或治療行為問題的關(guān)鍵是學會教狗把它的正常行為改成在家庭環(huán)境中可以接受的發(fā)泄。服從訓練并不能解決所有的行為問題，但它是解決任何問題的基礎(chǔ)?？芍挠柧毜闹饕康氖菫楣返囊靶U行為提供發(fā)泄的途徑。C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第二段最后一句“Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.有效的溝通對指導你的狗做你想要它做的事情是必要的?！笨芍狟項“是狗執(zhí)行任務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)”正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.大多數(shù)狗狗喜歡為你表演一些小把戲，讓你愉快地接受你是主人的事實?！笨芍狣項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.一條受過良好訓練的狗比未受過訓練的動物更有信心，也能更安全地獲得更多的自由?！笨芍狢項正確。

11.單選題

Salasisoneof13,000KingCountyemployeeswhowillbeaskedtoconfidentially_______whetherthey'reoverweight,smokeorengageinotherhealth-relatedvices.

問題1選項

A.dement

B.divulge

C.retaliate

D.disservice

【答案】B

【解析】dement使發(fā)狂;divulge泄露,暴露;retaliate報復;disservice傷害,虐待。句意：薩拉斯是國王郡1.3萬名雇員之一,他們將被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸煙或是否有其他與健康有關(guān)的惡習。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Marriedcouplescangetadivorceiftheyfindtheyarenot（

）

.

問題1選項

A.compatible

B.comparable

C.comfortable

D.communicable

【答案】A

【解析】compatible能共處的,兼容的；comparable可比較的,比得上的；communicable可傳達的,會傳染的。句意:已婚夫婦如果發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此不能和諧共處,可以選擇離婚。選項A符合語境。

13.單選題

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunsolelytosuitthefirm,thesystem,ortheunion.Thereseemstobeadeceptivenewmottoforso-called“service”organizationsStaffBeforeService.

Howoften,forexample,haveyouqueuedforwhatseemslikehoursatthePostOfficeorthesupermarketbecausetherewerenotenoughstaffondutytomanalltheservicegrillesorcheckoutcounters?Surelyinthesedaysofhighunemploymentitmustbepossibletohirecashiersandcounterstaff.Yetsupermarketshintingdarklyathigherprices,claimthatuncoveringalltheircashregistersatanyonetimewouldincreaseoperatingcosts.AndthePostOfficesayswecannotexpectalltheirservicegrillestobeoc