考研考博-英語-天津理工大學(xué)中環(huán)信息學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津理工大學(xué)中環(huán)信息學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.enhanced加強(qiáng)，提高B.revised修改

C.alternated交替，輪流D.modified修改

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析

【解題思路】原文指的是嬰兒為了滿足父母的意愿改變基因。D選項(xiàng)modified“修改”，指為了適應(yīng)某一特定的目的，稍微改變某物，與原文最相符。原文alter“改變”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)enhanced“加強(qiáng)，提高”，改變不一定是提高；

B選項(xiàng)revised“修改”，指修改意見或計(jì)劃，或者修訂書刊或估算；

C選項(xiàng)alternated“交替，輪流”，與altered屬于形近詞，但兩者意義不同。

【句意】人們擔(dān)心，嬰兒可能會(huì)根據(jù)父母的意愿進(jìn)行基因改造。

2.單選題

Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intears

B.invain

C.inturn

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)intears“流著淚”；B選項(xiàng)invain“無效”；C選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流；依次；反過來”；D選項(xiàng)inall“總共，合計(jì)”。句意：醫(yī)生的所有努力都是______，病人很快就死了。根據(jù)語境，醫(yī)生的努力沒有成功救回病人，invain“無效”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

It'softenhardtoseeyourmistakesasyou'remakingthem.Whenitcomestolivingarrangements,ahumdingerisbeingmadeinthiscountryrightnowandfewhavenoticedityet.

"Yikes!Thekidsaremovingbackin!"Thusgoesthemantraofthebabyboomgeneration,circa2007.Analystsestimatethatsome18minionadultsbetweentheagesof20and34livewiththeirparents.That'sroughlyathirdofthatagegroup.

Butlettingthekidsmovebackinisnotthesocietalerrorwe'retalkingabout.Instead,thebigmistakeistheloudlyvoicedchagrinoftheboomers.Mostmistakenlydecrythenotionoftheboomeranggeneration.Inordertofullyappreciatethedepthoftheerrorbeingmadehere,weallneedtostepbackabitandlookatthebiggerpicture.Thisepidemicofkidsmovingbackhomeisfirst,not"unprecedented,"andsecond,it'snotabadthing.Theprecedentforthistrendcanbefoundamongtheother6.2billionnon-Americansontheplanet,manyofwhomhappilylivewiththeiradultchildren,ofteninthree-generationhouseholds.

Thenthere'sthegrowingnumberofnon-AngloAmericans,includingmanyrecentimmigrants,whoseenoprobleminhavingadultkidscontributetothehousehold.Finally,theagrarianhistoryofthiscountrybeforeWorldWarIIallowedkidstoliveandworkaroundthefarmwellintoadulthood.

Adultkidsmovingbackhomeismerelythemostnoticeablesymptomofalarger,fundamentaltransformationofAmericansociety.Wearenationallybeginningtorecognizethecostsoftheindependencetheso-calledgreatestgenerationfoistedonus.Wecan'tblamethem.Theydidhavetogrowupfast.KidsintheirgenerationwentofftoWorldWarIIandgrewuponthebloodybeachesofdistantlands.

Afterthewar,thesurvivorshadfactoriestobuildandthewealthtobuytheirwhite-picket-fencedreamoutWest.Theydesignedasocialandfiscalsystemthathasservedtheirretirementyearsverywell.Buttheirhistoricallyuniqueretirementsystemmistakenlycelebratedindependenceandignoredthenaturalstateofhumanbeings—thatis,interdependence.

Moreover,theirsystembreaksdownwiththeonslaughtoftheirkids'retirement.Wecanalreadyseethepensionsystems,bothprivateandpublic,beginningtodisintegrateundertheweightofthebabyboomers.

Wearenowjuststartingtounderstandthesubstantialfiscalandpsychologicalcostsofseparatingthegenerationsintoso-calledsingle-familyhomeswiththeidealofamother,fatherandtwokids.Buttimeschangeandsodocultures.

Regardingboomerangkids,mostdemographersfocusontheimmediateexplanationsforthechanges,suchasthegrowingimmigrantpopulation,housingshortagesandhighprices,andout-of-wedlockchildbearing.

Manypsychologistshavenotedthatbaby-boomerparentsenjoycloserrelationshipswiththeirfewerchildrenthatallowextendedcohabitation.ArecentsurveyconductedforDelWebb(adivisionofPulteHomesInc.)reportsthatonlyaboutone-quarterofbabyboomersarehappieroncethekidsmoveout.

However,alltheseexplanationsaresimplysymptomsofthelarger,morefundamentalreunitingofAmericansintohouseholdsthatincludeextendedfamilies—adultkids,grandparents,grandchildrenandotherrelatives—ratherthanjustnuclearfamilies.

TherateatwhichourAmericancultureisadaptingwillaccelerateasbabyboomersbeginretiringinwaves.Creativehousingarrangementsarenecessitatingandallowingthreegenerationstolivetogetheragain~underonerooforincloseproximity.Nowsome6millionAmericangrandparentsarelivingunderoneroofwiththeirgrandchildren.

Whethergrandparentsliveinaccessoryapartmentsonthepropertyorhousesnextdoor,theseflexiblehousingoptionsprovideprivacyandcompanionshipatthesametime.Grandparentscaninteractwiththeirgrandchildrenwhiletheparentswork,andailbenefitfromthenewtogetherness.These21stcenturyhousingarrangementsareacreativewaytohandlethefinancialneedsofthegenerationthatisretiringand,yes,theadultchildrenwhoarecominghome.

Suchmultigenerationalhouseholdsdon'tmakesenseforeveryone.Personalityconflictsorfamilycharacteristicsprecludesucharrangementsforsome.Legalconstraintssuchasbuildingandzoningcodesareformidableobstaclesinmostcommunitiesacrossthecountry.

Oftenmoreroomismandatedforparkingyourcarthanparkingyourgrandmother.HomebuildershavebeenmoreinterestedinsellinghousesthatsatisfyimmediateneedsratherthananticipatingtheneedsofthegrowingnumbersofagingAmericans.

Thecultureitselffrequentlygetsintheway,reinforcingtheperceptionofastigmaattachingtolackofindependence—theadultchildwhojustwon'tmoveout(andgrowup)ortheaginggrandparentwhoeschews"beingaburden."

Despitetheseproblems,onceyoubegintalkingwithyourfriendsaboutthree-generationhouseholds,youwillbeginhearingstoriesabouthowsuchobstaclesarebeingovercome.Youalsowillbeginhearingstoriesaboutthewonderfulbenefitsofthinkingabouthousingandfamilyarrangementsincreativeways.Andyou'llhearstoriesaboutthefundamentalsatisfactionoflivingtogetheragain.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whichofthestatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.WhichofthestatementsisNOTtrueaboutthegreatestgeneration?

4.Thefactorholdsbackadultchildrenmovingbackhomeis（）

5.WhatisnotthereasonforadultmovingbackhomeaccordingtoresearchersonUSpopulations?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThetrendofkidsmovingbackhomehasnegativeeffecttoAmericanculture.

B.Thesymptomofadultkidsmovingbackhomeisextraordinary.

C..Backtothenestisbynomeanstheprecedent..

D.Thefamilyunitandindividualindependencearedamaginginthesociety.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thetrendofadultsmovebackhomeissince2007.

B.TheepidemicofkidsmovingbackhomeinUSAisunparalleledintheworld.

C.TheUnitedStateswasanagriculturecountrybeforeWorldWarII.

D.One-thirdofbabyboomersaresorrowfuloncethekidsmoveout.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyimposedtheideaofindependenceonthesuccessiveoffspring.

B.Theymakeloudcomplaintsabouttheirchildren'sprolongedstayingathome.

C.Theirsocialandfinanceschemefortheirretirementdisregardtheinterdependence.

D.Theirretirementsystemiscollapsingwiththeoverwhelmingoutpouringoftheirchildren'sretirement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fiscalandpsychologicalcosts

B.adults'unwillingnessofgrowingup

C.thedisturbingconventionalideas

D.thelegalconstraintsofmultigenerationalhouseholds

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Aginggrandparentswouldeschew.

B.Childbearingwithoutmatrimony.

C.Housingshortages.

D.Theincreasingimmigrantpopulation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.文章第五段的第一句為本文中心句"Adultkidsmovingbackhomeismerelythemostnoticeablesymptomofalarger,fundamentaltransformationofAmericansociety."成年子女搬回家住是美國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)生更大、更根本變革中最引人注目的現(xiàn)象。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段"Thisepidemicofkidsmovingbackhomeisfirst,not"unprecedented,"..."可知選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)C和D在文中沒有提及;根據(jù)第二段的第一句""Yikes!Thekidsaremovingbackin!"Thusgoesthemantraofthebabyboomgeneration,circa2007."可知自2007年以來,成年人開始出現(xiàn)搬回家住的趨勢(shì)。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Butlettingthekidsmovebackinisnotthesocietalerrorwe'retalkingabout.Instead,thebigmistakeistheloudlyvoicedchagrinoftheboomers."讓孩子搬回去并不是我們所說的社會(huì)錯(cuò)誤。相反,最大的錯(cuò)誤是生育高峰時(shí)期出生的人大聲抱怨。所以他們抱怨的不是孩子們長(zhǎng)時(shí)間待在家而是搬回來與父母同住,所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。

4.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,這種多代同堂的家庭模式并不是適合所有人。人格沖突或家庭特征使某些人無法作出這種安排。在全國(guó)大多數(shù)社區(qū),建筑和分區(qū)法規(guī)等法律約束都是巨大的障礙。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容可知,談到"回巢族",大多數(shù)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的是這些變化的直接原因,比如移民人口的增長(zhǎng)、住房短缺和高房?jī)r(jià),以及未婚生育。只有選項(xiàng)A沒有提及,所以本題選A。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

Youshouldhavebeenmorepatient（

）thatcustomer;I’msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.with

C.for

D.at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該要對(duì)那位顧客更加耐心一些的，我相信他最終一定會(huì)買那塊表。

固定搭配。bepatientwith對(duì)…有耐心。

5.單選題

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.

Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.

Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.

CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.

Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?

4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therichcountries

B.scientificdevelopment

C.theelite

D.theworldeconomy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded

B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration

C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased

D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries

C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.ritical

C.indifferent

D.tolerant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國(guó)家加強(qiáng)對(duì)全球市場(chǎng)的控制，而對(duì)貧困國(guó)家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，高科技的發(fā)展意味著富裕國(guó)家的利益不斷增加，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段提到對(duì)于那些看得見未來的人來說，計(jì)算機(jī)、電視和電話將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的生活；但是卻很少有人關(guān)注這些科技的發(fā)展對(duì)窮人的影響（forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor），由此可知貧困國(guó)家的利益并沒有得到重視，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國(guó)家加強(qiáng)對(duì)全球市場(chǎng)的控制，而對(duì)貧困國(guó)家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，由于電子經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)使得全球市場(chǎng)掌控在富裕國(guó)家手中，因而貧窮國(guó)家的利益將會(huì)受到損害，選項(xiàng)A符題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段主要講述了通信技術(shù)對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的影響。文章提到發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的掌控越來越少，為了重新獲得控制權(quán)，它們會(huì)考慮通信現(xiàn)代化（“developmentcommunications”modernization），但是這樣做的后果是會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期依賴和對(duì)本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)永久地制約（Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“付出了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的代價(jià)”符合題意。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章討論的主要內(nèi)容是通信技術(shù)對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的負(fù)面影響，作者對(duì)此是持否定態(tài)度的，因此，選項(xiàng)B“批判的”符合題意。

6.單選題

Infinance,opportunitycostanalysisreferstotheamountthatcouldhavebeenmadeinotherinvestments（

）theexpectedinvestmentreturn.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparedin

B.ascomparing

C.compared

D.comparedwith

【答案】D

【解析】語法（分詞做狀語）題。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后的“theexpectedinvestmentreturn預(yù)計(jì)投資收益”在原句中充當(dāng)狀語成分，它的邏輯主語是theamount,需要用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞，排除B選項(xiàng)；固定搭配becomparedwith，表示“與…相比”，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

科學(xué)是關(guān)于自然的知識(shí)總體，它代表了人類的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧?？茖W(xué)并不是什么新東西，在有文字記載的歷史以前，當(dāng)人們最初發(fā)現(xiàn)了在他們周圍反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的各種關(guān)系時(shí)，就有了科學(xué)的開端。通過對(duì)這些關(guān)系的仔細(xì)觀察，人們開始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能夠做出預(yù)測(cè)，從而在某種程度上控制他們周圍的環(huán)境。

科學(xué)家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面雜亂無序中尋求規(guī)律的人。他們具有一種特殊的思考與分析能力，具有無限的耐心進(jìn)行觀察和收集數(shù)據(jù)。但是，并不能把一切科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都?xì)w因于能力和耐心，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常與創(chuàng)造性的想象力緊密相關(guān)。的確，想象力的飛躍往往是通向發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一步。另外，科學(xué)家也以其誠(chéng)實(shí)而著稱。他們非常重視誠(chéng)實(shí)，主要是因?yàn)檎\(chéng)實(shí)對(duì)他們至關(guān)重要。他們提出的每一個(gè)理論都要受到進(jìn)一步的檢驗(yàn)。每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤或謊言必將被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了與他們的想法相矛盾的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家不是隱瞞證據(jù)，而是修改甚至放棄他們的想法。這樣他們積累了極其大量的知識(shí)，這些知識(shí)幫助我們更好地了解自己及周圍的世界。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Scienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findings,andwisdomofthehumanrace.Scienceisnotsomethingnewbuthaditsbeginningsbeforerecordedhistorywhenhumansfirstdiscoveredreoccurringrelationshipsaroundthem.Throughcarefulobservationsoftheserelationships,theybegantoknownatureand,becauseofnature’sdependability,foundtheycouldmakepredictionstoenablesomecontrolovertheirsurroundings.

Scientistsareasmallgroupofpeoplewhostrivetogaininsightsintonature,seekingorderinseemingdisorderliness.Theyarecreditedwithaspecialabilitytothinkandanalyze,andwithinfinitepatienceinmakingobservationsandcollectingdata.Butabilityandpatiencedonotaccountforallscientificdiscoveries,whichoftenhavemuchtodowithcreativeimagination.Indeedaleapofimaginationisoftenthefirststeptowardsdiscovery.Scientistsarealsonotedfortheirhonesty.Theyplaceahighpremiumonhonestylargelybecauseitisessentialtotheircareer.Everytheorytheyformulateissubjectedtofurthertesting.Everymistakeorlieisboundtobefoundout.Thereforeifanyevidenceisfoundcontradictingtheirideas,scientistsdonotsuppresstheevidencebutmodifyorevenabandontheirideas.Inthiswaytheyhavebuiltupanimmensebodyofknowledge,whichhelpsustounderstandbetterourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

8.單選題

Thissummittalkisthoughttobeinstrumentalinbringingaboutpeaceinthisregion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpful

B.useless

C.harmless

D.inappropriate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。instrumental表示“有幫助的，樂器的”；A項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，B項(xiàng)useless“無用的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無害的，無惡意的”，D項(xiàng)inappropriate“不適當(dāng)?shù)模幌喾Q的”。句意：人們認(rèn)為，這次首腦會(huì)談?dòng)兄谠谠摰貐^(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)和平。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

David（）hiscompany’ssuccesstotheunityofallthestaffandtheirperseveringhardwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pledged

B.contributed

C.acknowledged

D.attributed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。pledge“保證；許諾”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”；attribute“歸屬；把……歸于”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞success可知空格處的意思是“將成功歸功于……”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

BlackandLatinoboyscommitplentyofviolenceinschool,ofcourse,butthey’remorelikelytoassaultanindividualwhomtheyknow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intrude

B.violate

C.attack

D.battle

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.intrude闖入，侵入B.violate違犯，違背（法律、協(xié)議等）

C.attack襲擊，攻擊D.battle搏斗，奮斗，斗爭(zhēng)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】assault的意思為“襲擊，侵犯人身”，指的是黑人和拉丁裔男孩有可能攻擊他們認(rèn)識(shí)的人，attack與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】當(dāng)然，黑人和拉丁裔男孩在學(xué)校犯下了很多暴力行為，但他們更有可能攻擊他們認(rèn)識(shí)的人。

11.單選題

14.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ageneralpractitioner.

B.Gynecologist

C.Anorthopedist[?θ?’pid?st].

D.Sheissurgeon.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HelloDoctorMarks.It’sTimTailorfromANNEatEdinburghCentral.

W:Hello.

M:I’vegotayoungwoman,a30-year-oldwomanreferredupbyherGPwithakindofperinealabscessforabout10--15days.

W:Right.

M:She'sbeenonantibioticsandbasicallyitneedstobeincised.Canyoutakeher?

W:Ofcourse.What’sthepatient’sname?

Q:Whatisthewoman?

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知，女患者是會(huì)陰膿腫，需要切除。

12.單選題

Economicgrowthinvolvesincreasesovertimeinthevolumeofacountry’spercapitagrossnationalproduct(GNP)ofgoodsandservices.Suchcontinuingincreasescanraiseaveragelivingstandardssubstantiallyandprovideastrongerbaseforotherpolicyobjectivessuchasnationaldefense,variouskindsofcapitalinvestments,orpublicwelfareservices.Itisonlyinthelasttwocenturiesthatcontinuedgrowthinlivingstandardshasbeenrealizedforanumberofnow-developedcountries,andthisprocesshasbroadenedinthe20thcenturytoincludeanumberofdevelopingcountries.However,thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries,whilesomeoftheeconomicallypoorestcountrieswerethusfarunabletoestablishaself-sustainingpatternofdevelopment.Italsobecameincreasinglyevidentthattherewereseriousenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithsometypesofgrowthinproduction.

Thisarticleexaminestherecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment,someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved,andtheattemptsbygovernmentstoplanthesechanges.Twomajorissuesareinvolved.Thefirstiswhyeconomicgrowthoccursmorequicklyinsomecountriesandperiodsthaninothers.Itistheincreaseinthesizeandqualityofthefactorsofproductionthatunderliesgrowth,butcertainforces—innovationsandentrepreneurship,thepartplayedbygovernments,andtheroleofinvestmentasdistinctfromconsumption—deservespecialattention.Avarietyofmodelsofeconomicgrowthgiveexpressiontotheunderstandingoftheseforces.Increasingattentionhasbeenpaidinthesemodelsandinpolicytotheinternationalaspectsofgrowth.Thistrendispartlyareflectionofthegrowinginternationalizationofeconomicactivity.Italsoreflectsanumberofpotentiallydestabilizingchangesintheinternationaleconomythatbecameevidentduringthe1970s.Whiletheprecisenatureoftheireffectsisopentodebate,amongthesechangesshouldbenotedthetransitiontomoreflexibleexchangerates,thesupplyshocksinpetroleumandotherproducts,thegrowthofinternationaldebt,andthedevelopmentofseveralmajorcentersofeconomicpower.

Thesecondissueisthechallengesfacingthelow-incomecountries,namely,tomovefromsubsistencelevelsofpercapitaincometoalevelthatwouldgenerateself-sustaininggrowthandalsotoreducethegapbetweenthemselvesandthehigh-incomecountries.Differencesamongthelowerincomecountrieswarnagainstmakingsweepinggeneralizationsonthedevelopmentprocess,butthreetopicshaveattractedmuchattention.Oneishowfarexistingprivateandpublicorganizationsmustbechangedsoastoinstitutionalizedevelopment.Asecondistheviewthat,particularlyformanufacturesandforsmallermarkets,relianceonimportsubstitutionshouldgivewayfairlyquicklytoexportdevelopment.Thethirdistheimpactofpopulationgrowthonbothdevelopmentandlivingstandards.

62.Accordingtothispassage,theeconomicexpansioninmanydevelopedanddevelopingcountriesdidnotbecomesloweruntil______.

63.Theunderlinedword“erratic”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

64.Thesecondparagraphofthispassageismainlyabout______.

65.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelasttwocenturies

B.the20thcentury

C.the1980s

D.The1960s

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.consistent

B.unstable

C.Invariable

D.erotic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment

B.someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved

C.thegrowinginternationlizationofeconomicactivity

D.thereasonsforthedifferencesineconomicgrowthratesamongdifferentcountriesandperiods

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.economicgrowthreliesmainlyoninnovations

B.anumberofmodelshavefocusedontheglobaleconomicgrowth

C.agreementhasbeenreachedonthenatureofthedestabilizingchangesofthe1970s

D.populationgrowthhasanotableimpactontheenvironment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，許多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張直到……才變得緩慢”。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句話However,thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries,whilesomeoftheeconomicallypoorestcountrieswerethusfarunabletoestablishaself-sustainingpatternofdevelopment.（然而，在20世紀(jì)的第三個(gè)25年的時(shí)候，對(duì)于高收入國(guó)家和低收入國(guó)家，相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張讓位于較慢且更不穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，即使一些最貧窮的國(guó)家到目前為止還無法建立一種自我維持的發(fā)展模式。）可知，在20世紀(jì)的第三個(gè)25年時(shí)，穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張開始讓位于發(fā)展慢且不穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，所以D項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)60年代”是正確的。A項(xiàng)“過去兩個(gè)世紀(jì)”、B項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)”和C項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)80年代”都錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“第一段中下劃線的單詞erratic最有可能的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries…（對(duì)于高收入國(guó)家和低收入國(guó)家，相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張讓位于一段較慢且更erratic的增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期……），由givewayto可知，前后為對(duì)比關(guān)系，前面提到了steady（穩(wěn)定的），那么后面的erratic與之對(duì)應(yīng)的就是“不穩(wěn)定的”，故B項(xiàng)“不穩(wěn)定”正確。A項(xiàng)“一致”、C項(xiàng)“不變的”和D項(xiàng)“性愛的，色情的”都不符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“文章第二段主要是關(guān)于……”。第二段第三句提到Thefirstiswhyeconomicgrowthoccursmorequicklyinsomecountriesandperiodsthaninothers.（第一個(gè)問題是為什么在一些國(guó)家和在不同時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)比其他國(guó)家更快），接著后面的內(nèi)容都是就這個(gè)問題展開的論述，所以D項(xiàng)“不同國(guó)家、不同時(shí)期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率差異的原因”符合題意。根據(jù)第二段前兩句Thisarticleexaminestherecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment,someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved,andtheattemptsbygovernmentstoplanthesechanges.Twomajorissuesareinvolved.（本文考察了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展的記錄，對(duì)所涉及的變化的一些解釋，以及政府計(jì)劃這些變化的嘗試。其中涉及兩個(gè)主要問題。）可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展的記錄、所涉及的變化的一些解釋和政府的一些嘗試主要涉及兩個(gè)問題，而第二段闡述的是第一個(gè)問題，所以開頭第一句話只是為了引出下面的內(nèi)容，A項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展的記錄”和B項(xiàng)“對(duì)所涉及的變化的一些解釋”不選。C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)日益國(guó)際化”只是第一個(gè)問題中的一部分內(nèi)容，并不全面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者，……”。由第二段中的Itistheincreaseinthesizeandqualityofthefactorsofproductionthatunderliesgrowth,butcertainforces—innovationsandentrepreneurship,thepartplayedbygovernments,andtheroleofinvestmentasdistinctfromconsumption—deservespecialattention.（生產(chǎn)要素的規(guī)模和質(zhì)量的增加是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)，但某些力量，如創(chuàng)新和企業(yè)家精神、政府發(fā)揮的作用以及投資不同于消費(fèi)的作用也值得特別注意。）可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有很多因素，A項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)主要依靠創(chuàng)新”不正確。根據(jù)第二段中的Increasingattentionhasbeenpaidinthesemodelsandinpolicytotheinternationalaspectsofgrowth.（在這些模式和政策中，越來越重視經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的國(guó)際層面）可知，這些模式和政策日益關(guān)注全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，所以B項(xiàng)“一些模式關(guān)注的是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”符合題意。根據(jù)Italsoreflectsanumberofpotentiallydestabilizingchangesintheinternationaleconomythatbecameevidentduringthe1970s.Whiletheprecisenatureoftheireffectsisopentodebate…（它還反映了在20世紀(jì)70年代期間明顯出現(xiàn)的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)中一些可能造成不穩(wěn)定的變化。雖然其影響的確切性質(zhì)還有待討論……）可知，在20世紀(jì)70年代，國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)中的不穩(wěn)定的變化的性質(zhì)還有待討論，C項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)就20世紀(jì)70年代不穩(wěn)定變化的性質(zhì)達(dá)成了協(xié)議”不符合原文。由最后一段最后一句Thethirdistheimpactofpopulationgrowthonbothdevelopmentandlivingstandards.（第三是人口增長(zhǎng)對(duì)發(fā)展和生活水平的影響。）可知，人口增長(zhǎng)影響的是發(fā)展和生活水平，D項(xiàng)“人口增長(zhǎng)對(duì)環(huán)境有顯著影響”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滯的，不景氣的；complex復(fù)雜的，合成的；appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?。句意：艾滋病活?dòng)人士永久性地改變并縮短了美國(guó)測(cè)試和批準(zhǔn)用于治療各種疾病的各種新藥的復(fù)雜過程。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Withmorethan150milesofvirtuallynowaterfallsorrapids,theHudsonRiverextendsinlandfrom（

）,theAtlanticOcean.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesourceof

B.whereitssource

C.itssource

D.fromwhichitssourceis

【答案】C

【解析】語法（同位語）題。分析題干可知，空格后的theAtlanticOcean是空格的同位語，所以排除A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng);B選項(xiàng)的its為物主代詞，與后面的名詞source構(gòu)成主語，那就缺少謂語成分，所以B選項(xiàng)排除，所以答案為C選項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Theemergenceofextraterrestriallife,particularlyintelligentlife,isakeytestfortheserivalinstances.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doctrines

B.heresies

C.examples

D.debates

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)doctrinesn.主義，學(xué)說，教義；B選項(xiàng)heresiesn.異端邪說，異教；C選項(xiàng)examplesn.例子，實(shí)例；D選項(xiàng)debatesn.辯論，討論。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出現(xiàn)，對(duì)于這些競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手情況是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的測(cè)試。因此，C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，后面應(yīng)該是肯定的推測(cè)，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A選項(xiàng)musthavegone“一定是”，表示對(duì)過去肯定的推測(cè)；B選項(xiàng)shouldhavegone和C選項(xiàng)oughttohavegone都表示“本來應(yīng)該去而未去”；D選項(xiàng)couldhavegone表示“本來能夠去而沒去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply（

）everycheatinthemarketplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlieuof

B.forthepriceof

C.bycourtesyof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inlieuof“代替”；B選項(xiàng)forthepriceof“以……為代價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)bycourtesyof“由于……的作用，蒙……的好意”；D選項(xiàng)atthemercyof“完全由……支配，任由……擺布”。由“Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneeded（不了解他們需要的信息和建議的消費(fèi)者）”和“cheatinthemarketplace（市場(chǎng)上的欺詐）”可知D選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：不了解他們需要的信息和建議的消費(fèi)者，只能任由市場(chǎng)上的騙子擺布。

18.單選題

"Toomanychildstarsgrowuptobeunhappyadults.Hehastobecautiousandnot（）himselffromreallife.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.camouflage

C.insulate

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)camouflage“偽裝，掩飾”；C選項(xiàng)insulate“隔離，使孤立”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“使…模糊不清，掩蓋；隱藏”。句意：太多的童星長(zhǎng)大后都并不快樂。他必須小心謹(jǐn)慎但不能將自己隔離現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。這里選C項(xiàng)“insulate”比較合適，insulateoneselffromreallife表示“將自己隔離現(xiàn)實(shí)生活”。

19.單選題

Socialscientistshaveestablished