考研考博-英語-寧夏財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,（

）aresuggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)as“因?yàn)?、正如、雖然”；B選項(xiàng)while“雖然、盡管”；C選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”；D選項(xiàng)since“自……以后”，根據(jù)句意：我希望針對(duì)空氣污染的所有預(yù)防措施將會(huì)如當(dāng)?shù)卣ㄗh的那樣在這里被認(rèn)真考慮。以及語法結(jié)構(gòu)可知填入部分充當(dāng)方式狀語，as“正如”符合題意，故正確答案選A。

2.單選題

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyrecipientsofknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shoreup

B.accedeto

C.participatein

D.compensatefor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)shoreup“支持，加固”；B選項(xiàng)accedeto“加入，同意”；C選項(xiàng)participatein“參加，參與，分享”；D選項(xiàng)compensatefor“賠償，補(bǔ)償”。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)程序可以提供信息，迫使學(xué)生參與學(xué)習(xí)，而不僅僅是知識(shí)的接受者。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

3.單選題

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語從句。句意：“你認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該去聽講座嗎？”她問我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，A選項(xiàng)that符合題意。B選項(xiàng)whether和C選項(xiàng)if“是否”詞義和前面疑問詞do重復(fù)；如果要用D選項(xiàng)when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實(shí)，要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

5.單選題

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legend

B.specimen

C.maximum

D.document

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”；B選項(xiàng)specimen“樣本”；C選項(xiàng)maximum“最大限度”；D選項(xiàng)document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究貢貝國(guó)家公園里的黑猩猩，是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目。這讓她和黑猩猩們成為活生生的______，并獲得了世界各地的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位、博士學(xué)位和野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)獎(jiǎng)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項(xiàng)目，超出了人們的想象，A選項(xiàng)legend“傳奇”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Weare（）facedwiththenecessarytorecognizethathavingmorepeopleimpliesalowstandardofliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.readily

B.smoothly

C.inevitably

D.deliberately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)readily“容易地，樂意地”，B項(xiàng)smoothly“平穩(wěn)地，平滑地”，C項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”，D項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞withthenecessaryto（有必要）可知，空格部分填入inevitably最合適。句意：我們不可避免地必須要認(rèn)識(shí)到人越多生活水平越低。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.問答題

Aconflict(A)wagedtoensurethesurvivalofthehuman(B)speciesisboundtobringhumansclosertogether.Technologicalprogresshasthusprovedtobeadouble-edgedsword,(C)givingrisetoanewformofconflict:a(D)crashbetweenManandNature.

【答案】D；“crash”改為“clash”。

【解析】考查名詞。句意：為確保人類生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)必然會(huì)使人類更緊密地結(jié)合在一起。因此，技術(shù)進(jìn)步被證明是一把雙刃劍，引發(fā)了一種新的沖突形式:人與自然的沖突。名詞“crash”作名詞時(shí)詞義為“（交通工具）墜毀，碰撞聲”，而句意為“人與自然的矛盾沖突”，所以將名詞“crash”改為“clash”。

8.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tenyearsago.

B.Fiveyearsago.

C.Fifteenyearsago.

D.Severalweeksago.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Now,I’dliketoaskyouaboutanyillnessesyou’vehadinthepast.Couldyoutellmeaboutthis?

W:Letmethink...IhadmyappendixoutwhenIwas15.AndIhadachestinfectionwhenIwasonholidayintheUSA5yearsago.That’sall.

M:Couldyoutellmeifyou’vehadanyaccidentsorinjuredyourselfatanytime?

W:Wellyes,Islippedontheiceandbrokemyneck10yearsago.ActuallyIwasinhospitalthenforseveralweeks.I’dforgottenthat.

Q:Whendidthewomanhaveabonefracture?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Islippedontheiceandbrokemyneck10yearsago（10年前我在冰上滑倒摔了脖子），故選A。

9.翻譯題

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfoodandclothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

【答案】任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的“生活水平”指的是那個(gè)國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和提供的服務(wù)為普通民眾所分享的情況。因此，一個(gè)國(guó)家的生活水平首先取決于它創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力。在這個(gè)意義上的“財(cái)富”并不是指錢，因?yàn)槲覀儾⒉灰揽垮X而是依靠錢能買到的東西生存：比如像食物和衣服這樣的“東西”，像交通和娛樂這樣的“服務(wù)”。

一個(gè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力取決于很多因素，這些因素相互影響。財(cái)富在很大程度上依靠國(guó)家的自然資源，比如煤、金礦以及其他礦藏、肥沃的土壤和適宜的氣候。有些地區(qū)可能只有這些資源中的一種，而有些地區(qū)一樣都沒有。美國(guó)是世界上最富裕的國(guó)家之一，因?yàn)樵谒木硟?nèi)有著豐富的自然資源，肥沃的土壤和多樣的氣候。與之相反，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最貧困的地區(qū)之一。

僅次于自然資源的是使用這些資源的能力。中國(guó)也許和美國(guó)一樣擁有豐富的自然資源，但是遭受多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)外戰(zhàn)，以及一些其他的原因?qū)е轮袊?guó)沒有很好地利用她的能源。安穩(wěn)的政治環(huán)境、免受外來侵略勢(shì)力的威脅才能讓一個(gè)國(guó)家和平穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展本國(guó)自然資源，并且能夠比其他擁有同樣多自然資源但缺乏秩序的國(guó)家創(chuàng)造出更多的財(cái)富。另外一個(gè)重要的因素便是一個(gè)國(guó)家人民的科技效率。經(jīng)過數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)，古老的國(guó)家培訓(xùn)出大量熟練技工與技師所創(chuàng)造出來的財(cái)富遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于那些擁有大量非熟練工人的國(guó)家。財(cái)富同樣能創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家變得富裕起來，人民便有了大量的積蓄，他們可以將這些積蓄投入到工廠機(jī)器中，幫助工人生產(chǎn)出更多的商品。

10.單選題

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（1）awaror（2）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（3）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（4）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneytoreturnthedebtsofthegovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（5）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationwilloccurwhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.Ifpeoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoodsliketelevisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillbetheresult,industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（6）thedemand,（7）ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh（8）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkers'wages（9）tosuitthehighcostofliving,industrywillmeetthisdemandandaddothercostsofproductiononthe（10）.Ofthesethreecauses,excessivegovernmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.finance

C.rouse

D.provide

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.carryoff

B.carryaway

C.carryout

D.carry,over

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.accomplish

B.offset

C.compensate

D.achieve

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.expand

B.extend

C.expend

D.offend

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.approximately

D.appropriately

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.imply

C.occupy

D.meet

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Otherwise

B.Hence

C.However

D.Moreover

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.interests

B.interested

C.interesting

D.interest

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.shouldincrease

B.beincreased

C.areincreased

D.willbeincreased

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.employer

B.manager

C.employee

D.consumer

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:D

【解析】（1）根據(jù)句意可知,這里指資助戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),只有選項(xiàng)B能與之搭配。

（2）carryoff奪去,使喪命；carryaway運(yùn)走,使失去自制力；carryout實(shí)施,執(zhí)行；carryover留到以后處理,繼續(xù)存在。能與社會(huì)項(xiàng)目搭配的只有選項(xiàng)C。

（3）offsetthedeficit為固定搭配,指“彌補(bǔ)財(cái)政赤字”,選項(xiàng)B正確。

（4）根據(jù)句意：財(cái)政部可以通過發(fā)行更多的紙幣,簡(jiǎn)單地?cái)U(kuò)大貨幣供應(yīng),以此來償還政府的債務(wù)來。只有選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（5）excessively過分地,極度；automatically自動(dòng)地；approximately大約,近似地；appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?相稱地”。句意：貨幣供應(yīng)量的增加將使美元隨之貶值。這種變化是無意識(shí)的,所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

（6）meetthedemand為固定搭配,指“滿足需求”,選項(xiàng)D正確。

（7）結(jié)合上下文,上句提到如果人們有更多的錢就會(huì)擴(kuò)大消費(fèi),導(dǎo)致物資缺乏,工廠會(huì)擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn),提高價(jià)格來滿足需求；下句提到如果人們看到商品價(jià)格上漲也會(huì)買,甚至不惜借高利貸來支付。下句講述更深一層的結(jié)果,前后構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（8）interestrates為常用詞組搭配,意為“利率”,選項(xiàng)D正確。

（9）考查虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣中與將來事實(shí)相反,從句中用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且should可以省略。這里wages與increase是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（10）根據(jù)句意可知,企業(yè)提高工人工資,將產(chǎn)品成本轉(zhuǎn)移到了顧客也就是消費(fèi)者的身上,選項(xiàng)D符合原文語境。

11.翻譯題

41.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(15’)

USbusinessesrespondedwithalarmtoPresidentDonaldTrump’sannouncementofwide-rangingtariffsonimportsfromChina,warningthattheywouldraisecostsforAmericanconsumersandriskedprovokingadamagingtradewar.Businessgroupsfromarangeofindustriesexpressedacommonview:theysharedMr.Trump’sconcernsaboutintellectualpropertyviolationsandunfairtradingpracticesbyChinabutthoughthisdecisiontousetariffstoaddresstheproblemwouldbecounter-productive.OneofthestrongestresponsestotheplanscamefromtheNationalRetailFederation,whichsaidthetariffswould“punishordinaryAmericansforChina’sviolations”.

【答案】【參考譯文】

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德.特朗普(DonaldTrump)宣布對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品廣泛征收關(guān)稅后，美國(guó)企業(yè)紛紛表示震驚，他們警告，關(guān)稅將提高美國(guó)消費(fèi)者成本，并有引發(fā)破壞性的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。來自不同行業(yè)的商界組織表達(dá)了共同的看法：他們認(rèn)同特朗普對(duì)中國(guó)侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和不公平交易行為的擔(dān)憂，但認(rèn)為使用關(guān)稅解決問題的決定可能適得其反。美國(guó)零售聯(lián)合會(huì)(NationalRetailFederation)是對(duì)關(guān)稅計(jì)劃作出最強(qiáng)烈回應(yīng)的機(jī)構(gòu)之一。該機(jī)構(gòu)指出，征收關(guān)稅將“讓普通美國(guó)人因中國(guó)的違規(guī)行為而受到懲罰”。

12.單選題

Ifelt___todeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman’sspeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fatigued

B.tired

C.exhausted

D.bored

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fatigued“疲乏的；疲憊的；精疲力竭的（強(qiáng)調(diào)身體和心理都很疲倦）”；B選項(xiàng)tired“疲倦的（側(cè)重想睡覺或休息，需要休息，通常與醫(yī)學(xué)疾病有關(guān)）；厭倦的，厭煩的”；C選項(xiàng)exhausted“筋疲力盡的，疲憊不堪的（意味著你完全被耗盡了——身體上、精神上、情感上和社交上）；耗盡的，枯竭的”；D選項(xiàng)bored“無聊的；無趣的；煩人的”。句意：我___得要死，因?yàn)槲乙稽c(diǎn)也看不懂主席的講話。本句表達(dá)“我很無聊，因?yàn)槁牪欢飨闹v話”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowthatIndonesia’sbleakrateofdeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonfortheturnaroundmaybethecountry'santipovertyprogram.

In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginaprogramthatgivesmoneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchasrequiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgetregularmedicalcare.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocialassistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreakthecycleofpoverty.They'realreadyusedindozensofcountriesworldwide.InIndonesia,theprogramhasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicinetosubstantiallyreduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.

ButCCTprogramsdon'tgenerallyconsidereffectsontheenvironment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmentalprotectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaulFerraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.

That'sbecauseeconomicgrowthcanbecorrelatedwithenvironmentaldegradation,whileprotectingtheenvironmentissometimescorrelatedwithgreaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelationsdon'tprovecauseandeffect.Theonlypreviousstudyanalyzingcausality,basedonanareainMexicothathadinstitutedCCTs,supportedthetraditionalview.There,aspeoplegotmoremoney,someofthemmayhavemoreclearedlandforcattletoraiseformeat,Ferrarosays.

Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffecttheenvironment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia’spoverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.Indonesiahasthethird-largestareaoftropicalforestintheworldandoneofthehighestdeforestationrates.Ferraroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestlossfrom2008to2012—includingduringIndonesia'sphase-inoftheantipovertyprogram—in7,468forestedvillagesacross15provincesandmultipleislands.TheduoseparatedtheeffectsoftheCCTprogramonforestlossfromotherfactors,likeweatherandmacroeconomicchanges,whichwerealsoaffectingforestloss.Withthat,“weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30percentreductionindeforestation,”Ferrarosays.

That'slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyasmakeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferrarosays.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandtoplantmorericetosupplementtheirharvests.WiththeCCTs,individualsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheirharvests.

Whetherthisresearchtranslateselsewhereisanybody'sguess.Ferrarosuggeststheimportanceofgrowingriceandmarketaccess.Andregardlessoftransferability,thestudyshowsthatwhat'sgoodforpeoplemayalsobegoodvalueoftheavoideddeforestationjustforcarbondioxideemissionsaloneismorethantheprogramcosts.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,CCTprogramsaimto（

）.

2.ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoiscitedtoshowthat（

）.

3.InhisstudyaboutIndonesia,Ferrarointendstofindout（

）.

4.AccordingtoFerraro,theCCTprograminIndonesiaismostvaluableinthat（

）.

5.Whatisthetextcenteredon?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitatehealthcarereform

B.helppoorfamiliesgetbetteroff

C.improvelocaleducationsystems

D.lowerdeforestationrates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cattlerearinghasbeenamajormeansoflivelihoodforthepool

B.CCTprogramshavehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles

C.antipovertyeffortsrequiretheparticipationoflocalfarmers

D.economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itsacceptancelevelofCCTs

B.itsannualrateofpovertyalleviation

C.therelationofCCTstoitsforestloss

D.theroleofitsforestsinclimatechange

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwillbenefitotherAsiancountries

B.itwillreduceregionalinequality

C.itcanprotecttheenvironment

D.itcanboostgrainproduction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofaprogram.

B.Thedebatesoveraprogram.

C.Theprocessofastudy.

D.Thetransferabilityofastudy.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

14.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedSlatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf'sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobylmakepeopleseehowimportantthehumanqualityoftechnologyis;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlybecamecompletelydisorderedandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmentofsupplementandreplacessomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.

1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit（）.

2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause（）.

4.Byusingthephrase"thehumanqualityoftechnology"(line7,ParA.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology（）.

5.Thepassageisbasedontheauthor's（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject

B.isutilizedbyman

C.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell

D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld

B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit

C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman

D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind

B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore

C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology

D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife

B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature

C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind

D.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.keeninsightintothenatureoftechnology

B.prejudicedcriticismoftheroleoftheIndustrialRevolution

C.cautiousanalysisofthereplacementofthehumanmindbycomputers

D.exaggerateddescriptionofthenegativeconsequencesoftechnology

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第三句“Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.”除非人們用矛去捕獲獵物或用機(jī)器人去生產(chǎn)機(jī)器零件，否則二者都只不過是硬梆梆的物體而已。也就是說只有為人類所用的時(shí)候，它們才具有科技含量，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theChallengerandChernobyl”定位到第二段第五句：挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到技術(shù)的人為特征是多么重要。下文繼續(xù)提到，計(jì)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然變得完全混亂，而且沒有現(xiàn)成的人手來糾正它們。因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)是人類創(chuàng)造的，容易出問題。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasarevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.”它之所以是革命性的，主要原因是它帶來了巨大的社會(huì)變革。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段所舉的例子可知，作者意在說明技術(shù)的人為性特征，即技術(shù)同人性一樣，存在弱點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.本題可用排除法。作者在文中并沒有對(duì)工業(yè)革命進(jìn)行批判，所以選項(xiàng)B不正確；大腦不會(huì)被電腦所取代，選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤；雖然科技有負(fù)面影響，但作者沒有進(jìn)行夸大的描述，所以選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。B,C,D三項(xiàng)均可排除，選項(xiàng)A正確，作者對(duì)技術(shù)的本質(zhì)有著敏銳的洞察。

15.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世紀(jì)80年代以來，中國(guó)陸續(xù)推出一系列科學(xué)技術(shù)研究發(fā)展的整體計(jì)劃，旨在戰(zhàn)略性地全面提高國(guó)家在21世紀(jì)的綜合科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。1982年開始實(shí)施的國(guó)家科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃，是20世紀(jì)中國(guó)最大的科技計(jì)劃。它面向國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，解決國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展中帶有方向性、關(guān)鍵性和綜合性的問題，涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、電子信息、能源、交通、材料、資源勘探、環(huán)境保護(hù)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

16.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presents

B.oughttopresent

C.wouldpresent

D.present

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：大家接受了由市長(zhǎng)頒獎(jiǎng)的建議。一堅(jiān)持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,desire)后面可以跟賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，即其謂語部分用should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可省略。這里suggest跟賓語從句，用虛擬語氣，D選項(xiàng)“present”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)presents，B選項(xiàng)oughttopresent和C選項(xiàng)wouldpresent用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

Peertutoringisaneffectivewaytoimprovelearningforboththetuteeandthetutor,andnoonedoubtsthevalueofthisstrategyformeetingindividualneedswithinaclassroom.However,ittakesmorethansimplypairingoffstudentstomakepeertutoringresultinimprovedlearning.

Althoughyouarelikelytouseinformaltutoringpracticesinyourclassroomeveryday(e.g.askingonestudenttohelpanotherstudentwithaproblem),establishingaformalizedtutoringprogramrequiresmoreinvolvedplanning.Thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyoucreateandsustainaneffectiveprogramwithinyourclassroom.Aswithmostinitiatives,ifyoucanworkwithyourbuildingadministratorandotherteacherstoestablishaschool-widetutoringprogram,youwillbeabletoservetheneedsofallstudentsmoresuccessfully.Typically,trainingwillbeminimalandwillincludebasicinstructioninmodeling,promptingresponsesfromtutees,usingcorrectivefeedbackandpraise/reinforcement,alternatingteachingmethodsandmaterials(i.e..,usingmultisensorymethods),andrecordingandreportingprogress.Ifthisisaschool-wideinitiative,classroomteachersorevenparentsorparaprofessionalscantrainstudentswhowilltutoraspartofanextracurricularserviceactivity.

【答案】【參考譯文】同伴教學(xué)是一種對(duì)受教者和施教者的學(xué)習(xí)都有改進(jìn)的有效方法，沒有人懷疑這種策略在課堂里滿足個(gè)人需求的價(jià)值。然而，要想讓同伴輔導(dǎo)提高學(xué)習(xí)效果，僅僅把學(xué)生配對(duì)是不夠的。

雖然你可能每天在你的課堂里使用非正式的輔導(dǎo)實(shí)踐（例如，要一位學(xué)生去幫助另一位學(xué)生解決問題），但是建立一個(gè)正式的輔導(dǎo)課程卻需要更復(fù)雜的設(shè)計(jì)。下面的策略可以幫助您在課堂里創(chuàng)建并維持一個(gè)有效的輔導(dǎo)課程。與大多數(shù)的倡議一樣，如果您能與大樓管理員和其他教師共同去建立一個(gè)全校性的輔導(dǎo)課程，那么您將能夠更成功地滿足所有學(xué)生的需求。

通常，培訓(xùn)是小規(guī)模的，并且包括建模的基本指令，提示來自受教者的回應(yīng)，使用矯正反饋和稱贊/強(qiáng)化，交替教學(xué)方法和材料（如使用多感官的方式），記錄和報(bào)告進(jìn)展。如果這是一次全校性的倡議，那么將輔導(dǎo)作為部分課外服務(wù)活動(dòng)的課堂老師，甚至家長(zhǎng)或輔導(dǎo)專職人員都可以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生。

18.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas（

）regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barren

B.void

C.virgin

D.wretched

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。barren意為“貧瘠的，荒涼的，不毛的”；void意為“無效的，空的”；virgin意為“未開發(fā)的，原始狀態(tài)的”；wretched意為“不幸的，悲慘的”。

句意：許多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不毛之地，但許多動(dòng)植物已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里的生活。

19.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請(qǐng)立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark（

）centerthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figures

B.features

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。figure意為“人影，數(shù)字”；feature意為“特征，特點(diǎn)”；sketch意為“素描，草圖”；image意為“圖像，肖像”。

句意：昨晚，他看到了兩個(gè)黑影進(jìn)入了大樓，然后發(fā)生了爆炸。

21.填空題

Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Menareveryclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofclothesreflectbasicqualitiesof

A

B

C

D

stabilityandreliability?

【答案】Cveryclever改為tooclever

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】固定句型。

【解題思路】too...to是固定句型，意思為“太……而不能”，指的是男性非常聰明，不會(huì)讓自己被服裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙，因此C部分應(yīng)為tooclever。

【句意】如果對(duì)比男性和女性對(duì)于時(shí)尚的看法，得出的結(jié)論顯而易見。男性很聰明，不會(huì)讓自己被時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師欺騙。他們不變的服裝款式是否反映了穩(wěn)定可靠的基本品質(zhì)呢？

22.單選題

Havingpublishedmorethanadozenpapersinsomefirst-ratejournals,sheisheldinhigh（）byhercolleagues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.esteem

B.evaluation

C.estate

D.ego

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。esteem尊重,尊敬;evaluation評(píng)價(jià);estate財(cái)產(chǎn);ego自負(fù)。句意：她在一些一流的刊物上發(fā)表了十多篇論文,深受同事們的尊敬。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

23.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項(xiàng)emulation“仿真；效仿；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；D選項(xiàng)emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國(guó)本土，優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對(duì)新技術(shù)的開放態(tài)度、對(duì)發(fā)明的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國(guó)人的特征——競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Iregret___somuchtimeandmoneyonstamps.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towaste

B.forwasting

C.havingwasted

D.atwasting

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。waste表示“浪費(fèi)，濫用；消耗；使荒蕪”，regretdoing“對(duì)做過的事表示遺憾、后悔”。句意：我___在郵票上浪費(fèi)了那么多時(shí)間和金錢。本句表達(dá)“后悔已經(jīng)在郵票上浪費(fèi)那么多錢和時(shí)間”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Therehasbeensomuchmedia（）ofthecomingelectionthatpeoplehavegotboredwithit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circulation

B.concern

C.broadcasting

D.coverage

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。circulation“循環(huán)（血液等）；流通（貨幣，消息等）；發(fā)行量（專輯，書等）”；concern“關(guān)心；關(guān)系”；broadcasting“播放；廣播節(jié)目”；coverage“聚集；匯集”，根據(jù)此處的media可知此處應(yīng)該填寫一個(gè)與新聞媒體相關(guān)的名詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有broadcasting最符合，正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

26.單選題

Thekeytothesequestionsistheemotionalresponsewecallanxiety.Unlikehungerorthirst,whichbuildanddissipate(驅(qū)散)intheimmediatepresent,anxietyisthesortoffeelingthatsneaksuponyoufromthedayaftertomorrow.It’ssupposedtokeepyoufromfeelingtoosafe.Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.

Allanimals,especiallythesmall,scurryingkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.